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8/18/2019 Platelets & Platelets Disorders.pptx
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ALEXANDERIA UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MEDICINEHEMATOLOGY DEP.
PRESENTATION:PLATELETS & PLATELETS
DISORDERS
AYMEN OMER
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PROTIENS
SIZE
OVERVIEW
HORMONES
ENZYMES
RECEPTORS
MEMBRANE
STRUCTURE
SHAPE
NO
P L A T E L E
T S
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PlateletS!all
"#a$%late
N'$($%)leate
#'%$ '# '*al
+ , - /$ /a!ete#
012222 , -122223!!4
l/5e 6a$ a*e#a"e 7(00 a8
Mea$ 6latelet *'l%!e '5 7 t'
9 .
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#'! '6' e $=THPO>Me"a6'/et/$MGDF
MPl l/"a$
?
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MG , 6'l86l'/ )ell 2(12 !/a!ete# Re6eate #'%$ '5
endomitosis —increasing rounds DNAdivision without cellular proliferation
La#"et )ell /$ t;e BM A
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#%)t%#e '5 6latelet
Granules
Golgi zone
Glycogen
Membrane
Open canalicular
system
Dense body in
granule
Densebody
Dense
tubular
System
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Microfilament
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St#%)t%#e '5 6latelet
Pla!a !e!
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T;e 6la!a !e!
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It / @ $! t;/) a$ )'$ta/$ l/6/
=6;'6;'l/6/ );'lete#'l a$
"l8)'l/6/>Ca#
P#'te/$ a$ "l8)'6#'te/$ .
O%t '5 all "l8)'6#'te/$ a$ 6;'6;'l/6/
a#e 5%$)t/'$all8 /!6'#ta$t.
A))ele#ate )l'tt/$" #ea)t/'$.
F'#! 6#e)%#'# 5'# t;#'!
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II , Platelet )8t'6la!
0( C'$t#a)t/le 6#'te/$
a)t/$ !8'/$t;#'!
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+( A elet'$ '5 !/)#'t%
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1( L8''!e )'$ta/$/$" ;8#'l8t/)e$8!e.
l8)'"e$ "#a$%le 5'# 6#'%)t/'$ '5 e$e#"8$ae#'
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( + t86e '5 "#a$%le
A> De$e"#a$%le
Al6;a "#a$%le
)'$ta/$ $'$(
6#'te/$ %
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Pla!a Me!
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W; t / W/ll < F t = WF>
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W;at / *'$ W/lle
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Pl t l t A; /
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Platelet A;e/'$A;e/'$ I$/t/al #e6'$e t' *eel Kall /$%#8I$e6e$e$t '5 6latelet a)t/*at/'$
Pa/*e =$' e$e#"8 #e%/#e> Does not
reuire !a2"
Me);a$/! '5 6latelet a;e/'$ EJ6'%#e '5
%
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Multistep Platelet Adhesion to Collagen
• I$%#e *a)%la# Kall *WF
a;e#e t' %
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Platelet Shape Change
• Platelet ;a6e );a$"e '))%#/!%lta$e'%l8 K/t; 6lateleta)t/*at/'$ Flatte$e /) 6/$86;e#e K/t; l'$" 6e%'6'6#'e)t/'$
•#eorgani$ation of proteins instructural $one %icrotu&ulescontract !oncentration oforganelles in center of cellclose to '!(
• I$)#eae 6latelet %#5a)e a#ea
–B/');e!/)al #ea)t/'$ %#/$";a6e );a$"e Me!
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Platelet Se)#et/'$Platelet e)#et/'$ ATP #e%/#e 5'#)e$t#al/at/'$ '5 '#"a$elle
Releae '5 "#a$%le )'$te$t /$t' OCSRe)#%/t!e$t a$ a)t/*at/'$ '5a/t/'$al 6latelet 5#'! t;e )/#)%lat/'$
Releae 6#'%)t 6#'!'te
e)'$a#8 ;e!'ta/ a$ #e6a/#ADP e#'t'$/$ 6latelet a)t/*at/'$Ca+Q a)t/*at/'$ ae!
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Platelet A""#e"at/'$
• Platelet a""#e"at/'$ /a
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Platelet Aggregation
A"'$/t !ollagen* throm&in*
arachidonic acid
St/!%late #eleae '5 a#a);/'$/) a)/5#'! !e!
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R'le '5 Platelet /$ A#te#/al T;#'!
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• Prostacyclin %PGI(' activates PGI(receptors on Platelets)
• his activation increases cAMP levelsand inhibits Platelet aggregation)
Ho-"""
cAMP inhibits release o+ A*P and .H+rom dense granules o+ Platelets)
A*P and .H is involved inPlatelet aggregation 0
T;e C8)l''J8"e$ae
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T;e C8)l''J8"e$ae=E/)'a$'/> Pat;Ka8 /$ t;eE$'t;el/al CellTXA+ t/!%late 6latelet
a""#e"at/'$
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• !hen the vessel -all is damaged,,,
•
1elease o+ these substances is impairedand subendothelial matri$ is e$posed)
• Platelets adhere to e$posed collagen via2( 34 and glycoprotein %GP'54 %receptor on
their sur+ace'
• Platelets adhere to von !illebrand +actor%present in subendothelial matri$' viaGPIb2 and GPIIb/IIIa %2IIb 3 6'
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• Adherent platelets undergo a changein shape
• Absence o+ Prostacyclin 7
cAMP
• Secretion A*P +rom their densegranules, and also there is synthesis
and release thrombo$ane A()
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• 1eleased A*P and thrombo$ane
A( are platelet agonists, activateambient platelets and recruitthem to the site o+ vascular
in8ury
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• *isruption o+ the vessel -all also e$poses tissue+actor% +actor 6' present in subendothelieal region
• issue +actor initiates coagulation)
• Also,,, the Activated platelets
potentiate coagulation by binding clotting +actors)
supports the assembly o+ activation comple$es)
• his -ill enhance thrombin generation)
T;
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T;#'!
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PA194 is the ma8or human platelet
receptorIt e$hibits 4
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A+ter 1ecruitment,
• *ivalent ?brinogen or multivalent v!@
molecules bridge ad8acent plateletstogether to +orm platelet aggregates)
•@ibrin strands then -eave theseaggregates together to +orm aplatelet/?brin !e;)
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Platelet 5%$)t/'$ aa8
•
EJ6'e 6latelet K/t;/$ )/t#ate K;'leK/t;/$ a )a6/lla#8 t%
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Platelet F%$)t/'$Tet/$"
PFA(022\ S8te!Cl/$/)al I$/)at/'$
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PFA-100 ® Platelet Function Analyzer
Trigger solution container
Soft keys
LCD screen
Built-In Printer
Carousel
Cassette
Test Cartridge
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PFA-100 ® Test Principle
before after
aperture
Ø15 !"
cup
Platelet
plug
#ilter
$epinep%rine
or &DP
flas%
'e'(rane
) !l
(lood
capillaryØ * !"
collagen
p + -, 'Bar
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%ig% s%ear rate
5 .s
%ig% s%ear rate
5 .s
PFA-100 ® Test Principle
PFA-100 ®
capillary *!'
/pinep%rineor
&DP 'e'(rane 0it%
platelet
on 2ille(rand #actor
eryt%rocyte
FLOW
collagen coating
To3 Pou4ol 6urden Paponneau et al7
In Vivo ae!ostasis
lu'en
fi(rinogen
platelet
collagen fi(rils
eryt%rocyte
on 2ille(rand#actor
endot%elial cell
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"ol#$pi "ol#A%P
&'() *1+,!. buffere/ o/iu! citrate
,0) "entral Interval *sec.223 (4 - 154 61 - 11(
88 *ade P@A94
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Platelet +unction assay
• C'lla"e$3e6/$e6;#/$e )l'%#et/!e =CEPI(CT>.
• A
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Pete);/ae 0(!!P%#6%#a !!(02 !!
E));8!'/ 02!!
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