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Please do the following• Take your seat right away!
• Open up your unipac to page 9.
• Turn off all electronic devices.
• Be ready to get started. I need all of the time today.
Thanks!!!!
World War I
U.S. Involvement1917-1919
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbggEGUaE28&feature=player_detailpage
I. Reasons to go to War in Europe:
Why go to war?• The U.S. doesn’t really have an issue
with anyone……at least at the start of the war.
• The U.S. tends to side with Great Britain and France due to past alliances.
• Great Britain works hard to gain American support.
• U.S. business and banks are providing economic support in the forms of goods and loans.
Drawn into the fight
• Sinking of the Lusitania.
• Zimmerman Telegraph.
• Public pressure.
• Protect business interests - capitalism.
Wilson asks for war.....
• Reluctant at first.”The world must be made safe for democracy…”
• April 2,1917 he asks Congress for a declaration of war.
• April 6, 1917 Congress gives approval for war.
Some are already at war.• American Volunteer Corps.• French Foreign Legion• Canadian Forces
II. American War Intervention and Strategy – John J. Pershing
“Lafayette, we are here.”
-J. Pershing.
Pershing Appointed by Wilson
• 1916 John J. Pershing is appointed by Wilson to lead the American Expeditionary Force (AEF).
• Pershing is the only qualified candidate
• America only has 370,000 trained and ready troops in April of 1917.
Strategy for success?
• Pershing stalls from June 1917 – October 1917.
• Will not commit doughboys to the French war effort.
• Needs time for trained soldiers to arrive in Europe.
New Recruits
War - A brand new ball game.
• Trench Warfare.
• Machine Gun/Artillery.
• Airplane.
• Chemical Warfare.
Trenches• Stalemate – when neither
side in a conflict can win.
• Impossible to gain ground.
• Dig in and hold out.
• What to do with the bodies?
Machine Gun and Long Range Artillery
“The Vickers”
Field Artillery
Airplane
Chemical Warfare
Soldiers in a blind line.Mustard Gas
Phosgene GasChloride Gas
Armistice is achieved• U.S. stops the advancing Germans in France –
Spring 1918.
• German lines have crumbled by October 1918.
• Armistice signed, and on the “11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month” – the fighting ends
• U.S. Stats. 126,000 killed / 234,000 wounded
before and after
French Village of Esnes
III. The Home FrontWhat was going on in the States?
Help out now!• Selective Service Act of 1917.
-All men between 21-30 years of age must sign up for military service.
• Conscription had never been required.
• This upset many Americans.
Government Organizes
-Loyalty Acts of 1917 – “ensures common goal.”
-Espionage Act *– punishment for helping the enemy.
-Sedition Act – prohibited speech against the Government – censure mail.
-Trading With the Enemy Act – limited commerce
*later challenged and upheld by the Supreme CourtSchneck v. United States (1919)
“clear and present danger”
Government Organizes (cont)
-War Industries Board (WIB) – Headed by Bernard Baruch (Wall Street Broker)
- Set prices.- Controlled the flow of raw materials.
Committee on Public Information (CPI) – Headed by George Creel (Journalist)
- Sell the war to America.- Distribute posters and pamphlets.
What about John Q. Public?
• Bonds
• Rations
• Daylight Savings
• “Victory Gardens”
