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Platyhelminths Trematoda (Flatworms) Flukes. Facts about Flukes. Flatworm unsegmented body No body cavity; nutrients diffuse across body surface =acoelomate >11,000 species Affect >300 million people each year (mostly in Africa and Asia) Most are obligate parasites - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PlatyhelminthsTrematoda (Flatworms)
Flukes
Flatworm unsegmented body No body cavity; nutrients diffuse across body surface
=acoelomate >11,000 species Affect >300 million people each year (mostly in Africa and Asia) Most are obligate parasites
Live in intestines, tissue, or blood Distinctive mouth part (sucker)
Intermediate stages are asexual whereas adults are either male or female
Complex life cycle
Facts about Flukes
1. Intestinal Fluke2. Liver Fluke- this species actually eats your
liver and blood causing problems with fat metabolism and systemic inflammation.
3. Blood Fluke- causes infection in the blood that can cause fever and also can spread throughout the bloodstream to affect other organs and glands of the body.
4. Lung Fluke
Different kinds of flukes
Responsible for Schistosomiasis
considered by WHO as the 2nd most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria)
the worms are not found in US >200 million people are
infected worldwide. one of the NTD Parasitic larvae live in certain
types of freshwater snails.
Shistosoma: Blood Flukes
Life Cycle Male and female adult
worms Eggs released in bladder
or intestines excreted w/ urine or
feces to fresh water Larvae pass through
intermediate host = snail Larvae can survive
outside snail for ~48 hrs 2nd larval stage
completed and parasite can directly penetrate skin of human host
Parasite mates in host Eggs are passed out
through urine or fecal matter
Where is it found?
Common Symptoms Symptoms are caused by the body’s reaction to the
eggs. Can cause inflammation and scarring of bladder or
intestines Within days of infection host may develop a rash or
itchy skin. Within 1-2 months of infection, symptoms may
develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches.
Symptoms
Chronic schistosomiasis Without treatment, schistosomiasis can
persist for years. Signs and symptoms of chronic schistosomiasis include:
abdominal painenlarged liverblood in the stool or blood in the urineproblems passing urine.
Chronic infection can also lead to increased risk of bladder cancer.
Rarely, eggs are found in the brain or spinal cord and can cause seizures, paralysis, or spinal cord inflammation.
Symptoms
No vaccine available Drink and bathe in fresh water that is not
contaminated Minimize intermediate host population
Difficult b/c harmful to other fresh water organisms Certain species of blood flukes can also infect cattle
Runoff into freshwater source can lead to further contamination
Prevention
Anti-parasitic medication Anti-inflammatory medication
Eradication efforts
Treatment