Please read the board carefully.

Welcome!

Test review – Course Foundations

Objective #4 Ecosystem services

• Things our natural areas do for us.– Air purification (plants take in CO2, produce

O2)– Flood control (prairies absorb water to protect

our homes)– ***Ecosystem services happen when an

ecosystem is healthy and not destroyed!

Return to the front:

• Test questions

• Course Foundation Objective sheet and answers

Ecology – the study of relationships between organisms and their

environment

Biotic vs. Abiotic

• Mockingbird• Oak tree• Bacteria• Bison• Human• Ladybug• Leaves on the ground• Deer antler

• Air temperature• Water pH• Waves• Fire• Wind• Sunlight• Humidity

Energy Flow through Food Webs

Energy

• All living things need energy to survive.

• The sun is the ultimate source of energy for the earth.

• Trophic levels – an organism’s position in the food chain

Producers

• Also called autotrophs– Auto (self), troph (feeder)

• Can take the energy from sunlight and make food – Plants, Bacteria, Protists

Photosynthesis

– Some ancient forms of bacteria can also use chemicals to make food (deep-sea vents) Chemosynthesis

Consumers

• Need to eat other organisms in order to survive.

• Cannot make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

4 types of Consumers

• 1. Carnivore– Eat only other consumers

• 2. Herbivore– Eat only plants

• 3. Omnivore– Eat both plants and animals

• 4. Decomposers– Eat dead organisms

Think, Pair, Share

• What category would the following organisms be classified under?

– Producer or Consumer– Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore, Detritovore

1. Human2. Horse3. Mouse4. Shark5. Fungus

Food Chains

• Show the feeding relationships between different organisms

Synonyms

• Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer– Are labeled in the order

in which the energy travels to them.

– These are called trophic (trow-fic) levels

• What trophic level is the mouse on?

• What two organisms are producers?

Food Webs

• A series of interconnected food chainsWhat would happen to the

population of spiders if the insect eating birds were removed from the food web?

Can you predict any other outcomes if the insect eating birds are removed?

Energy Flow

• Arrows are used in a food chain to show THE DIRECTION IN WHICH ENERGY IS MOVING!

Get ready to show me what you know!

Secret of the arrows

• If you know the secret, you can identify the trophic levels even if you don’t know the organisms.

Food Webs & Energy Flow: Secret of the arrows???

1. In this food chain, the spiders are —A producersB primary consumersC competitorsD secondary consumers

2. As energy flows from one trophic level to the next, how much energy is actually available for organisms at the next level?

A. 80%B. 5%C. 10%D. 100%

Trophic Levels

• Energy is always lost as it moves from one trophic level to the next.– Why would energy be lost as it moves

from producerconsumer?

• Energy is lost through heat during the chemical reactions that break food down

10% Rule Only 10% of energy is

available for organisms of the next trophic level.

This is also why there are more organisms on the lower levels of the energy pyramid and lower numbers of top consumers. There is more energy available at the bottom of the pyramid, less at the top.

Exit Ticket

• Label the top of your paper with the following:

– Your name and period– Exit Ticket

Warm-Up

• What did you eat for dinner last night?– Draw a food chain or web that shows

you at the top of the pyramid, and the sequence of organisms that the food you ate consumed.