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30.03.2004 2
Outline
IntroductionBASF & PlasticsWhat are the main mechanical properties?Plastics performance : costFillers – how they affect properties and cost in PPHigh performance fillers, e.g. glass fibres in PP, nylon and PBTConclusions
30.03.2004 3
BASF & Plastics
BASF is the world´s leading chemical company87,000 employeesChemicals, Plastics, Performance Products, Agricultural Products & Nutrition, Oil & GasTurnover 33.4 Billion Euros~26 % of that is PlasticsPlastics are: PS, HIPS, SAN, ABS, ASA, MABS, ABS/PA, SBS, PA6, PA6,6, POM, PBT, PSU, PES, PUR (PE, PP & PVC)
30.03.2004 5
Tensile Testing
Stre
ss o
r Fo
rce
(MPa
)
Strain or elongation (%)
Increasing temperatureLower testing speed
Plasticiser addedBrittle failure
Ductile failure
Break orultimate
Yield
Energy to break
30.03.2004 6
Modulus : Materials cost
SAN
PSPET
PC
ABS POM
HIPS
PP-h
HDPEPP-c
LDPE
PA6
PVC
PMMA
PA6,6
PBT
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GPa
)
30.03.2004 7
Strength : Materials cost
PBTPA6,6
PVC
SAN
PS
PET PC
ABS
POM
HIPSPP-h
HDPEPP-c
LDPE
PA6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
(MPa
)
PMMA
30.03.2004 8
HDT : Materials cost
PA6
LDPE
PP-c
HDPE
PP-hHIPS
POM
ABS
PC
PETPS SAN
PVCPBT
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)
HD
T 1.
8 M
Pa (°
C)
PMMA
PA 6,6
30.03.2004 9
Impact : Materials cost
CAP
PMMA
ASA
ABS/PC
MABS
PVC
SANPS
PET
PC
ABS
POM
HIPS
PP-h
HDPEPP-c
LDPE
PA6
PBT
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50Price of Material (€ / litre)
Not
ched
Cha
rpy
Impa
ct (k
J/m
²)
PA
ABS/PA
30.03.2004 11
Modulus change with Fillers
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)
Mod
ulus
(GPa
)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclayWollastonite
30.03.2004 12
Strength change with Fillers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)
Yiel
d St
ress
(MPa
)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreNanoclayWollastonite
30.03.2004 13
HDT change with Fillers
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35Filler Volume (%)
HD
T 1.
8 M
Pa (°
C)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastonite
30.03.2004 14
Impact change with Fillers
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
0 5 10 15 20 25Filler Volume (%)
Not
ched
Cha
rpy
Impa
ct (k
J/m
²)
Glass FibreMineral FibreMicaTalcCaCO3Wood FibreWollastonite
30.03.2004 16
Composite versus PlasticModulus & Cost
SANPS PET
PCABS
POM
HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-cLDPE
PA6
PA6,6
PBTPMMA
PVC
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GPa
)
PP GFPA6,6 GFPBT GFPP ChalkPP TalcPP MicaPP Mineral Fibre
30.03.2004 17
Composite versus PlasticTensile yield strength & Cost
PVC
PMMA
PBTPA6,6PA6
LDPEPP-c HDPE
PP-hHIPS
POM
ABS
PCPETPS
SAN
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
(MPa
)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 18
Composite versus PlasticHDT & Cost
PVC
PMMA
PBT
PA6,6
PA6
LDPE
PP-cHDPE
PP-h HIPS
POMABS
PC
PETPS SAN
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)
HD
T 1.
8 M
Pa (°
C)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 19
Composite versus PlasticImpact resistance & Cost
SANPS
PET
PC
ABS
POM
HIPS
PP-hHDPE
PP-c
LDPE
PA6PA6,6
PBT
PMMA
PVC
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00Cost of Material (€ / litre)
Not
ched
Cha
rpy
Impa
ct (k
J/m
²)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 21
Composite versus PlasticModulus & Density
SANPS PET
PCABSPOM
HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-c
LDPE
PA6PA6,6
PBT
PMMA
PVC
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)
Mod
ulus
(GPa
)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 22
Composite versus PlasticTensile yield strength & Density
PVC
PMMA
PBTPA6,6PA6
LDPEPP-c
HDPEPP-h
HIPS
POM
ABSPC PET
PS
SAN
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)
Tens
ile S
tren
gth
(MPa
)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 23
Composite versus PlasticHDT & Density
SANPS PET
PC
ABS
POM
HIPSPP-hHDPEPP-c
LDPE
PA6PA6,6
PBT
PMMA
PVC
0
50
100
150
200
250
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60Density of Material (kg / litre)
HD
T 1.
8 M
Pa (°
C)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 24
Composite versus PlasticImpact resistance & Density
PVC
PMMA
PBT
PA6,6PA6
LDPE
PP-cHDPE
PP-h HIPS
POM
ABS
PC
PET
PS SAN
ASA
ABS/PA
ABS/PC
MABS
CAP
ASA/PC
0
10
20
30
40
50
0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50Density of Material (kg / litre)
Not
ched
Cha
rpy
Impa
ct (k
J/m
²)
PP GF
PA6,6 GF
PBT GF
30.03.2004 25
Conclusions
Main mechanical properties are modulus, strength, HDT and impact resistanceThermoplastics cover a wide range of performance and priceFiller can be used to alter propertiesFillers impart properties not attainable in the unfilled plasticsFillers give the best balance of performance and materials costFillers give the best performance for a given weight