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Plants, Herbivores, and Parasitoids A Model System for the study of Tri-Trophic Associations. Katja Seltmann, NSF ADBC Digitization TCN, iDigBio Paleocollections Workshop, April 2012. (tcn.amnh.org). TCN Partners tcn.amnh.org. ENTOMOLOGY Randall Schuh, American Museum of Natural History - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Plants, Herbivores, and ParasitoidsA Model System for the study of Tri-Trophic Associations
Katja Seltmann, NSF ADBC Digitization TCN, iDigBio Paleocollections Workshop, April 2012.
(tcn.amnh.org)
TCN Partnerstcn.amnh.org
ENTOMOLOGY ▫ Randall Schuh, American Museum of Natural History▫ Christine Johnson, American Museum of Natural History▫ Christiane Weirauch, University of California, Riverside▫ John Heraty, University of California, Riverside▫ Charles Bartlett, University of Delaware▫ Benjamin Normark, University of Massachusetts, Amherst ▫ Katja Seltmann, American Museum of Natural History▫ Neal Evenhuis, BP Bishop Museum, Honolulu▫ David Kavanaugh ,California Academy of Sciences ▫ Stephen D. Gaimari ,California Dept. Food and Agriculture ▫ Chen Young, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg ▫ Boris C. Kondratieff, Colorado State University ▫ James K. Liebherr, Cornell University ▫ Dmitry Dmitriev, Illinois Natural History Survey ▫ Richard Brown, Mississippi State University ▫ Andy Deans, North Carolina State University ▫ David Maddison, Oregon State University▫ Christopher Marshall, Oregon State University ▫ John Oswald, Texas A&M University ▫ Kipling Will, University of California, Berkeley ▫ Caroline Chaboo , University of Kansas ▫ Michael Sharkey , University of Kentucky▫ John Pickering, University of Georgia
Data Contributors▫ Canadian National Collection, Ottawa▫ University of California, Davis▫ Kansas State University
BOTANY▫ Robert Naczi, New York Botanical Garden ▫ Robert Magill, Missouri Botanical Garden▫ Richard Rabeler, University of Michigan ▫ Melissa Tulig, New York Botanical Garden▫ Barbara Thiers, New York Botanical Garden▫ Kim Watson, New York Botanical Garden▫ Margaret Koopman, Eastern Michigan University ▫ Loy Phillippe, Illinois Natural History Survey▫ Deborah Lewis, Iowa State University ▫ Michael Vincent, Miami University ▫ Timothy Hogan, University of Colorado ▫ Mary Ann Feist, University of Illinois ▫ Craig Freeman, University of Kansas ▫ Christopher Cambell, University of Maine ▫ Anita Cholewa, University of Minnesota ▫ Beryl Simpson, University of Texas ▫ Kenneth Cameron, University of Wisconsin
Data Contributors▫ Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria▫ Consortium of California Herbaria▫ Southwest Biodiversity Consortium
A Tri-Trophic Approach•About 85% of Hemiptera are herbivorous with high
host specificity for many plant families (e.g., Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, and Poaceae)
•Hempitera are serious agricultural pests (armored scales, mealy bugs, potato leafhoppers, Lygus bugs)
•Vectors of viral and bacterial diseases (Green peach aphid is a vector of over 100 plant viruses)
•Parasitic Hymenoptera are very beneficial as biological control agents
•The relationship among these groups is of significant ecological and economic importance
A Tri-Trophic Example
Crop Plants(Solanaceae)
Aphids (Hemiptera)
ParasitoidsPlants Insect Herbivores
Parasitic wasps(Hymenoptera)
Produce fruits and tubers a significant economic value.
Pierce stems and leaves to feed on the plants – specialize on one species or numerous species, reduce plant vigor or transmit disease, cause reduction in yield or make fruits or tubers inedible.
Lay eggs directly inside the aphids and consume them from the inside out.
Is_parasitized_by
feeds_on
Is_fed_on_by
parasitizes
Species Diversity in the North American BiotaInsects Plants
Hemiptera Number of species
Coccoidea (scale insects) 986
Aphidoidea (plant lice) 1,532
Psylloidea (jumping plant lice) 176
Auchenorrhyncha (cicadas, hoppers) 4,629
Heteroptera 3,827
Total Hemiptera 11,150
Family Number of species
Apiaceae 250Asteraceae 2,400Chenopodiaceae 250Cupressaceae 30Cyperaceae 850Fabaceae 850Fagaceae 97Grossulariaceae 53Juglandaceae 17Lamiaceae 240Oleaceae 35Pinaceae 66Poaceae 1,400Polygonaceae 440Rhamnaceae 75Rosaceae 360Salicaceae 123Scrophulariaceae 430Solanaceae 85Zygophyllaceae 15
Total Plants 8,066
Parasitoid Hymenoptera Number of species
Aphelinidae 212
Encyrtidae 490
Mymaridae 187
Signiphoridae 19
Trichogrammatidae 131
Total Parasitoids 1,039
Insect Specimen DigitizationInstitutions (18) Specimens
databased% geo-
referencedPrior funding Specimens to
be databased
American Museum of Natural History 30,000 100 NSF-PBI 333,000
B. P. Bishop Museum 0 0 70,000
California Academy Sciences 4,000 100 NSF-PBI 40,000
California Dept. Food & Agriculture 1,000 100 NSF-PBI 75,000
Carnegie Museum 0 1 15,000
Colorado State University 0 1 15,000
Cornell University 0 1 30,000
Illinois Natural History Survey 36,000 100 NSF-REVSYS 73,000
Mississippi St. University 0 0 50,000
N. Carolina St. University 1,000 100 NSF-BRC 75,000
Oregon State University 1,000 100 40,000
Texas A&M University 15,000 100 NSF-PBI 150,000
University of California, Berkeley, Essig Mus. 12,000 92 NSF-PBI, NSF-BRC 45,000
University of California, Riverside 14,000 100 NSF-PBI, NSF-DBI 75,000
University of Delaware 2,000 0 20,000
University of Kansas 0 0 50,000
University of Kentucky 0 0 35,000
University Massachussetts 10,000 0 15,000
Total 126,000 1,206,000
Grand Total 1,332,000
Plant Specimen DigitizationInstitutions (14) Specimens
databased% geo-referenced
Prior funding Specimens to be databased
University of Colorado 51,000 0 67,000
Eastern Michigan Univ. 0 0 10,000
University of Illinois 0 0 30,000
Illinois Nat. Hist. Survey 308,000 17 94,000
Iowa State University 46,000 0 102,000
University of Kansas 129,000 65 97,000
University of Maine 100,000 0 34,000
University of Michigan 26,000 0 115,000
University of Minnesota 93,000 10 NSF- BRC 70,000
Missouri Botanical Garden 247,000 25 NSF-BRC 101,000
Miami University 14,000 5 35,000
New York Bot. Garden 102,000 30 NSF-BRC, NSF-PBI 274,000
University of Texas 105,000 10 105,000
University of Wisconsin 120,000 50 90,000
Total 1,341,000 1,224,000GRAND TOTAL 2,565,000
1,332,000 + 2,565,000
3,897,000
Data from usData from others
Data that fitsData that does not
----------cool stuff is in the specifics
What can be done with these 4,000,000 combined data records?•Systematics: assembly of specimen data•Biogeography: large data pool for studies of
endemism•Ecology: host-herbivore-parasitoid relationships and
origins•Conservation biology: management decision making•Agricultural sciences: invasive/pest species data and
management, identifications at ports•Climate change studies: ecological niche modeling;
phenological changes; distributional changesworkshop
TTD-TCN Critical Data Challenges
TTD-TCN Critical Challenges•Differences in workflow depending on trophic level▫Adequately train personnel▫transform data▫streamline process
• Insure accuracy of specimen identifications• Integrate data across databases ▫host data▫standardization
• Implement authority files for all groups• Long term sustainability
Train Personnel
30+ Institutions across the US
Botanical Collections
Streamlined Workflow for Rapid Data Entry
Streamlined Workflow for Rapid Data Entry
Entomological Collections
Accuracy of Identifications•Curation and collection staging• Imaging
Fitness for Use
Data Merging and Exposure
•Exposed through many portals▫Discover Life▫GBIF▫ iDigBio▫tcn.amnh.org (project website)
Host Darwin Core extension
Authority files working group
neo/paleo
Similarities (most things)•Many, many specimens in a collection
•No room for barcodes on some objects
•Much database work already done
•Lot vs Specimen (many specimens on one object)
•Community concerns (long term sustainability and funding)
•Protected data
•Slides
Slide Collections
Differences
Organization
Types
Time & locality
Thanks to:co-PIs and collaboratorsNational Foundation grant ADBC#1115144
nationalgeographic.com