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CHAPTER 29, 30 & 35-39 REVIEW

bryophytes vs. tracheophytes

what are the ancestors of plants? why are they considered the ancestors of

plants?

adaptations for land

heterospory

defining characteristics of land plants

alternation of generations

why are angiosperms the most successful land plants?

why double fertilization?

advantage of seeds?

how do ferns reproduce?

how do mosses reproduce?

how do pine trees reproduce?

how do flowering plants reproduce? vascular tissue

xylem vs. phloem

taproots vs. fibrous roots

monocots vs. dicots

differences in root and leaf structure

cell types (mesophyll, sieve-tube members, vessel elements, companion cells,

guard cells, etc.)

stomata how do they open and close

adaptations to reduce water loss in arid environments

apical dominance apical meristem vs. lateral meristem

know the parts of a growing root (zones)

hydrophytes

guttation

cavitation

source to sink?

transpiration

how does water move through a plant?

water potential where is it lowest

epiphytes

carnivorous plants

parasitic plants

most of a plants dry weight comes from?

legumes

Rhizobium?

parts of a developing seed (radicle, cotyledon, etc.)

carpellate flowers


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incomplete vs. complete flowers

perfect vs. imperfect flowers

self-incompatibility

know the plant hormones and their function

know the tropisms

day-neutral, long-day and short-day plants

1. Which of the following is primarily responsible for fruit ripening in plants?

a. Ethyleneb. Auxin

c. Gibberellins

d. Abscissic acide. Brassinosteroids

2. Which of the following processes is responsible for the bending of the stem of a

plant toward a light source?

a. The amount of chlorophyll produced on the side facing the light increases.b. Cell division on the side facing the light increases in speed.

c. Cell division on the side away from the light increases in speed.d. The cells on the side of the stem facing the light elongate.

e. The cells on the side of the stem away from the light elongate.

3. The driving force for the movement of materials in the xylem of plants is

a. gravity

b. root pressurec. transpiration

d. the difference in osmotic pressure between the source and the sink

e. osmosis

4. The loss of leaves that some plants experience due to the onset of autumn is a

result of which hormone?

a. Auxinb. Gibberellic acid

c. Cytokinin

d. Ethylenee. Abscisic acid

5. In plants that exhibit an alternation of generations in their life cycle, which of the

following is the reason why the sporophyte stage is said to be the dominantphase?

a. The gametophyte stage lasts longer than the sporophyte stage.

b. The sporophyte stage lasts longer than the gametophyte stage.c. The sporophyte is the form of the plant that is independent and

conspicuous.

d. The gametophyte is the form of the plant that is independent andconspicuous.


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e. The sporophyte bears a reproductive structure.

6. In plants, translocation occurs as a result ofa. a difference in water potential between a sugar source and a sugar sink

b. transpiration

c. cohesion-adhesiond. active transport by sieve-tube members

e. active transport by tracheid and vessel cells

For questions 7-11 use the following hormones:

a. abscissic acid

b. auxin

c. cytokininsd. ethylene

e. gibberellins

7. Produced in the roots and affects root growth and differentiation.8. Produced in tissues of ripening fruits and affects leaf abscission.

9. Produced in the meristems of buds and roots, promotes seed and bud germination.10. Produced in the leaves, stems, and roots and inhibits growth and closes stomata

during drought.

11. Produced in seed embryo and apical meristems, stimulates stem elongation and

root growth.

12. Fibrous root systems consist of a network of thin roots that spread out beneath the

surface of the soil. Which of the following is the correct name for a system ofroots that grows in one large vertical root with smaller lateral offshoots?

a. tuberoot

b. taprootc. toproot

d. stabroot

e. bladeroot

13. The three types of plant tissue, in order from the outside of the plant to the inside

of the plant, are

a. vascular, ground, dermalb. vascular, dermal, ground

c. ground, vascular, dermal

d. ground, dermal, vasculare. dermal, ground, vascular

14. A plant whose life span occurs over the course of two years is known as a(n)a. annual

b. diannual

c. biannual

d. perennial


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e. seasonal

15. The region of the plant in which the parenchyma cells are located that areinvolved in photosynthesis is called

a. Spongeophyll

b. Mesophyllc. Epidermis

d. Xylem

e. Phloem

16. In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP takes place in the mitochondria

and which of the following other cell organelles?

a. Chloroplastsb. Golgi apparatus

c. Nucleus

d. Ribosomes

e. Lysosomes

17. All of the following enhance the uptake of water by a plants roots EXCEPTa. root hairs

b. the large surface area of cortical cells

c. mycorrhizae

d. the attraction of water and dissolved minerals to root hairse. gravitational force

18. All of the following contribute to the closing of stomata during the day EXCEPTa. water deficiency

b. wilting

c. high temperaturesd. excessive rainfall

e. excessive transpiration

19. Which of the following constitute macronutrients, elements needed by the plant in

relatively large amounts?

a. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

b. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorinec. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and iron

d. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and zinc

e. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and copper

20. Which term describes the symbiotic relationship between the roots of legumes

and fungi?a. Bacterioids

b. Rhizobium

c. Humus

d. Lichen


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e. Mycorrhizae

21. Which of the following terms describes a species of plant that has male andfemale reproductive systems on the same individual plant?

a. Deciduous

b. Monoeciousc. Dioecious

d. Dihybrid

e. Monohybrid

22. The point of attachment of a plant leaf and stem is called the

a. carpal

b. petiolec. blade

d. internode

e. axillary attachment

23. Which of the following is dead at functional maturity?

a. Companion cellb. Guard cell

c. Palisade mesophyll

d. Sieve-tube members

e. Vessel member

24. Most growth takes place in terminal shoots and roots in

a. the zone of cell divisionb. the zone of elongation

c. the zone of maturation

d. meristematic cellse. vascular cambium

25. A plant with a fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation and a seed with asingle cotyledon is probably a

a. corn plant

b. fern

c. fir treed. pine tree

e. pea plant

26. All of the following are true about the vascular cambium EXCEPT:

a. It increases the girth of plants.

b. It produces secondary xylem.c. It produces secondary phloem.

d. It produces bark in woody plants.

e. It occurs in the stem and in the root.


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27. Root hairs occur on

a. epidermal cells in the zone of cell divisionb. epidermal cells in the zone of maturation

c. parenchyma cells in the zone of elongation

d. parenchyma cells in the zone of maturatione. cells of the root cap

28. A tree was girdled by completely removing a ring of bark from its entirecircumference to a depth to, but not including, the sapwood. This would most

likely result in an inability to

a. transport water to leaves

b. transport water to rootsc. transport carbohydrates to roots

d. carry on photosynthesis

e. obtain water from the surrounding soil

29. Which of the following contributes most to the movement of water through

xylem?a. Capillary action

b. Carbohydrate utilization in cells that act as sinks

c. Plasmodesmata in sieve plates

d. Root pressuree. Transpiration

30. All of the following contribute to flowering mechanisms EXCEPT:a. photoperiodism

b. phytochrome

c. length of night or day lightd. chlorophyll

e. florigen

31. During the middle of the night, a flowering plant was exposed to a sequence of

red and far-red light in the following order: red, far-red, red. All of the following

are true EXCEPT:

a. The active form of phytochrome is Pfr.b. High levels of Pfr would exist at the end of the sequence.

c. Low levels of Pr would exist at the end of the sequence.

d. In short-day plants, flowering would be induced.e. In day-neutral plants, flowering would not be affected.

32. All of the following are found in both roots and stems EXCEPT:a. casparain strip

b. primary phloem

c. primary xylem

d. secondary xylem


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e. vascular cambium

33. When stomata are open in C3 plants, one would likely finda. it is night

b. the guard cells are relaxed

c. the environment is excessively hot and dryd. a low concentration of K+ in the guard cells

e. low CO2 levels in the leaf

34. Ripening of fruit is promoted by

a. Abscisic acid

b. Cytokinins

c. Ethylened. Gibberellins

e. Indoleacetic acid

35. All of the following occur in a phototropic response EXCEPT:a. Shoots bend toward light

b. Auxin is produced at the shoot tip and diffuses down the stemc. Auxin accumulates on the shady side of the shoot

d. Auxin transport is unidirectional

e. The movement of auxin down a stem is by active transport.

36. A major change that occurred in the evolution of plants from their algal ancestors

was the origin of a multicellular diploid stage. What advantage would

multicellularity provide in this stage of the life cycle?a. enhanced potential for independence of the diploid stage from the haploid

stage

b. increased spore production from each fertilization eventc. increased fertilization rate

d. increased size of the diploid stage

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