PLASMONICS… THE NEXT CHIP-SCALE

TECHNOLOGY

BY : RADHE BIHARI UPADHYAY 1RC07EC082

Under the guidance of : Ms. ASWINI.B Lec . Dept . of ECE

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. PLASMONS. GENERATION OF PLASMONS. COMPONENTS OF PLASMONICS. LIMITATION OF ELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS. PLASMONICS CAN BRIDGE PHOTONICS &

ELECTRONICS. COMMUNICATION WITH PLASMONICS. APPLICATIONS. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES. FUTURE DIRECTIONS. CHALLENGES REMAINING. CONCLUSION.

INTRODUCTION The interaction of light with matters in nano-structured metallic structure has led

a new branch of photonics called “PLASMONICS” This the technology in

which confinement of light occurs. Derived from plasmons,

whose freq. equal to light. It is beyond the diffraction Limit. Plasmonics circuit offers the potential

to carry optical signal & electric

current through the same metal circuitry. Hence it combine the superior technical

Advantages of photonics & electronics

on the same chip.

Practical visualization of

plasmons

PLASMONS A plasmon is a density wave in an electron

gas, which is analogous to a sound wave. Plasmons exist mainly in metals,

where electrons weakly bound and free to room.

It is a collective wave where billions of electrons oscillate in synchronization. Plasmons can travel along

nano-scale wires. They can transfer information

with high bit rate.

GENERATION OF PLASMONS Plasmons are generated at the metal-dielectric

interface. Electron cloud shifting occurs. Charge density waves are generated at the

plasma frequency. The waves are localized in a certain region.

Fig: Electron cloud shifting

Cont..

SPP are nothing but electromagnetic waves that propagates along a metal-dieletric interface .

Fig : A SPP propagating along a metal-dielectric interface.

COMPONENTS OF PLASMONICS

Surface plasmon polaritons – They are surface em waves that propagate in direction parallel to metal-dielectric interface.

Localized surface plasmons – They are collective electron charge oscillations in metallic nano-particles excited by light.

LIMITATION OF ELECTRONICS

When the frequency of electronics pulses

increases,the electronic device become hot

and wire become very loose.

Large amount of data can not be transferred.

When the size of electronic wire reduces its

resistance increases, but capacitance remain

same, this leads to time delay effects.

LIMITATION OF PHOTONICS

Optical fibers are used.

The size of optical fiber is in the

order of 100’s of nanometer due to

diffraction limit.

Huge amount of data can not be

sent along with miniaturization.

PLASMONICS CAN BRIDGE PHOTONICS & ELECTRONICS Metal nano - structure have a unique ability to

concentrate light into nano – scale volumes.

The field concentrating

abilities of optical antenna

may serve to bridge

large gap between

Photonics and Electronics devices.Fig: Nanoscale Antenna

PLASMON ENHANCED PHOTONICS

Investigation of specific plasmon enhancing structures for emitters and detectors, along

with an investigation of the technologies to implement them.

Achieve a proof of concept of plasmon enhanced

photonics devices in 2 applications:(a) Inorganic LEDs: enhancing electrical to optical energy conversion.(b) Silicon photo-detectors: Improving signal-to

noise ratio and increasing speed.

COMMUNICATION WITH PLASMONICS

Huge control over electromagnetic wave

at nano–scale.

The EM field of the EM wave displays the

electron cloud due to its well coupling.

Surface plasmons generated at the

metal –dielectric interface cloud allows

plasmons travel along nano-scale wire .

APPLICATION Bio-imaging.

Near-field optical microscope.

Lithography.

Nano antenna.

Nanolaser (field enhancement)

Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence.

Solar cells.

Cont…

Waveguiding using plasmonics (for high

density integration) has no clear future

unless

the loss problem is solved

Field enhancement with pasmonics (PV, LED,

detector, small laser, etc ) has a better

future

GRAPHENE (Appl..)

A single layer of carbon as a honeycomb pattern.

By putting closely spaced nano-scale metallic wire, it can be a part of plasmonics system.

It can be used for

high speed optical

communication.

It can be used in

solar cell.

It can be used in

photo-detectors.

What Is : Use :

Structure of Graphene

Cure For Cancer (Appl..)

Plasmonic therapy is used for curing cancer.

Nanoshells tends to embed in the tissues of the tumor instead of other cells.

An infra-red light is then shone on to the tumor.

The cancer tissues heats-up, where the photo thermal energy kills the cancer cells.

Plasmonic Therapy

FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OF INVISIBILITY

Surrounding an object with a material having the right kind of dielectric properties (negative refractive index) can make the object invisible.

A. The black disc blocks the light coming from the left and reflects it back, leaving a shadow towards the right (green/yellow).

B. The surrounding ring of cloaking material guides the light around the disc and thereby fills in the shadow.

ADVANTAGES Plasmonics wave propagate

without loss at Thz frequency. It can use the advantage of

photonics & electronics. It has huge control over

electromagnetic wave at nano - scale.

DISADVANTAGES

Inherent absorption losses.

Plasmons tends to decipate only after few millimeters of propagation.

FUTURE DIRECTION

To develop new optical components and systems that are of same size as today smallest integrated chips.

Plasmons sources,detectors and wires as well as splitters can be developed.

CHALLENGES REMAINING

How can be plasmons be efficiently excited with nanoscale resolution?

What are the fundamental processes that determine the losses of surface plasmon polaritons?

CONCLUSION Potential to enhance the processing

speed of future integrated circuit. In the past devices were relatively

slow and bulky. The semiconductor industry has perform an incredible job in scaling electronic device to nano-scale dimension.

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