Plants of the Credit River Watershed

Plants of the Credit River Watershed

2002


A vascular plant flora has been compiled for the Region of Peel and the Credit River watershed, based largely on an updating of the Peel County flora published by Jocelyn Webber in 1984. Published floras for jurisdictions adjacent to Peel, including the Regional Municipality of Halton (Crins, 1986) and Wellington County (Stroud, 1941) were examined for relevant records within the Credit River watershed and a large number of naturalists and botanical specialists were consulted to identify additional data and records of vascular plants in the areas under consideration. A total of 1205 vascular plant species were identified as growing outside cultivation in the jurisdiction of the Credit Valley Conservation (CVC). In these local floras, 780 are native species in the CVC within the Credit River watershed, two vascular plants have been designated species of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and a pondweed (Potamogeton hillii). Fifteen (15) species within the Credit River watershed are considered provincially rare by the Ministry of Natural Resources. A relatively large proportion of the native species, in total 335 species, are considered rare in the Greater Toronto Area while 402 are rare within the watershed. The following tables summarize the vascular plant flora in the Credit River watershed and Peel Region and their status.

Key to Cover 1. marsh marigold 2. white trilliums 3. pitcher plant 4. American elm 5. eastern white

cedar

6. field thistle 7. fiddleheads 8. coniferous

swamp 9. white water lily 10. highbush

cranberry

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NTS

The following definitions have been provided to help better understand the information contained in the tables of vascular plants for the watershed.

G-Rank

A network of natural heritage programs, scientific experts and The Nature Conservancy develops G-Rank or global ranks. The ranking is based on the range-wide status of a species, subspecies or variety.

Codes G1 Extremely Rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the overall range or very few

remaining individuals; or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction.

G2 Very Rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences in the overall range or with many individuals in fewer occurrences; or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to extinction.

G3 Rare to uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences; may have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances.

G4 Common; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats.

G5 Very common; demonstrable secure under present conditions. GU Status uncertain; often because of low search efforts or cryptic nature of the

species; more data needed. G? Unranked; or, if following a ranking, rank tentatively assigned (e.g. G3?) G A “G” (or “T”) followed by a blank space means that the NHIC has not yet

obtained the Global Rank from the Nature Conservancy. Q Denotes that the taxonomic status of the species, subspecies, or variety is

questionable. T Denotes that the rank applies to a subspecies or variety.

S-Rank S-Rank - are provincial ranks (or Sub national ranks) that are used by the Natural Heritage Information Centre to set protection priorities for rare species and natural communities. The ranks are assigned based upon recent records.

Codes S1 Extremely Rare; usually 5 or fewer occurrences in the province or very few

remaining individuals; often especially vulnerable to extirpation. S2 Very Rare; usually between 5 and 20 occurrences in the province or with many

individuals in fewer occurrences; often susceptible to extirpation. S3 Rare to Uncommon; usually between 20 and 100 occurrences in the province;

may have fewer occurrences, but with a large number of individuals in some populations; may be susceptible to large-scale disturbances.

S4 Common; usually more than 100 occurrences; usually not susceptible to immediate threats.

S5 Very Common; demonstrably secure under present conditions. SE Exotic. Not believed to be a part of Ontario’s natural flora. SH Historical; of only historical occurrence in the province (no occurrences

verified in the past 20 years), but with expectation that it may still be extant. C Captive/Cultivated; existing in the province only in a cultivated state;

introduced population may not yet be fully established.

The provincial ranking, the “S-Rank,” is an estimate of the abundance for each plant and should not be confused with the rarity designation, although there is a relationship between the two. As presently treated, any plant with an S-Rank of S1, S2 or S3 is designated provincially rare.

Rarity Codes

KEY TO TABLES

COSEWIC Status assigned by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, following the 1996 COSEWIC List.

Codes

END Endangered - any indigenous species of fauna or flora threatened with imminent extinction or extirpation throughout all or a significant portion of its Canadian range.

THR Threatened -any indigenous species of fauna or flora that is likely to become endangered if the factors affecting its vulnerability do not become reversed.

VUL Vulnerable - any indigenous species of fauna or flora that is particularly at risk because of low or declining numbers, occurrence at the fringe of its range or in restricted areas or for some other reason, but is not a threatened species.

NAR Not At Risk - the status has been reviewed and the species is not threatened.

Prov Status

Rare Any plant species with an S-Rank of S1, S2 or S3.

GTA Status

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 40 locations in the Greater Toronto Area (location is defined by an exclusion zone with a 1km radius around each known location for a given species.)

Peel Status

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 11 locations Peel.

Credit Watershed Status

Rare A species that occurs at fewer than 11 locations in the watershed or fewer than 6 locations in the Region of Halton.

Non-Native Status Yes Species is non-native; it has been introduced to the Credit River watershed No Species is native to the Credit River watershed

Peel Region

Yes Species is found within Peel Region No Species is not found within the Peel Region

CVC

Yes Species is found within the Credit River watershed boundary (i.e. CVC jurisdiction.)

No Species is not found within the Credit River watershed boundary (i.e. CVC jurisdiction.)


water-shield Brasenia schreberi G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nowater arum Calla palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yesmarsh water-starwort Callitriche palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon coontail Ceratophyllum demersum G5 S5 rare No Yes YesCanada waterweed Elodea canadensis G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswater star-grass Heteranthera dubia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Zosterella dubiamare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon duckweed Lemna minor G5 S5 No Yes Yesstar duckweed Lemna trisulca G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesnorthern water-milfoil Myriophyllum sibiricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Myriophyllum exalbescensEurasian water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswhorled water-milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesslender naiad Najas flexilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessmall-leaved water cress Nasturtium microphyllum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow water-lily Nuphar variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswhite water-lily Nymphaea odorata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Nymphaea tuberosawater smartweed Polygonum amphibium G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Polygonum coccineum, Polygonum natanslarge-leaved pondweed Potamogeton amplifolius G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nonarrow-leaved pondweed Potamogeton berchtoldii G? S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Potamogeton pusillus var. tenuissimuscurly-leaved pondweed Potamogeton crispus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesribbonleaf pondweed Potamogeton epihydrus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907leafy pondweed Potamogeton foliosus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesvariable-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesHill's pondweed Potamogeton hillii G3 S2 vulnerable rare rare rare No Yes YesIllinois pondweed Potamogeton illinoensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesfloating pondweed Potamogeton natans G5 S5 No Yes Yesknotty pondweed Potamogeton nodosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus G5 S5 No Yes Yeswhite-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton praelongus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Nosmall pondweed Potamogeton pusillus var. pusillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1895Richardson's pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesspiral pondweed Potamogeton spirillus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1895flat-stemmed pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswhite water crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus G5T S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus longirostrisarrowhead Sagittaria cuneata G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Nograss-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria graminea var. graminea G5T5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbroad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yessessile-fruited arrowhead Sagittaria rigida G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesgreater duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza G5 S5 No Yes Yesflat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Nosmall bladderwort Utricularia minor G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nocommon bladderwort Utricularia vulgaris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswatermeal Wolffia arrhiza G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia columbianacommon watermeal Wolffia borealis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Wolffia punctata

aquatic forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant living or growing in water.

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Credit Valley Conservation Page 1



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horned pondweed Zannichellia palustris G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum G5 S5 No Yes Yesebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Alternative name author - (L.) Oakes ex D.Eatonwalking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Camptosorus rhizophyllushart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum G5T3 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Phyllitis scolopendriummaidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes G4G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yesgreen spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Asplenium viridelady fern Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium angustumcut-leaved grape fern Botrychium dissectum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum, narrow-leaved moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum G5T4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1924daisy-leaf grape fern Botrychium matricariifolium G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesleathery grape fern Botrychium multifidum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesleast moonwort Botrychium simplex G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yesrattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yesslender cliff-brake Cryptogramma stelleri G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbulblet fern Cystopteris bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes YesMackay's fragile fern Cystopteris tenuis G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayihay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessilvery glade fern Deparia acrostichoides G5 S4 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium thelypterioidesglade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Athyrium pycnocarponspinulose woodfern Dryopteris carthusiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Drypoteris spinulosaClinton's woodfern Dryopteris clintoniana G5 S4 rare No Yes Yescrested woodfern Dryopteris cristata G5 S5 No Yes Yesmale fern Dryopteris filix-mas G5 S4 rare rare No No YesGoldie's fern Dryopteris goldiana G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesevergreen woodfern Dryopteris intermedia G5 S5 No Yes Yesmarginal woodfern Dryopteris marginalis G5 S5 No Yes Yeshybrid woodfern Dryopteris x boottii HYB S2 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris cristata x Dryopteris intermediatriploid woodfern Dryopteris x triploidea HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris intermediahybrid woodfern Dryopteris x uliginosa HYB S2? No Yes Yes = Dryopteris carthusiana x Dryopteris cristataoak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yeswater-clover Marsilea quadrifolia G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yesostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris G5 S5 No Yes Yessensitive fern Onoclea sensibilis G5 S5 No Yes Yesnorthern adder's-tongue Ophioglossum pusillum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Ophioglossum vulgatum of ON reportscinnamon fern Osmunda cinnamomea G5 S5 No Yes Yesinterrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesroyal fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yessmooth cliff-brake Pellaea glabella ssp. glabella G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesnorthern beech fern Phegopteris connectilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Thelypteris phegopterisrock polypody Polypodium virginianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Polypodium vulgare var. virginianumChristmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides G5 S5 No Yes YesBracken Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum G5 S5 No Yes YesNew York fern Thelypteris noveboracensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes

ferns A plant with leaf-like fronds that reproduces using spores.




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marsh fern Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens G5 S5 No Yes YesVirginia chain-fern Woodwardia virginica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

crowfoot clubmoss Diphasiastrum digitatum G5 S5 No Yes YesSynonyms: Lycopodium digitatum, Lycopodium flabelliforme

field horsetail Equisetum arvense G5 S5 No Yes Yeswater horsetail Equisetum fluviatile G5 S5 rare No Yes Yescommon scouring-rush Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine G5T5 S5 No Yes Yessmooth scouring-rush Equisetum laevigatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesmarsh horsetail Equisetum palustre G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesmeadow horsetail Equisetum pratense G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesdwarf scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswoodland horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesvariegated scouring-rush Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesshining clubmoss Huperzia lucidula G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopodium lucidulumstiff clubmoss Lycopodium annotinum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrunning clubmoss Lycopodium clavatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesround-branched clubmoss Lycopodium dendroideum G5 S5 No Yes Yesground-pine Lycopodium obscurum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

meadow spikemoss Selaginella eclipes G4 S4 rare rare No Yes YesSynonyms: Selaginella apus, Selaginella apoda / Historic record - 1945

velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrasti G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesthree-seeded mercury Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Acalypha rhomboideacommon yarrow Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium G5T? SE? Yes Yes Yessweet flag Acorus americanus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Acorus calamus of PCFdoll's-eyes Actaea pachypoda G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Actaea albabaneberry Actaea rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yeshybrid baneberry Actaea x ludovici HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Actaea pachypoda x Actaea rubragoutweed Aegopodium podagraria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala G5 S5 No Yes Yescorn-cockle Agrostemma githago G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910creeping bugleweed Ajuga reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes Yeshollyhock Alcea rosea GU SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Althaea rosea

common water-plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica G5 S5 No Yes YesSynonyms: Alisma parviflorum, Alisma subcordatum, Alisma triviale

garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata G5 SE5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Alliaria officinalischives Allium schoenoprasum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yeswild leek Allium tricoccum G5 S5 No Yes Yesyellow alyssum Alyssum alyssoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yestumble pigweed Amaranthus albus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesprostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides G? SE4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Amaranthus graecizans of ON reportssmooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus G? SE5? Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889green pigweed Amaranthus powellii G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes

forbs A non-woody, broad-leaved plant or herb.

fern allies A plant that reproduces using spores that do not have fronds, including clubmosses and horsetails.




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redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yesgiant ragweed Ambrosia trifida G5 S5 No Yes Yeshog-peanut Amphicarpaea bracteata G5 S5 No Yes Yesscarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis G? SE4 Yes Yes Yespearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea G5 S5 No Yes Yessmall bugloss Anchusa arvensis G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycopsis arvensis / Historic record - 1912fairy-bells Androsace septentrionalis G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Nosharp-lobed hepatica Anemone acutiloba G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica acutilobaround-lobed hepatica Anemone americana G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hepatica americanaCanada anemone Anemone canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesthimbleweed Anemone cylindrica G5 S4 rare No Yes Nocut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida var. multifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nowood anemone Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia G5 S5 No Yes YesVirginia thimbleweed Anemone virginiana var. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Anemone ripariapurple-stemmed angelica Angelica atropurpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfield pussytoes Antennaria neglecta G5 S5 No Yes Yesplantain-leaved pussytoes Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Antennaria plantaginifoliacorn chamomille Anthemis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesstinking mayweed Anthemis cotula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow chamomille Anthemis tinctoria G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeswild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris G? SE4? Yes Yes Yesground-nut Apios americana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesspreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium ssp. androsaemifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yesindian-hemp Apocynum cannabinum var. cannabinum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Apocynum sibiricumwild columbine Aquilegia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean columbine Aquilegia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesmouse-ear cress Arabidopsis thaliana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesalpine rockcress Arabis alpina ssp. caucasica G5T? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis caucasicasicklepod Arabis canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1938tower mustard Arabis glabra G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshairy rockcress Arabis hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Arabis pycnocarpasmooth rockcress Arabis laevigata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yesspikenard Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesdwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907great burdock Arctium lappa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon burdock Arctium minus ssp. minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesthyme-leaved sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesdragon's-mouth Arethusa bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Arisaema atrorubens

horseradish Armoracia rusticana G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Armoracia lapathifolia / Historic record - 1927southern wormwood Artemisia abrotanum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1891absinth Artemisia absinthium G? SE3? Yes Yes No Historic record - 1906




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sweet wormwood Artemisia annua G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1911biennial wormwood Artemisia biennis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yestall wormwood Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Artemisia caudatawestern mugwort Artemisia ludoviciana G5 S4? Yes Yes YesRoman wormweed Artemisia pontica G? SE2? Yes Yes Nocommon mugwort Artemisia vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesgoat's-beard Aruncus dioicus G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yeswild ginger Asarum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yespoke milkweed Asclepias exaltata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesswamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata ssp. incarnata G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon milkweed Asclepias syriaca G5 S5 No Yes Yesbutterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1932asparagus Asparagus officinalis G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbog aster Aster borealis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrayless aster Aster brachyactis G5 S3? Yes Yes Yesheart-leaved aster Aster cordifolius G5 S5 No Yes Yesheath aster Aster ericoides ssp. ericoides G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus ericoidespanicled aster Aster lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster simplexcalico aster Aster lateriflorus var. lateriflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yeslarge-leaved aster Aster macrophyllus G5 S5 No Yes YesNew England aster Aster novae-angliae G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Virgulus novae-angliaeazure aster Aster oolentangiensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster azureuswhite heath aster Aster pilosus var. pilosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yespurple-stemmed aster Aster puniceus var. puniceus G5 S5 No Yes Yesflat-topped aster Aster umbellatus var. umbellatus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesarrow-leaved aster Aster urophyllus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Aster sagittifolius

amethyst aster Aster x amethystinus HYB SE? No Yes Yes= Aster ericoides x Aster novae-angliae / Synonym: Virgulus x amethystinus

Canada milkvetch Astragalus canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesCooper's milkvetch Astragalus neglectus G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Astragalus cooperispearscale Atriplex patula G5 S5 No Yes Yes

spear-leaved spearscale Atriplex prostrata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Atriplex hastata, Atriplex patula var. hastatayellow false foxglove Aureolaria flava G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes

costmary Balsamita major G5 SE5 Yes Yes NoSynonym: Chrysanthemum balsamita / Historic record - 1936

blue wild indigo Baptisia australis G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yescommon winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes YesEnglish daisy Bellis perennis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeshoary alyssum Berteroa incana G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesnodding beggar-ticks Bidens cernua G5 S5 No Yes Yessmall beggar-ticks Bidens discoidea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesdevil's beggar-ticks Bidens frondosa G5 S5 No Yes Yesthree-parted beggar-ticks Bidens tripartita G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Bidens connatatall beggar-ticks Bidens vulgata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes




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false nettle Boehmeria cylindrica G5 S5 No Yes Yesindian mustard Brassica juncea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesblack mustard Brassica nigra G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswild turnip Brassica rapa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesflowering-rush Butomus umbellatus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yessea rocket Cakile edentula G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yescatnip-thyme Calamintha nepeta NR NR Yes Yes Yesgrass pink Calopogon tuberosus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1940marsh-marigold Caltha palustris G5 S5 No Yes Yeshedge bindweed Calystegia sepium ssp. americanum G4G5 SU No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus sepiumlow bindweed Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea G4G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Convolvulus spithamaeussmall-seeded false flax Camelina microcarpa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmarsh bellflower Campanula aparinoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Campanula uliginosacreeping bellflower Campanula rapunculoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesharebell Campanula rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesnettle-leaved bellflower Campanula trachelium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeshemp Cannabis sativa G5 S1 Yes Yes Yesshepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbulbous cress Cardamine bulbosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1927cut-leaved toothwort Cardamine concatenata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria laciniatacommon toothwort Cardamine diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria diphyllapurple cress Cardamine douglassii G5 S4 No Yes Yeshairy cardamine Cardamine hirsuta G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescardamine Cardamine impatiens G? SE1 Yes Yes YesPensylvania cardamine Cardamine pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yescuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis ssp. pratensis G5T? SE1 rare rare Yes Yes Yeshybrid toothwort Cardamine x maxima HYB S2S3 No Yes Yes Synonym: Dentaria maximaplumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswelted thistle Carduus crispus G? SE? Yes Yes Yesnodding thistle Carduus nutans ssp. nutans G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessedge Carex albursina G5 S5 rare No Yes Yescommon caraway Carum carvi G? SE1? Yes Yes Yesgiant blue cohosh Caulophyllum giganteum G? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteumblue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides G? S5 No Yes Yescornflower Centaurea cyanus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesspotted knapweed Centaurea maculosa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesblack knapweed Centaurea nigra G? SE? Yes Yes Yesscabious knapweed Centaurea scabiosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1907branched centaury Centaurium pulchellum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesfield chickweed Cerastium arvense ssp. arvense G5T? SE4 Yes Yes Yesmouse-eared chickweed Cerastium fontanum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Cerastium vulgatumdwarf chickweed Cerastium pumilum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yessmall chickweed Cerastium semidecandrum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessnow-in-summer Cerastium tomentosum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesdwarf snapdragon Chaenorrhinum minus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes




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ridge-seeded spurge Chamaesyce glyptosperma G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia glyptospermaspotted spurge Chamaesyce maculata G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia maculatanodding spurge Chamaesyce nutans G? S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia nutanshairy spurge Chamaesyce vermiculata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Euphorbia vermiculatacelandine Chelidonium majus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesturtlehead Chelone glabra G5 S5 No Yes Yeslamb's-quarters Chenopodium album var. album G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesgood King Henry Chenopodium bonus-henricus G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900oak goosefoot Chenopodium botrys G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1907strawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesoak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum ssp. glaucum G5T? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmany-seeded goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesmaple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodium simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Chenopodium hybridumox-eye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Leucanthemum vulgaregolden saxifrage Chrysosplenium americanum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeschicory Cichorium intybus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbulblet water-hemlock Cicuta bulbifera G5 S5 No Yes Yesspotted water-hemlock Cicuta maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yessmall enchanter's nightshade Circaea alpina G5 S5 No Yes Yesenchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Circaea quadrisulcataCanada thistle Cirsium arvense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesswamp thistle Cirsium muticum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbull thistle Cirsium vulgare G5 SE5 Yes Yes YesCarolina spring beauty Claytonia caroliniana G5 S5 rare No Yes YesVirginia spring beauty Claytonia virginica G5 S5 No Yes Yeswild basil Clinopodium vulgare G? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Satureja vulgarisbluebead lily Clintonia borealis G5 S5 No Yes Yeshorsebalm Collinsonia canadensis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesbastard toad-flax Comandra umbellata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Comandra richardsianaAsiatic day-flower Commelina communis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yespoison hemlock Conium maculatum G5 SE2? Yes Yes Yessquawroot Conopholis americana G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yeshare's-ear mustard Conringia orientalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900rocket larkspur Consolida ajacis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Consolida ambigua / Historic record - 1916lily-of-the-valley Convallaria majalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesfield bindweed Convolvulus arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeshorseweed Conyza canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron canadensisgoldthread Coptis trifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Coptis groenlandicaspotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesstriped coralroot Corallorhiza striata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1947early coralroot Corallorhiza trifida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeslarge-flowered tickseed Coreopsis grandiflora G5 SE3? Yes Yes Yescrown vetch Coronilla varia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesgolden corydalis Corydalis aurea ssp. aurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908narrow-leaved hawk's-beard Crepis tectorum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes




Variety

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honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesclover dodder Cuscuta epithymum G? SEH Yes Yes No Historic record - 1903common dodder Cuscuta gronovii G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswinged pigweed Cycloloma atriplicifolium G5 S4 No Yes YesKenilworth-ivy Cymbalaria muralis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesswallow-wort Cynanchum rossicum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Vincetoxicum rossicumwild comfrey Cynoglossum boreale G4Q S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1890hound's-tongue Cynoglossum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmoccasin flower Cypripedium acaule G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesyellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens G5T? S5 rare No Yes Yesyellow lady's-slipper Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum G5T? S5 rare No Yes Noshowy lady's-slipper Cypripedium reginae G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesdewdrop Dalibarda repens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesjimsonweed Datura stramonium GU SE5 Yes Yes Yeswild carrot Daucus carota G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesflixweed Descurainia sophia G? SE5 Yes Yes YesCanadian tick-trefoil Desmodium canadense G5 S4 rare No Yes Yespointed-leaved tick-trefoil Desmodium glutinosum G5 S4 rare No Yes Yesnaked-flowered tick-trefoil Desmodium nudiflorum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesDeptford pink Dianthus armeria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbearded pink Dianthus barbatus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesmaiden pink Dianthus deltoides G? SE2 Yes Yes Yescottage pink Dianthus plumarius G? SE1 Yes Yes Yessquirrel-corn Dicentra canadensis G5 S5 No Yes YesDutchman's-breeches Dicentra cucullaria G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesslender wall-rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesteasel Dipsacus fullonum ssp. sylvestris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Dipsacus sylvestrisspatulate-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswild cucumber Echinocystis lobata G5 S5 No Yes Yesglobe thistle Echinops sphaerocephalus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesviper's bugloss Echium vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbeech-drops Epifagus virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yesfireweed Epilobium angustifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yessticky willowherb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Epilobium glandulosum, Epilobium watsoniipurple-leaved willowherb Epilobium coloratum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshairy willowherb Epilobium hirsutum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesnarrow-leaved willowherb Epilobium leptophyllum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessmall-flowered willowherb Epilobium parviflorum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yeshelleborine Epipactis helleborine G? SE5 Yes Yes YesAmerican fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesharbinger-of-spring Erigenia bulbosa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Nodaisy fleabane Erigeron annuus G5 S5 No Yes YesPhiladelphia fleabane Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. philadelphicus G5T5 S5 No Yes YesRobin's plantain Erigeron pulchellus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes




Variety

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rough fleabane Erigeron strigosus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Erigeron annuus ssp. strigosusstork's-bill Erodium cicutarium ssp. cicutarium G4G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yesspring whitlow-grass Erophila verna G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Draba vernadog mustard Erucastrum gallicum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesflat-topped eryngo Eryngium planum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeswormseed mustard Erysimum cheiranthoides ssp. cheiranthoides NR SE5 Yes Yes Yestall wormseed mustard Erysimum hieraciifolium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessmall-flowered prairie rocket Erysimum inconspicuum G4G5 S4 Yes Yes Yeswhite trout-lily Erythronium albidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesyellow trout-lily Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum G5 S5 No Yes Yesspotted joe-pye weed Eupatorium maculatum ssp. maculata G5 S5 No Yes Yesboneset Eupatorium perfoliatum G5 S5 No Yes Yeswhite snakeroot Eupatorium rugosum G5 S5 No Yes Yescypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yestoothed spurge Euphorbia dentata G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yesthyme-leaved spurge Euphorbia epithymoides G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesleafy spurge Euphorbia esula G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yessun spurge Euphorbia helioscopia G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yessnow-on-the-mountain spurge Euphorbia marginata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yesbroad-leaved spurge Euphorbia platyphyllos G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesgrass-leaved goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solidago graminifoliabuckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Fagopyrum sagittatumqueen-of-the-prairie Filipendula rubra G4G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yesqueen-of-the-meadow Filipendula ulmaria ssp. ulmaria G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yeswoodland strawberry Fragaria vesca ssp. americana G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 SU No Yes Yescommon fumitory Fumaria officinalis G5 SE3 No Yes No Historic record - 1907snowdrop Galanthus nivalis G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesshowy orchis Galearis spectabilis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Orchis spectabilis / Historic record - 1911common hemp-nettle Galeopsis tetrahit G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessmall-flowered galinsoga Galinsoga parviflora G? SE? Yes Yes Yeshairy galinsoga Galinsoga quadriradiata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Galinsoga ciliatacleavers Galium aparine G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesrough bedstraw Galium asprellum G5 S5 No Yes Yesnorthern bedstraw Galium boreale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswild licorice Galium circaezans G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesLabrador bedstraw Galium labradoricum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeslance-leaved wild licorice Galium lanceolatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswhite bedstraw Galium mollugo Yes Yes Noobtuse bedstraw Galium obtusum G5 S4S5 No Yes Yesmarsh bedstraw Galium palustre G5 S5 No Yes Yeslesser bedstraw Galium tinctorium G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessmall bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Galium brandegeisweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum G5 S5 No Yes Yesyellow bedstraw Galium verum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes




Variety

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purple-stemmed gentian Gentiana rubricaulis G4? S4 rare rare No Yes Yesfringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita NR S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Gentiana crinita, Gentianella crinitaspotted crane's-bill Geranium maculatum G5 S5 No Yes Yesherb-robert Geranium robertianum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow avens Geum aleppicum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Geum strictumwhite avens Geum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yesrough avens Geum laciniatum G5 S4 No Yes Yeswater avens Geum rivale G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswood avens Geum urbanum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yesground-ivy Glechoma hederacea G? SE5 No Yes Yesfragrant cudweed Gnaphalium obtusifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yeslow cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesviscid cudweed Gnaphalium viscosum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Gnaphalium macouniidowny rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera pubescens G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Nodwarf rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera repens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1889clammy hedge-hyssop Gratiola neglecta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907gumweed Grindelia squarrosa G5 SE? Yes Yes Yesbaby's-breath Gypsophila paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesspurred stickseed Hackelia deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hackelia americanaVirginia stickseed Hackelia virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yesspurred gentian Halenia deflexa ssp. deflexa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrough pennyroyal Hedeoma hispidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Nopennyroyal Hedeoma pulegioides G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesbluets Hedyotis caerulea G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Houstonia caerula / Historic record - 1930

Venus'-pride Hedyotis longifolia G4G5 S4? rare rare No Yes NoSynonyms: Hedyotis ciliolata, Houstonia canadensis, Houstonia longifolia

Bicknell's frostweed Helianthemum bicknellii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesCanada frostweed Helianthemum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yescommon sunflower Helianthus annuus ssp. annuus G5 SE? Yes Yes Yesthin-leaved sunflower Helianthus decapetalus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrough woodland sunflower Helianthus divaricatus G5 S5 No Yes Yestall wild sunflower Helianthus giganteus G5 S5 No Yes No Historic record - 1907

prairie sunflower Helianthus rigidus ssp. subrhomboideus G5 S? Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Helianthus laetiflorus of PCF, H. paucifloruspale-leaved sunflower Helianthus strumosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesJeruselam artichoke Helianthus tuberosus G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yesorange day-lily Hemerocallis fulva G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow day-lily Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescow parsnip Heracleum lanatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Heracleum maximumdame's rocket Hesperis matronalis G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesflower-of-an-hour Hibiscus trionum G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1900orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesfield hawkweed Hieracium caespitosum ssp. caespitosum NR SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium pratenseCanada hawkweed Hieracium canadense G5 SU rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889common hawkweed Hieracium lachenalii G? SE2? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium vulgatum




Variety

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mouse-ear hawkweed Hieracium pilosella G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesglaucous king devil Hieracium piloselloides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Hieracium florentinumtall king devil Hieracium praealtum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1909rough hawkweed Hieracium scabrum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889king devil hawkweed Hieracium x floribundum HYB SE? Yes Yes Yes = Hieracium caespitosum x Hieracium lactucellajagged chickweed Holosteum umbellatum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesgreen violet Hybanthus concolor G5 S2 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Cubelium concolormarsh pennywort Hydrocotyle americana G5 S5 No Yes YesCanada waterleaf Hydrophyllum canadense G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesVirginia waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum G5 S5 No Yes Yeslarge St. John's-wort Hypericum majus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesspotted St. John's-wort Hypericum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshyssop Hyssopus officinalis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1912spotted jewelweed Impatiens capensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Impatiens bifloraAsian jewelweed Impatiens glandulifera G? SE4 Yes Yes Yespale jewelweed Impatiens pallida G5 S5 rare No Yes YesEnglish inula Inula britannica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeselecampane Inula helenium G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesfleur-de-lis Iris germanica G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesyellow flag Iris pseudacorus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesblue flag Iris versicolor G5 S5 No Yes Yestwinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yescanker-root Kickxia elatine G? SE1 Yes Yes Yessummer cypress Kochia scoparia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yestall blue lettuce Lactuca biennis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesCanada lettuce Lactuca canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yeswillow-leaved lettuce Lactuca saligna G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesprickly lettuce Lactuca serriola G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lactuca scariolahenbit Lamium amplexicaule G? SE3 Yes Yes Yeswood nettle Laportea canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesbluebur Lappula squarrosa ssp. squarrosa NR S5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lappula echinatanipplewort Lapsana communis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeseverlasting pea Lathyrus latifolius G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesmarsh vetchling Lathyrus palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesyellow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis G? SE2 Yes Yes Yestuberous vetchling Lathyrus tuberosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yespinweed Lechea intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesrough hawkbit Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides NR SE1 Yes Yes Yesmotherwort Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesfield cress Lepidium campestre G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon pepper-grass Lepidium densiflorum G? SE5 No Yes Yes Native status is uncertainnarrow-leaved pepper-grass Lepidium ruderale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesgarden cress Lepidium sativum G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910poor-man's pepper-grass Lepidium virginicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1892




Variety

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round-headed bush-clover Lespedeza capitata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeshairy bush-clover Lespedeza hirta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswand-like bush-clover Lespedeza intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1890lovage Levisticum officinale G? SE1 Yes Yes Yestiger lily Lilium lancifolium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lilium tigrinum

Canada lily Lilium michiganense G5 S5 No Yes YesSynonyms: Lilium canadense ssp. michiganense, Lilium canadense var. umbelliferum

Dalmatian toadflax Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica G5T3 SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Linaria dalmaticabutter-and-eggs Linaria vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesfalse pimpernel Lindernia dubia var. dubia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesperennial flax Linum perenne G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescommon flax Linum usitatissimum G? SE3 Yes Yes YesLoesel's twayblade Liparis loeselii G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yesheart-leaved twayblade Listera cordata G5 S5? rare rare No No Yescommon gromwell Lithospermum officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesindian-tobacco Lobelia inflata G5 S5 No Yes YesKalm's lobelia Lobelia kalmii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesgreat lobelia Lobelia siphilitica G5 S5 No Yes Yesbird's-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmarsh purslane Ludwigia palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshonesty Lunaria annua G? SE2 Yes Yes Yeswild lupine Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yesrose campion Lychnis coronaria G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesmatrimony vine Lycium barbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lycium halimifoliumtomato Lycopersicon esculentum G? SE2 Yes Yes YesAmerican water-horehound Lycopus americanus G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean water-horehound Lycopus europaeus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesnorthern water-horehound Lycopus uniflorus G5 S5 No Yes Yesfringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Steironema ciliatummoneywort Lysimachia nummularia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesspotted loosestrife Lysimachia punctata G? SE3 Yes Yes Yeswhorled loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesswamp-candles Lysimachia terrestris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yestufted loosestrife Lysimachia thrysiflora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesgarden loosestrife Lysimachia vulgaris G? SE3 Yes Yes Yespurple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesosage-orange Maclura pomifera GU SE2 Yes Yes YesCanada mayflower Maianthemum canadense G5 S5 No Yes Yesfalse Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina racemosastarry false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina stellatathree-leaved false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum trifolium G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilacina trifoliawhite adder's-mouth Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda G4T4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Malaxis brachypodaEuropean mallow Malva alcea G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesmusk mallow Malva moschata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes




Variety

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common mallow Malva neglecta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva rotundifolia (misapplied)round-leaved mallow Malva rotundifolia G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Malva pusillahigh mallow Malva sylvestris G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897whorled mallow Malva verticillata G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897common horehound Marrubium vulgare G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889

pineapple-weed Matricaria matricarioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes YesSynonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens, Matricaria suaveolens of PCF

scentless chamomille Matricaria perforata G? SE? Yes Yes Yes

false chamomille Matricaria recutita G? SE? Yes Yes YesSynonyms: Chamomilla suaveolens of PCF, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria suaveolens

indian cucumber-root Medeola virginiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesblack medick Medicago lupulina G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesalfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. falcata G? Yes Yes Yesalfalfa Medicago sativa ssp. sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescow-wheat Melampyrum lineare G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswhite sweet clover Melilotus alba G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesfield mint Mentha arvensis NR S5 No Yes Yesspearmint Mentha spicata G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes

red mint Mentha x gentilis HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes= Mentha arvensis x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x cardiaca

peppermint Mentha x piperita HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes= Mentha aquatica x Mentha spicata / Synonym: Mentha x citrata

buckbean Menyanthes trifoliata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesyellow monkey-flower Mimulus ringens G5 S5 No Yes Yeshairy four-o'clock Mirabilis hirsuta G5 SE1 Yes Yes Nowild four-o'clock Mirabilis nyctaginea G5 S4 Yes Yes Yesbishop's-cap Mitella diphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yesnaked mitrewort Mitella nuda G5 S5 No Yes Yescarpetweed Mollugo verticillata G? SE5 Yes Yes YesOswego-tea Monarda didyma G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Nowild bergamot Monarda fistulosa G5 S5 No Yes Yesone-flowered pyrola Moneses uniflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yespinesap Monotropa hypopithys G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Hypopithys monotropaindian-pipe Monotropa uniflora G5 S5 No Yes Yesgrape hyacinth Muscari botryoides G? SE3 Yes Yes Yessmall forget-me-not Myosotis laxa G5 S5 No Yes Yesgarden forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesupright forget-me-not Myosotis stricta G? SE4 Yes Yes Yeswoodland forget-me-not Myosotis sylvatica G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yescatnip Nepeta cataria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow ball mustard Neslia paniculata G? SE3 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1918apple-of-Peru Nicandra physalodes G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeslong-flowered tobacco Nicotiana longiflora G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeslove-in-a-mist Nigella damascena G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897




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yellow evening-primrose Oenothera biennis G5 S5 No Yes Yesevening-primrose Oenothera clelandii G3G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yesyellow evening-primrose Oenothera parviflora G? S5? No Yes Yessundrops Oenothera perennis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1918sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Historic record - 1891Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes

hairy false gromwell Onosmodium molle ssp. hispidissumum G4? S2 rare rare rare No Yes NoSynonym: Onosmodium hispidissimum / Historic record - 1890

summer snowflake Ornithogalum umbellatum G2? SE3 Yes Yes Yesone-flowered cancer-root Orobanche uniflora G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesone-sided pyrola Orthilia secunda G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola secundasweet cicely Osmorhiza claytonii G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Osmorhiza brevistylisanise-root Osmorhiza longistylis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswood sorrel Oxalis acetosella ssp. montana G5T? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis montanacreeping wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesyellow wood sorrel Oxalis dillenii G5 S5? No Yes Yes Synonym: Oxalis stricta (misapplied)European wood sorrel Oxalis stricta G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Oxalis europaea, Oxalis fontanaginseng Panax quinquefolius G4 S3 endangered rare rare rare No Yes Yesdwarf ginseng Panax trifolius G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeslong-headed poppy Papaver dubium G? SE1 Yes Yes Nocommon poppy Papaver somniferum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yespellitory Parietaria pensylvanica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeslarge grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia glauca G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessmall grass-of-Parnassus Parnassia parviflora G4 S4? rare rare No Yes Noparsnip Pastinaca sativa G? SE5 Yes Yes YesCanada lousewort Pedicularis canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfoxglove beard-tongue Penstemon digitalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshairy beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesditch stonecrop Penthorum sedoides G5 S5 No Yes Yesgrape-leaved sweet-colt's-foot Petasites frigidus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Petasites palmatuswild blue phlox Phlox divaricata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesgarden phlox Phlox paniculata G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yesmoss phlox Phlox subulata ssp. subulata G5T5 SE2 Yes Yes Yeslopseed Phryma leptostachya G5 S4S5 No Yes YesChinese lantern Physalis alkekengi G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesclammy ground-cherry Physalis heterophylla G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis lanceolatasmooth ground-cherry Physalis subglabrata G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis virginiana var. subglabrataVirginia ground-cherry Physalis virginiana G5 SU rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Physalis longifolia

Virginia false dragonhead Physostegia virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 S4 rare Yes Yes YesAlthough native elsewhere in the province, all Peel occurrences appear to be introductions.

pokeweed Phytolacca americana G5 S4 rare rare Yes Yes NoHistoric record - 1918 / Although native elsewhere in the province, the Peel occurrence is introduced.

spring clearweed Pilea fontana G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesdwarf clearweed Pilea pumila G5 S5 No Yes Yessand plantain Plantago arenaria G?Q S4? Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Plantago psyllium




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narrow-leaved plantain Plantago lanceolata G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon plantain Plantago major G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeshoary plantain Plantago media G5 SE3 Yes Yes YesRugel's plantain Plantago rugelii G5 S5 No Yes Yesclub-spur orchid Platanthera clavellata G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria clavellata / Historic record - 1907tall white bog orchid Platanthera dilatata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria dilatata / Historic record - 1947tubercled orchid Platanthera flava var. herbiola G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria flava / Historical record - 1891northern green orchid Platanthera hyperborea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria hyperborearagged fringed orchid Platanthera lacera G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Habenaria lacera / Historic record - 1910small northern bog orchid Platanthera obtusata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria obtusatapurple fringed orchid Platanthera psycodes G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Habenaria psycodesmay-apple Podophyllum peltatum G5 S5 No Yes Yesrose pogonia Pogonia ophioglossoides G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1940clammyweed Polanisia dodecandra G5Q S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1903fringed polygala Polygala paucifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yespurple milkwort Polygala sanguinea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesSeneca snakeroot Polygala senega G4G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswhorled milkwort Polygala verticillata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeshairy Solomon's-seal Polygonatum pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yesstriate knotweed Polygonum achoreum G5 S5 No Yes Yesknotweed Polygonum arenastrum G5? SE5 Yes Yes Yescreeping knotweed Polygonum aviculare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Polygonum monspeliensisfringed bindweed Polygonum cilinode G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesblack bindweed Polygonum convolvulus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Bilderdykia convolvulusJapanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Reynoutria japonicaDouglas' knotweed Polygonum douglasii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswater-pepper Polygonum hydropiper G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesmild water-pepper Polygonum hydropiperoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nopale smartweed Polygonum lapathifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yesprince's feather Polygonum orientale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yespink knotweed Polygonum pensylvanicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeslady's-thumb Polygonum persicaria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesdotted smartweed Polygonum punctatum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesarrow-leaved tearthumb Polygonum sagittatum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesclimbling false buckwheat Polygonum scandens G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesjumpseed Polygonum virginianum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Tovara virginianagarden purslane Portulaca oleracea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessilverweed Potentilla anserina ssp. anserina NR S5 rare No Yes Yessilvery cinquefoil Potentilla argentea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes

hybrid cinquefoil Potentilla inclinata HYB SE4 Yes Yes Yes =? Potentilla argentea x Potentilla recta / Synonyms: Potentilla canescens, Potentilla x intermedia of ON reports

rough cinquefoil Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica G5T? SEU Yes Yes Yesmarsh cinquefoil Potentilla palustris G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesbushy cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yes




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rough-fruited cinquefoil Potentilla recta G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescreeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans G? SE2 Yes Yes YesCanada cinquefoil Potentilla simplex G5 S5 No Yes Yeswhite-lettuce Prenanthes alba G5 S5 No Yes Yestall white-lettuce Prenanthes altissima G5? S5 No Yes YesAmerican heal-all Prunella vulgaris ssp. lanceolatus G5T? S5 No Yes Yeslungwort Pulmonaria officinalis NR SE1 Yes Yes Yespink pyrola Pyrola asarifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yesgreen pyrola Pyrola chlorantha G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrola virens / Historic record - 1904shinleaf Pyrola elliptica G5 S5 No Yes Yeskidney-leaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus G5 S5 No Yes Yestall buttercup Ranunculus acris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow water buttercup Ranunculus flabellaris G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yesswamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Ranunculus septentrionalisswamp buttercup Ranunculus hispidus var. hispidus G5T5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yesbristly crowfoot Ranunculus pensylvanicus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshooked buttercup Ranunculus recurvatus var. recurvatus G5 S5 No Yes Yescreeping spearwort Ranunculus repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescursed crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus var. sceleratus G5 S5 No Yes Yesprairie coneflower Ratibida columnifera G5 SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1918rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Rheum rhaponticumclammy locust Robinia viscosa G3 SE2 Yes Yes Yesmarsh yellow cress Rorippa palustris ssp. hispida G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Rorippa islandica of NA reportscreeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesblack-eyed susan Rudbeckia hirta G5 S5 No Yes Yescut-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata G5 S5 No Yes Yesthin-leaved coneflower Rudbeckia triloba G4 SE4 Yes Yes Yessheep sorrel Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella G5 SEU Yes Yes Yescurled dock Rumex crispus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyard dock Rumex longifolius G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1910bitter dock Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesgreat water dock Rumex orbiculatus G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yeswillow-leaved dock Rumex triangulivalvis G5 S4 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Rumex mexicanus, Rumex salicifoliuscreeping pearlwort Sagina procumbens G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes

Russian thistle Salsola kali G? SE5 Yes Yes YesSynonyms: Salsola pestifer, Salsola ruthenica, Salsola tragus

wood sage Salvia nemorosa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1942bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesblack snakeroot Sanicula marilandica G5 S5 No Yes Yesclustered snakeroot Sanicula odorata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Sanicula gregaria / Historic record - 1929bouncing-bet Saponaria officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yespitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessummer thyme Satureja hortensis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1889early saxifrage Saxifraga virginiensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesscheuchzeria Scheuchzeria palustris G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1901




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squill Scilla siberica G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesannual knawel Scleranthus annuus G? SE5 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1920lance-leaved figwort Scrophularia lanceolata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yescarpenter's-square Scrophularia marilandica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeshooded skullcap Scutellaria galericulata G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scutellaria epilobiifoliamad-dog skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora G5 S5 No Yes Yessmall skullcap Scutellaria parvula ssp. parvula G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1902mossy stonecrop Sedum acre G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswhite stonecrop Sedum album G? SE1 Yes Yes YesSpanish stonecrop Sedum hispanicum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesfalse stonecrop Sedum spurium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeslive-forever Sedum telephium ssp. fabaria G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Sedum purpureumgolden ragwort Senecio aureus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessticky groundsel Senecio viscosus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescommon groundsel Senecio vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbur cucumber Sicyos angulatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessleepy catchfly Silene antirrhina G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesforking catchfly Silene dichotoma G? SE1 Yes Yes Nowhite campion Silene latifolia G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Lychnis alba, Silene alba, Silene pratensisnight-flowering catchfly Silene noctiflora G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbladder campion Silene vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Silene cucubalusmilk thistle Silybum marianum G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1913

white mustard Sinapis alba G? SE2 Yes Yes NoSynonyms: Brassica alba, Brassica hirta / Historic record - 1902

charlock Sinapis arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Brassica kabertumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeshedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeslittle blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Sisyrinchium bermudianumwater-parsnip Sium suave G5 S5 No Yes Yescarrion-flower Smilax herbacea G5 S4 No Yes Yesblack nightshade Solanum nigrum G? SE1 Yes Yes YesAmerican black nightshade Solanum ptycanthum G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Solanum americanumbuffalo-bur Solanum rostratum G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yestall goldenrod Solidago altissima var. altissima NR S5 No Yes Yessilver-rod Solidago bicolor G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yesblue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago caesia G5 S5 No Yes YesCanada goldenrod Solidago canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yeszig-zag goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis G5 S5 No Yes Yesgiant goldenrod Solidago gigantea G5 S5 No Yes Yeshairy goldenrod Solidago hispida var. hispida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesearly goldenrod Solidago juncea G5 S5 No Yes Yesgray goldenrod Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis G5 S5 No Yes Yesrough-leaved goldenrod Solidago patula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrough goldenrod Solidago rugosa ssp. rugosa G5 S5 No Yes Yesstout goldenrod Solidago squarrosa G4? S5 rare rare No Yes Yes




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bog goldenrod Solidago uliginosa G4G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfield sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Sonchus uliginosaspiny-leaved sow-thistle Sonchus asper ssp. asper G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesannual sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessaltmarsh sand spurrey Spergularia media G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Arenaria medianodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthes cernua G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrough hedge-nettle Stachys hispida G4Q S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Stachy tenuifolia of ON reportsmarsh hedge-nettle Stachys palustris G5 SE5 rare rare No Yes Yesgrass-leaved stitchwort Stellaria graminea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeslong-leaved chickweed Stellaria longifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon chickweed Stellaria media G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesrose twisted-stalk Streptopus roseus G5 S5 No Yes Yesprickly comfrey Symphytum asperum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yescommon comfrey Symphytum officinale ssp. officinale NR SE5 Yes Yes Yesskunk-cabbage Symplocarpus foetidus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesyellow pimpernel Taenidia integerrima G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yescommon feverfew Tanacetum parthenium G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Chrysanthemum partheniumcommon tansy Tanacetum vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesred-seeded dandelion Taraxacum erythrospermum G? SE5 Yes Yes Nocommon dandelion Taraxacum officinale G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeswood germander Teucrium canadense ssp. canadense G5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yesearly meadow-rue Thalictrum dioicum G5 S5 No Yes Yestall meadow-rue Thalictrum pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Thalictrum polygamum

rue-anemone Thalictrum thalictroides G5 S3 rare rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Anemonella thalictroides / Historic record - 1911golden creeper Thladiantha dubia G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesfield penny-cress Thlaspi arvense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescreeping thyme Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus G? SE3 No Yes Yes Synonym: Thymus serpyllumfoam-flower Tiarella cordifolia G5 S5 No Yes YesJapanese hedge-parsley Torilis japonica G? SE4 Yes Yes Yeslarge goat's-beard Tragopogon dubius G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Tragopogon majorcommon salsify Tragopogon porrifolius G? SE4? Yes Yes Yesmeadow goat's-beard Tragopogon pratensis ssp. pratensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmarsh St. John's-wort Triadenum fraseri G4G5 S4 rare No Yes Yesstar-flower Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis G5 S5 No Yes Yesrabbit-foot clover Trifolium arvense G? SE4 Yes Yes Yeshop clover Trifolium aureum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Trifolium agrariumlarge hop clover Trifolium campestre G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Trifolium procumbenssmall hop clover Trifolium dubium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesalsike clover Trifolium hybridum ssp. elegans G? SE4 Yes Yes Yescrimson clover Trifolium incarnatum G? SEH Yes Yes Yes Historic record - 1900red clover Trifolium pratense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswhite clover Trifolium repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesnodding trillium Trillium cernuum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesred trillium Trillium erectum G5 S5 No Yes Yes




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white trillium Trillium grandiflorum G5 S5 No Yes Yespainted trillium Trillium undulatum G5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1947wild-coffee Triosteum aurantiacum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon wheat Triticum aestivum G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Triticum sativum, Triticum vulgarecoltsfoot Tussilago farfara G? SE5 Yes Yes YesEuropean stinging nettle Urtica dioica ssp. dioica G5T? SE2 Yes Yes NoAmerican stinging nettle Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis G5T? S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Urtica gracilis, Urtica proceralarge-flowered bellwort Uvularia grandiflora G5 S5 No Yes Yescow cockle Vaccaria hispanica G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Saponaria vaccaria, Vaccaria pyramidatacommon valerian Valeriana officinalis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmoth mullein Verbascum blattaria G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesclasping mullein Verbascum phlomoides G? SE1 Yes Yes Yescommon mullein Verbascum thapsus G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesblue vervain Verbena hastata G5 S5 No Yes Yesnarrow-leaved vervain Verbena simplex G5 S4 No Yes Yeshoary vervain Verbena stricta G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswhite vervain Verbena urticifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yesfield speedwell Veronica agrestis G? SE1? Yes Yes YesAmerican brooklime Veronica americana G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yescorn speedwell Veronica arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeswater speedwell Veronica catenata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeslong-leaved speedwell Veronica longifolia G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescommon speedwell Veronica officinalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yespurslane speedwell Veronica peregrina ssp. peregrina G5 S5 No Yes Yesbird's-eye speedwell Veronica persica G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yesmarsh speedwell Veronica scutellata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesthyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia G?T? SE5 Yes Yes Yescow vetch Vicia cracca G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Vicia angustifoliaslender vetch Vicia tetrasperma G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeshairy vetch Vicia villosa G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeshooked-spur violet Viola adunca G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswild pansy Viola arvensis G? SE4 Yes Yes Yessweet white violet Viola blanda G4G5 S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola incognitaCanada violet Viola canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesdog violet Viola conspersa G5 S5 No Yes Yesmarsh blue violet Viola cucullata G4G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola papilionacea of ON reports (in part)field pansy Viola kitaibeliana G? SE4 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1897northern white violet Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola pallenssweet violet Viola odorata G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesyellow violet Viola pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonyms: Viola eriocarpa, Viola pensylvanicakidney-leaved violet Viola renifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeslong-spurred violet Viola rostrata G5 S5 No Yes Yesarrow-leaved violet Viola sagittata var. sagittata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola fimbriatula




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Selkirk's violet Viola selkirkii G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswoolly blue violet Viola sororia G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Viola papilionacea of ON reports (in part)tricolor pansy Viola tricolor G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesbarren strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon cocklebur Xanthium strumarium G? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Xanthium pensylvanicumgolden alexanders Zizia aurea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes

crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum ssp. pectinatum G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron pectiniformecolonial bent grass Agrostis capillaris G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis tenuisredtop Agrostis gigantea G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis alba, in partupland bent grass Agrostis perennans G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesrough hair grass Agrostis scabra G5 S5 No Yes Yescreeping bent grass Agrostis stolonifera G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Agrostis palustrisshort-awned foxtail Alopecurus aequalis G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yesmarsh foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yesmeadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbig bluestem Andropogon gerardii G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yessweet grass Anthoxanthum odoratum ssp. odoratum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yestall oatgrass Arrhenatherum elatius G? SE4 Yes Yes Yeswild oats Avena fatua G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescommon oats Avena sativa G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesbearded short-husk Brachyelytrum erectum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfringed brome Bromus ciliatus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Bromus dudleyiupright chess Bromus commutatus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yessoft brome Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordaceus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Bromus mollissmooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis G4G5T? SE5 Yes Yes YesJapanese chess Bromus japonicus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesbroad-glumed brome Bromus latiglumis G5 S4 No Yes Yescheat chess Bromus secalinus ssp. secalinus G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesdowny chess Bromus tectorum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescorn gromwell Buglossoides arvensis G? SE5 Yes Yes No Synonym: Lithospermum arvenseCanada bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex alopecoidea G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswater sedge Carex aquatilis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex arctata G5? S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex atherodes G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesgolden sedge Carex aurea G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex bebbii G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex blanda G5? S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex bromoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex buxbaumii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex canescens ssp. cannescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex castanea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex cephaloidea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes

graminoid A non-woody, narrow-leaved plant, including grasses, sedges and rushes.




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sedge Carex cephalophora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex chordorrhiza G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908woodland sedge Carex communis G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex comosa G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex conoidea G4 S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex crawfordii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nosedge Carex crinita G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex cristatella G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex cryptolepis G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswoodland sedge Carex deweyana G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex diandra G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex digitalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex disperma G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex eburnea G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex echinata ssp. echinata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Carex muricatasedge Carex flava G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex foenea G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex siccatasedge Carex gracilescens G5? S3 rare rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex gracillima G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex granularis G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex grayi G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

sedge Carex grisea rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex amphibola Steudel var. turgida Fernaldsedge Carex hirtifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex hitchcockiana G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesbristly sedge Carex hystericina G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex interior G5 S5 No Yes Yesbladder sedge Carex intumescens G5 S5 No Yes Yeslake sedge Carex lacustris G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex laevivaginata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex lasiocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nosedge Carex laxiculmis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex laxiflora G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex leptalea ssp. leptalea G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex leptonervia G4 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex limosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nosedge Carex lupulina G5 S5 No Yes Yesbristly sedge Carex lurida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex pauperculasedge Carex merritt-fernaldii G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nosedge Carex molesta G4 S4? rare No Yes Yessedge Carex muhlenbergii var. muhlenbergii G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Nosedge Carex pallescens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nofew-flowered sedge Carex pauciflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1907sedge Carex peckii G4G5 S5 No Yes Yes




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sedge Carex pedunculata G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex pellita G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonmy: Carex lanuginosawoodland sedge Carex pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yesplantain-leaved sedge Carex plantaginea G5 S5 No Yes Yesbroad-leaved sedge Carex platyphylla G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex praegracilis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yessedge Carex prairea G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex prasina G4 S4 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1935sedge Carex projecta G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex pseudo-cyperus G5 S5 No Yes Yes

sedge Carex radiata G4 S5 No Yes YesSynonym: Carex rosea of most early ON reports, including PCF

sedge Carex retrorsa G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex rosea G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex convolutasedge Carex rugosperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Carex tonsa var. rugospermasedge Carex scabrata G5 S5 rare No Yes Yessedge Carex scoparia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex sparganioides G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex spicata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessedge Carex sprengelii G5? S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex stipata G5 S5 No Yes Yeswater sedge Carex stricta G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex sychnocephala G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex tenera G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex torta G5 SX rare rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1910sedge Carex tribuloides G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex trisperma var. trisperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbladder sedge Carex tuckermanii G4 S4 rare No Yes Yes

sedge Carex utriculata G5 S5 rare No Yes YesSynonym: Carex rostrata of most ON reports, including PCF

sedge Carex vaginata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex vesicaria G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessedge Carex viridula ssp. viridula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfox sedge Carex vulpinoidea G5 S5 No Yes Yessedge Carex woodii G4Q S4 rare rare No Yes Yeslong-spined sandbur Cenchrus longispinus G5 S4 No Yes Yeswood reed Cinna arundinacea G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesnodding wood reed Cinna latifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yescrested dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1892riverbank umbrella-sedge Cyperus bipartitus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cyperus rivularisyellow nut-grass Cyperus esculentus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesslender umbrella-sedge Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cyperus filiculmis

fragrant umbrella-sedge Cyperus odoratus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Cyperus engelmannii, Cyperus ferruginescensstraw-colored umbrella-sedge Cyperus strigosus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes




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orchard grass Dactylis glomerata G? SE5 Yes Yes Yespoverty oat-grass Danthonia spicata G5 S5 No Yes Yes

fall witch-grass Digitaria cognatum ssp. cognatum G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Leptoloma cognatum / Native status is uncertainsmooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeslarge crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesthree-way sedge Dulichium arundinaceum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbarnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessmall-spiked barnyard grass Echinochloa microstachya G5Q S4S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Echinochloa wiegandiineedle spike-rush Eleocharis acicularis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesred-footed spike-rush Eleocharis erythropoda G5 S5 No Yes Yesintermediate spike-rush Eleocharis intermedia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesobtuse spike-rush Eleocharis obtusa G5 S5 No Yes Yesmarsh spike-rush Eleocharis smallii G5? S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Eleocharis palustris of ON reportsCanada wild-rye Elymus canadensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1911bottlebrush grass Elymus hystrix G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Hystrix patulaquack grass Elymus repens G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron repensriverbank wild-rye Elymus riparius G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yeswestern wheatgrass Elymus smithii G5 SE2 Yes Yes No Synonym: Agropyron smithii / Historic record - 1918slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus G5T5 S5? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Agropyron trachycaulumhairy wild-rye Elymus villosus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesVirginia wild-rye Elymus virginicus var. virginicus G5 S5 No Yes YesWiegand's wild-rye Elymus wiegandii G? S4 rare rare No Yes Yesstink grass Eragrostis cilianensis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Eragrostis megastachyatall love-grass Eragrostis hypnoides G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Nolittle love-grass Eragrostis minor G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Eragrostis pooidestufted love-grass Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea G5 S5 No Yes Yesslender cotton-grass Eriophorum gracile G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1890sheathed cotton-grass Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Eriophorum spissum / Historic record - 1890tawny cotton-grass Eriophorum virginicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesthin-leaved cotton-grass Eriophorum viridi-carinatum G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yestall fescue Festuca arundinacea G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes

hard fescue Festuca brevipila G? SE4 Yes Yes YesSynonyms: Festuca longifolia of ON reports including PCF, Festuca ovina, Festuca trachyphylla

slender fescue Festuca filiformis G5 SE2 Yes Yes No Synonym: Festuca tenuifolia / Historic record - 1891meadow fescue Festuca pratensis G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Festuca elatiorred fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yesnodding fescue Festuca subverticillata G5 S4 No Yes Yes Synonym: Festuca obtusanorthern manna grass Glyceria borealis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Glyceria fluitansrattlesnake manna grass Glyceria canadensis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Notall manna grass Glyceria grandis G5 S4S5 No Yes Yesrough manna grass Glyceria maxima G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesfloating manna grass Glyceria septentrionalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesfowl manna grass Glyceria striata G5 S5 No Yes Yesvelvet grass Holcus lanatus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yes




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foxtail barley Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon barley Hordeum vulgare G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesalpine rush Juncus alpinoarticulatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Juncus alpinusjointed rush Juncus articulatus G5 S5 No Yes YesBaltic rush Juncus balticus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesshort-tailed rush Juncus brevicaudatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1891toad rush Juncus bufonius G5 S5 No Yes YesCanada rush Juncus canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1908compressed rush Juncus compressus G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yespath rush Juncus dudleyi G5 S5 No Yes Yessoft rush Juncus effusus ssp. solutus G5 S5 No Yes Yesknotted rush Juncus nodosus G5 S5 No Yes Yespath rush Juncus pylaei G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yespath rush Juncus tenuis G5 S5 No Yes YesTorrey's rush Juncus torreyi G5 S5 No Yes Yesrice cut-grass Leersia oryzoides G5 S5 No Yes Yeswhite cut-grass Leersia virginica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesperennial rye-grass Lolium perenne G? SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Lolium multiflorumpoison rye-grass Lolium temulentum G? SEH Yes Yes No Historic record - 1912hairy woodrush Luzula acuminata G5 S5 No Yes Yesmany-flowered woodrush Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesmelic grass Melica smithii G4 S4? rare rare No Yes Yeswood millet Milium effusum G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1911Amur silver grass Miscanthus sacchariflorus G? SEH Yes Yes Yeswire-stemmed muhly Muhlenbergia frondosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswild timothy Muhlenbergia glomerata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1910Mexican muhly Muhlenbergia mexicana var. mexicana G5 S5 No Yes Yeswoodland muhly Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. sylvatica G5 S1 rare rare rare No Yes Yeswhite-grained mountain-rice Oryzopsis asperifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yesblack-grained mountain-rice Oryzopsis racemosa G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

dwarf panic grass Panicum acuminatum var. acuminatum G5 S5 No Yes YesSynonyms: Dichanthelium acuminatum, Panicum implicatum, Panicum lanuginosum, Panicum praecocius, Panicum villosissimum

witch grass Panicum capillare G5 S5 No Yes Yesfall panic grass Panicum dichotomiflorum G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesbroad-leaved panic grass Panicum latifolium G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesnarrow-leaved panic grass Panicum linearifolium G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbroom-corn millet Panicum miliaceum G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesreed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea G5 S5 No Yes Yescanary grass Phalaris canariensis G? SE2 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1890timothy Phleum pratense G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon reed Phragmites australis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Phragmites communiswoodland bluegrass Poa alsodes G4? S4 rare rare No Yes Yesannual bluegrass Poa annua G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesbulbous bluegrass Poa bulbosa G? SE3 Yes Yes Yes




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Canada bluegrass Poa compressa G? S5 No Yes Yeswood bluegrass Poa nemoralis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yesfowl bluegrass Poa palustris G5 S5 No Yes YesKentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis G5 S5 No Yes Yestwo-rayed bluegrass Poa saltuensis G5? S4 rare rare No Yes Yesrough bluegrass Poa trivialis G? SE3 Yes Yes Yessaltmarsh grass Puccinellia distans G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeswhite beakrush Rhynchospora alba G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nofalse melic grass Schizachne purpurascens ssp. purpurascens G5 S5 No Yes Yeslittle bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Andropogon scopariushard-stemmed bulrush Scirpus acutus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesgreen bulrush Scirpus atrovirens G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus hattorianus (in part)Clinton's club-rush Scirpus clintonii G4 S2 rare rare rare No Yes Yeswool-grass Scirpus cyperinus G5 S5 No Yes Yesriver bulrush Scirpus fluviatilis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesalpine cotton-grass Scirpus hudsonianus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesred-sheathed bulrush Scirpus microcarpus G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus rubrotinctusstalked wool-grass Scirpus pedicellatus G4 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus cyperinus var. pedicellatuslined bulrush Scirpus pendulus G5 S5 rare No Yes YesAmerican sword-grass Scirpus pungens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Scirpus americanussoft-stemmed bulrush Scirpus validus G? S5 No Yes Yesrye Secale cereale G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesfoxtail millet Setaria italica G? SE1 Yes Yes No Historic record - 1890yellow foxtail Setaria pumila G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Setaria glaucabristly foxtail Setaria verticillata G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesgreen foxtail Setaria viridis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesindian grass Sorghastrum nutans G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesgreen-fruited burreed Sparganium emersum ssp. emersum NR S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Sparganium chlorocarpumgiant burreed Sparganium eurycarpum G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes

tall cord grass Spartina pectinata G5 S4 rare rare Yes Yes NoHistoric record - 1910 / Although native elsewhere in the province, the Peel record is an introduction.

slender wedge grass Sphenopholis intermedia G5 S4S5 No Yes Yessand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus NR S4 rare rare No Yes Yesoverlooked dropseed Sporobolus neglectus G5 S4 No Yes Yesensheathed dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus G5 S4 No Yes Yesmarsh arrow-grass Triglochin palustre G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesnarrow-leaved cattail Typha angustifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon cattail Typha latifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yeshybrid cattail Typha x glauca HYB S5 No Yes Yes = Typha angustifolia x Typha latifolia

hybrid wheatgrass x Elyhordeum macounii HYB S1 No Yes Yes = Elymus trachycaulus x Hordeum jubatum / Synonyms: x Agrohordeum macounii, Elymus macounii

corn Zea mays G? SE2 Yes Yes Yescommon wild rice Zizania aquatica G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes

northern wild rice Zizania palustris G4G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesSynonym: Zizania aquatica of early ON records (in part) / Historic record - 1927




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climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Novirgin's-bower Clematis virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yes

Saskatoon berry Amelanchier alnifolia G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Amelanchier humilisroundleaf juneberry Amelanchier sanguinea G5 S5? No Yes Yes Synonym: Amelanchier huronensisrunning juneberry Amelanchier stolonifera G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yesbog rosemary Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Andromeda glaucophyllabristly sarsaparilla Aralia hispida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonyms: Aronia prunifolia, Pyrus melanocarpaOregon-grape Berberis aquifolium G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Mahonia aquifoliaJapanese barberry Berberis thunbergii G? SE5 Yes Yes Yescommon barberry Berberis vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes YesSiberian pea-tree Caragana arborescens G? SE1 Yes Yes YesNew Jersey tea Ceanothus americanus G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesbuttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesleatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon pipsissewa Chimaphila umbellata ssp. cisatlantica G5 S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1889sweet-fern Comptonia peregrina G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Myrica asplenifoliasilky dogwood Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Cornus obliquabunchberry Cornus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesgray dogwood Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa G5? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Cornus racemosaround-leaved dogwood Cornus rugosa G5 S5 No Yes Yesred osier Cornus stolonifera G5 S5 No Yes Yesbeaked hazel Corylus cornuta ssp. cornuta G5 S5 No Yes YesPersian daphne Daphne mezereum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yeswater-willow Decodon verticillatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbush honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera G5 S5 No Yes Yesleatherwood Dirca palustris G4 S4? rare No Yes Yesrunning strawberry-bush Euonymus obovata G5 S5 No Yes Yesforsythia Forsythia viridissima G? SE2 Yes Yes Yescreeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeswintergreen Gaultheria procumbens G5 S5 No Yes Yesblack huckleberry Gaylussacia baccata G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeswitch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yesgreat St. John's-wort Hypericum ascyron G4 S4 rare rare No Yes No Synonym: Hypericum pyramidatumwinterberry Ilex verticillata G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon juniper Juniperus communis var. depressa G5T5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesbog laurel Kalmia polifolia G5 S5 rare rare No Yes NoLabrador-tea Ledum groenlandicum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon privet Ligustrum vulgare G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesspicebush Lindera benzoin G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yestwinflower Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora G5T5 S5 rare No Yes Yesfly honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes

herbaceous vines A non-woody plant with trailing stems

shrub A multi-stemmed woody plant, usually shorter than a tree.




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goat-leaf honeysuckle Lonicera caprifolium G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesornamental honeysuckle Lonicera chrysantha NR SE1 Yes Yes YesMorrow's honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii G? SE3 Yes Yes Yesswamp fly honeysuckle Lonicera oblongifolia G4 S5 rare rare No Yes YesTartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesmountain fly honeysuckle Lonicera villosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshybrid honeysuckle Lonicera x bella HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes = Lonicera morrowii x Lonicera tataricaEuropean fly honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yespartridge-berry Mitchella repens G5 S5 No Yes Yesmock-orange Philadelphus coronarius G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesninebark Physocarpus opulifolius G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesshrubby cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeschoke cherry Prunus virginiana ssp. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yesalder-leaved buckthorn Rhamnus alnifolia G5 S5 rare No Yes Yescommon buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesglossy buckthorn Rhamnus frangula G? SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Frangula alnussmooth sumac Rhus glabra G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yespoison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. rydbergii G5T? S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Toxicodendron rydbergiistaghorn sumac Rhus typhina G5 S5 No Yes Yeswild black currant Ribes americanum G5 S5 No Yes Yesprickly gooseberry Ribes cynosbati G5 S5 No Yes Yesskunk currant Ribes glandulosum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessmooth gooseberry Ribes hirtellum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Historic record - 1891northern black currant Ribes hudsonianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesblack garden currant Ribes nigrum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesgolden currant Ribes odoratum G4G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Ribes aureumred garden currant Ribes rubrum G4G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Ribes sativumswamp red currant Ribes triste G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean currant Ribes uva-crispa G? SE1 Yes Yes No Synonym: Ribes grossulariasmooth rose Rosa blanda G5 S5 No Yes Yesdog rose Rosa canina G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesmultiflora rose Rosa multiflora G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesswamp rose Rosa palustris G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessweetbrier rose Rosa rubiginosa NR SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Rosa eglanteriamountain blackberry Rubus allegheniensis G5 S5 No Yes Yeswild red raspberry Rubus idaeus ssp. melanolasius G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Rubus strigosusblack raspberry Rubus occidentalis G5 S5 No Yes Yespurple-flowering raspberry Rubus odoratus G5 S5 No Yes YesBebb's willow Salix bebbiana G5 S5 No Yes Yeshoary willow Salix candida G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesgoat willow Salix caprea G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesgray willow Salix cinerea G5 SE2 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Salix humilis of PCFpussy willow Salix discolor G5 S5 No Yes Yesheart-leaved willow Salix eriocephala G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix rigidasandbar willow Salix exigua G5 S5 rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix interior




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shining willow Salix lucida G5 S5 rare No Yes Yesbog willow Salix pedicellaris G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Nobay-leaved willow Salix pentandra G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesslender willow Salix petiolaris G4 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Salix gracilisbasket willow Salix purpurea G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yesautumn willow Salix serissima G4 S5 rare rare No Yes Yescommon elderberry Sambucus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yesred-berried elderberry Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens G5T4T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Sambucus pubensCanada soapberry Shepherdia canadensis G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesfalse spiraea Sorbaria sorbifolia G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yescommon meadowsweet Spiraea alba G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Spiraea latifoliaAsian meadowsweet Spiraea chamaedryfolia G? SE1 Yes Yes YesJapanese meadowsweet Spiraea japonica G5 SE1 Yes Yes Yeswillow-leaved meadowsweet Spiraea salicifolia G? SE1 Yes Yes Yeshardhack Spiraea tomentosa G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Nobladdernut Staphylea trifolia G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yessnowberry Symphoricarpos albus G5 S5 rare No Yes Yeswolfberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis G5 SE3 Yes Yes Yeslilac Syringa vulgaris G? SE5 Yes Yes YesAmerican yew Taxus canadensis G5 S5 No Yes Yeslowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yeshighbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeslarge cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon G4 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yesvelvet-leaf blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yessmall cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesdryland blueberry Vaccinium pallidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Vaccinium vacillansmaple-leaved viburnum Viburnum acerifolium G5 S5 No Yes Yeswild-raisin Viburnum cassinoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nohobblebush Viburnum lantanoides G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Viburnum alnifoliumguelder-rose Viburnum opulus G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yesdowny arrow-wood Viburnum rafinesquianum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshighbush cranberry Viburnum trilobum G5 S5 No Yes Yesprickly-ash Zanthoxylum americanum G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes

mountain maple Acer spicatum G5 S5 No Yes Yesspeckled alder Alnus incana ssp. rugosa G5T5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Alnus rugosadowny juneberry Amelanchier arborea G5 S5 No Yes Yessmooth juneberry Amelanchier laevis G4G5Q S5 No Yes Yesblue-beech Carpinus caroliniana ssp. virginiana G5 S5 No Yes Yesalternate-leaved dogwood Cornus alternifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus calpodendron G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus corusca G3G5 S2S3 rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus holmesiana G5 S4S5 rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus macracantha NR S5 No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus macrosperma G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes

small trees A single stemmed woody plant reaching less than 2m in height.




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English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus pedicellata G5 S4 No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus pringlei G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus pruinosa G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus punctata G5 S5 No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus scabrida G3G4 S4 rare rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus schuettei G3G4 S4 rare rare No Yes Yeshawthorn Crataegus submollis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Nohawthorn Crataegus succulenta G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes YesRussian-olive Elaeagnus angustifolia G? SE3 Yes Yes Yeswinged spindle-tree Euonymus alata Yes Yes Nospindle tree Euonymus europaea G? SE2 Yes Yes YesSiberian crabapple Malus baccata G? SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus baccatamountain-holly Nemopanthus mucronatus G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesCanada plum Prunus nigra G4G5 S4 No Yes Yespin cherry Prunus pensylvanica G5 S5 No Yes YesAmerican mountain-ash Sorbus americana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus americanaSiberian elm Ulmus pumila G? SE3 Yes Yes Yeswayfaring tree Viburnum lantana G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesnannyberry Viburnum lentago G5 S5 No Yes Yes

balsam fir Abies balsamea G5 S5 No Yes YesManitoba maple Acer negundo G5 S5 No Yes YesNorway maple Acer platanoides G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesred maple Acer rubrum G5 S5 No Yes Yessilver maple Acer saccharinum G5 S5 No Yes Yesblack maple Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum G5Q S4? No Yes Yes Synonym: Acer nigrumsugar maple Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum G5T? S5 No Yes Yeshorse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum G? SE2 Yes Yes Yestree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesyellow birch Betula alleghaniensis G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Betula luteawhite birch Betula papyrifera G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean weeping birch Betula pendula G? SE4 Yes Yes Yesdwarf birch Betula pumila G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Synonym: Betula glanduliferabitternut hickory Carya cordiformis G5 S5 No Yes Yesshagbark hickory Carya ovata var. ovata G5 S5 No Yes Yesnorthern catalpa Catalpa speciosa GU SE1 Yes Yes YesAmerican beech Fagus grandifolia G5 S5 No Yes Yeswhite ash Fraxinus americana G5 S5 No Yes YesEuropean ash Fraxinus excelsior G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesblack ash Fraxinus nigra G5 S5 No Yes Yesred ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica G5 S5 No Yes Yeshoney locust Gleditsia triacanthos G5 S2 Yes Yes Yesbutternut Juglans cinerea G3G4 S3? No Yes Yesblack walnut Juglans nigra G5 S4 No Yes Yes

trees A woody plant usually with a single stem which can reach heights of several metres.




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Peel

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eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana G5 S5 rare No Yes YesEuropean larch Larix decidua G? SE2 Yes Yes Yestamarack Larix laricina G5 S5 No Yes Yescommon apple Malus pumila G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yes Synonyms: Malus domestica, Pyrus maluswhite mulberry Morus alba G? SE5 Yes Yes Yeshop-hornbeam Ostrya virginiana G5 S5 No Yes YesNorway spruce Picea abies G? SE3 Yes Yes Yeswhite spruce Picea glauca G5 S5 No Yes Yesblack spruce Picea mariana G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Nojack pine Pinus banksiana G5 S5 Yes Yes Yesred pine Pinus resinosa G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yes Native status of this species is uncertain.white pine Pinus strobus G5 S5 No Yes YesScots pine Pinus sylvestris G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessycamore Platanus occidentalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesplane-tree Platanus x acerifolia GU SE1 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Platanus hybridawhite poplar Populus alba G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yesbalsam poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera G5 S5 No Yes Yeseastern cottonwood Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera G5 S5 No Yes Yeslarge-tooth aspen Populus grandidentata G5 S5 No Yes YesLombardy poplar Populus nigra G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yestrembling aspen Populus tremuloides G5 S5 No Yes Yeshybrid poplar Populus x berolinensis HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus laurifolia x Populus nigragray poplar Populus x canescens HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus tremulahybrid aspen Populus x heimbergeri HYB SE1 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus tremuloides

hybrid poplar Populus x jackii HYB S2 No Yes Yes= Populus balsamifera x Populus deltoides / Synonym: Populus x gileadensis

hybrid aspen Populus x rouleauiana HYB SE2 Yes Yes Yes = Populus alba x Populus grandidentatasweet cherry Prunus avium G? SE4 Yes Yes Yescherry plum Prunus cerasifera G? SE1 Yes Yes Yessour cherry Prunus cerasus G? SE1 Yes Yes Yesblack cherry Prunus serotina G5 S5 No Yes YesNanking cherry Prunus tomentosa G? SE1 Yes Yes Yescommon pear Pyrus communis G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yeswhite oak Quercus alba G5 S5 No Yes Yesswamp white oak Quercus bicolor G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesbur oak Quercus macrocarpa G5 S5 No Yes Yesred oak Quercus rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yes Quercus borealisblack oak Quercus velutina G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesblack locust Robinia pseudo-acacia G5 SE5 Yes Yes Yeswhite willow Salix alba G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yespeach-leaved willow Salix amygdaloides G5 S5 rare No Yes Yescrack willow Salix fragilis G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesblack willow Salix nigra G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yessassafras Sassafras albidum G5 S4 rare rare No Yes YesEuropean mountain-ash Sorbus aucuparia G5 SE4 Yes Yes Yes Synonym: Pyrus aucuparia




Variety

COSE

WIC

Prov

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tus

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tus

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Peel

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Peel

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ion

CVC

eastern white cedar Thuja occidentalis G5 S5 No Yes Yesbasswood Tilia americana G5 S5 No Yes Yeseastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis G5 S5 No Yes YesAmerican elm Ulmus americana G5? S5 No Yes Yesred elm Ulmus rubra G5 S5 No Yes Yesrock elm Ulmus thomasii G5 S4? rare rare No Yes Yes

oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus G? SE2 Yes Yes Yesclimbing bittersweet Celastrus scandens G5 S5 No Yes Yespurple clematis Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes No Historic record - 1891trailing arbutus Epigaea repens G5 S5 rare rare No Yes YesJapanese hops Humulus japonicus G? SE3 Yes Yes Yescommon hops Humulus lupulus var. lupulus G5 SE3? Yes Yes Yeslimber honeysuckle Lonicera dioica G5 S5 No Yes Yeshairy honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta G4G5 S5 rare rare No Yes Yesmoonseed Menispermum canadense G5 S4 rare No Yes Yescommon Virginia creeper Parthenocissus inserta G5 S5 No Yes Yes Synonym: Parthenocissus vitacea

poison-ivy Rhus radicans ssp. negundo G5T? S5 No Yes YesSynonyms: Rhus radicans ssp. radicans of PCF, Toxicodendron negundo

northern dewberry Rubus flagellaris G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesswamp dewberry Rubus hispidus G5 S4S5 rare rare No Yes Nodwarf raspberry Rubus pubescens G5 S5 No Yes Yesbristly greenbrier Smilax hispida G5Q S4 No Yes Yes Synonym: Smilax tamnoidesclimbing nightshade Solanum dulcamara G? SE5 Yes Yes Yesperiwinkle Vinca minor G? SE5 Yes Yes Yessummer grape Vitis aestivalis G5 S4 rare rare No Yes Yesfox grape Vitis labrusca G5 S1 Yes Yes Yesriverbank grape Vitis riparia G5 S5 No Yes Yes

woody vine A woody plant with trailing stems.


REFERENCES

1. Anderson, Allen. 1999. Herbarium and laboratory technician. Biology Department. University of Guelph. Personal communication and letters.

2. Anonymous. 1992. Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Queen's Printer. Toronto.

3. Argus, G.W., K.M. Pryer, D.J. White and C.J. Keddy. 1987. Atlas of the Rare Vascular Plants of Ontario. Botany Division. National Museum of Natural Sciences. Ottawa.

4. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2000. Canadian Species at Risk. COSEWIC. Ottawa.

5. Credit Valley Conservation (CVC). 1995. Credit Watershed Environmentally Significant Areas (ESA's): Update Report. Credit Watershed Natural Heritage Project - Background Report No. 3. CVC. Mississauga.

6. Credit Valley Conservation (CVC). 1996. Facing Change: A Business Plan for Watershed Management. CVC. Mississauga.

7. Credit Valley Conservation (CVC). 1999. Approved Terms of Reference – The Vascular Plants of Peel Region and the Credit River Watershed.

8. Crins, W.J. 1986. Vascular Plants of the Regional Municipality of Halton, Ontario. Unpub. MSS.

9. Ecologistics Limited. 1979. Credit River Watershed: Environmentally Significant Areas. Prepared for the Credit Valley Conservation Authority.

10. Fernald, M.L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany. 8th Ed. American Book Co. New York.

11. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, editors (FNA). 1993. Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford Univ. Press. New York.

12. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, editors (FNA). 1997. Flora of North America, North of Mexico. Vol. 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford Univ. Press. New York.

13. Geomatics International Inc. 1996. City of Mississauga Natural Areas Survey. Prepared for the Planning and Building Department. City of Mississauga.

14. Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. New York Botanical Gardens. New York.

15. Hanna, R. 1984. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 7-4. A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 7-4. Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Central Region. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

16. Hills, A. 1959. A Ready Reference to the Description of the Land of Ontario and its Productivity. Maple Research Station. Ontario Department of Lands & Forests.

17. Jalava, J.V., J.L. Riley, D.G. Cuddy and W.J. Crins. In prep. Natural Resources of Ontario: Revised Site Districts in Ecological Site Regions 6E and 7E. MSS. Natural Heritage Information Centre. OMNR. Peterborough.

18. Kaiser, J. 1983. Native and exotic plant species in Ontario: A numerical synopsis. The Plant Press.

19. Klinkenberg, R. 1984. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-1. A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 6-1. Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Central Region. Southwestern Region, London. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

20. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. MacMillan Publ. Co. New York.

21. Lindsay, K.M. 1984. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-7. A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas in Site District 6-7. Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Central Region. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.

22. Morris, Bob. 2001. CVC Biologist. Credit Valley Conservation. Mississauga. Personal communication.

23. Morton, J.K. & J.M. Venn. 1990. A Checklist of the Flora of Ontario Vascular Plants. Biology Series No. 34. University of Waterloo. Waterloo.

24. Newmaster, S.G., A. Lahela, P.W.C. Uhlig, S. McMurray and M.J. Oldham. 1998. Ontario Plant List. Forest Research Information Paper No. 123. Ontario Forest Research Institute. Sault Ste. Marie.

25. Oldham, M.J. 1999. Natural Heritage Resources of Ontario: Rare Vascular Plants. Natural Heritage Information Centre. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Peterborough.

26. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). 1981. The Ontario Geographical Referencing Grid. Surveys and Mapping Branch. OMNR. Toronto.

27. Peel, Regional Municipality of (Peel Region). 1998. State of the Environment: Land Report. Planning Department, Peel Region. Brampton.

28. Riley, J.R. 1989. Distribution and Status of the Vascular Plants of Central Region. Parks and Recreational Areas Section, Ministry of Natural Resources. Richmond Hill.

29. Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest Regions of Canada. Canadian Forestry Service. Department of the Environment. Publication No. 1300. Ottawa.

30. Stroud, J.J. 1941. A Study of the Flora of Wellington County, Ontario. Can. Field-Naturalist, 55:56-62; 73-76; 85-88; and 104-107.

31. Varga, Steve. 1983. County/Regional Vascular Plant Checklists for Southern Ontario: An Update. The Plant Press, 1(4):69-75.

32. Varga, Steve. 1999. District Ecologist. Aurora District. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Personal communication and letters.

33. Varga, Steve, D. Leadbeater, J. Webber, J. Kaiser, B. Crins, J. Kamstra, D. Banville, E. Ashley, G. Miller, C. Kingsley, C. Jacobsen, K. Mewa, L. Tebby, E. Mosley and E. Zajc. 2000. Distribution and Status of the Vascular Plants of the Greater Toronto Area. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Aurora District. MSS.

34. Voss, E.G. 1985. Michigan Flora: Part II - Dicots (Sauraceae - Cornaceae). Cranbrook Institute of Science & University of Michigan Herbarium. Ann Arbor.

35. Webber, J.M. 1984. The Vascular Plant Flora of Peel County, Ontario. Botany Press. Toronto.

Documents

Plants of the Credit River Watershed