PlantsModule 13

Plants share common characteristics

• Photosynthetic autotrophs(use the sun’s energy to make sugar/glucose)

• Multicellular(made of eukaryotic cells)

• Producers(are the base of the food web in ecosystems)

Plant Classification

2 major categories:1.Non-vascular

(no tubes / vessels)

2.Vascular(tubes/vessels for transport)

Plant Classification

Vascular plants are further divided1.Seedless

(use spores for reproduction)

2.Seeded(use seeds for reproduction)

Plant Classification

Seed plants are further divided1.Gymnosperms

(seeds in cones)

2.Angiosperms(seeds in fruits that develop from flowers)

STERNGRR Processes

Synthesis:

• Photosynthesis used to make food

• Protein synthesis Chloroplasts

STERNGRR Processes

Transport:

• Non-vascular plants use osmosis

• Vascular plants have xylem to transport water and phloem to transport food (in vascular bundle / vein)

WATER

FOOD

STERNGRR Processes

Excretion:• Tiny openings in the leaf called stomata allow

gas exchange; regulated by guard cells• Wastes may be stored in leaves that fall off in

autumn

STERNGRR Processes

Respiration:• Use oxygen and sugar to produce ATP for

energy

STERNGRR Processes

Nutrition:• Sugar produced in photosynthesis is used for

cellular respiration or stored for later use.

STERNGRR Processes

Growth and Development:• Seeds germinate to start the process of

development into a new plant

STERNGRR Processes

Asexual Reproduction:

• Occurs through the process of vegetative propagation

STERNGRR Processes

Spores:

• Produced by non-vascular and seedless vascular plants for reproduction

STERNGRR Processes

Seeds:• Found in cones in gymnosperms

• Found in fruits that develop from flowers in angiosperms

STERNGRR Processes

Flowers:• Male parts

Stamen - anther and filament

• Female partsPistil – stigma, style

and ovary

STERNGRR Processes

Flowers:• Pollination occurs

when pollen (male) is transferred to the stigma (female)

• Fertilization occurs when a sperm (in pollen) meets egg (in ovary)

STERNGRR ProcessesRegulation• Hormones – regulate growth and control responses to stimuli (Ex. auxin, cytokinen, ethylene)• Tropisms – growth responses to external stimuli

Plant Adaptations - Leaf

Cuticle Surface area

Carnivorous Protection

Plant Adaptations - Stem

Tuber Succulent

Tendrils Runners

Plant Adaptations - Root

Taproot Fibrous Roots

Root hairs