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What is the group of flowering plants?
In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower?
What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?
What is the group of flowering plants?
In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower?
What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?
Angiosperms
Seeds
Fruits
A. Flowers
1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms
2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts
1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms
2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts
3. Parts of a flowera. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can
be green or brightly colored
b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower
sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies)
sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)
a. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can be green or brightly colored
b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower
sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies)
sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)
c. Reproductive structures of a flower1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive
structureUsually one per flower, in the centercontains stigma, style and ovary
2.Stamen- male reproductive structureUsually several per flower, around the pistil
(carpel)Contains anther and filament
1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive structureUsually one per flower, in the centercontains stigma, style and ovary
2.Stamen- male reproductive structureUsually several per flower, around the pistil
(carpel)Contains anther and filament
4. Types of flowersa. Perfect flowers- both male and female
parts, stamen and pistil/carpelEx lily
b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not bothEx zucchini
a. Perfect flowers- both male and female parts, stamen and pistil/carpelEx lily
b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not bothEx zucchini
Stamen: Male reproductive Structure
1. Stamen- contains anthers and filamentsa. Filament- stalk that holds anther
b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open
1. Stamen- contains anthers and filamentsa. Filament- stalk that holds anther
b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open
Pistil/Carpel: Female Reproductive Structure
2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary
a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollenb. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovaryc. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside
2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary
a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollenb. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovaryc. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside
OvaryOvary
Pollination3. Pollination- movement of pollen from
anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpelCan occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and
water
3. Pollination- movement of pollen from anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpelCan occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and
water
Pollinationa. Self pollination- pollen travels from
anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect
b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect
a. Self pollination- pollen travels from anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect
b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect
Fertilization
4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers
Takes place inside the pistil
4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers
Takes place inside the pistil
Steps of pollination and Fertilizationa. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistilb. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovaryc. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg isd. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seedf. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)
a. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistilb. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovaryc. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg isd. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seedf. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)
5. Seeds and fruits
a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules
b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them
c. Name some plants that have fruits.
a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules
b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them
c. Name some plants that have fruits.
All angiosperms have fruits
1. Seed partsa. Seed coat- protects the embryo
b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryoMonocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2
cotyledons)
a. Seed coat- protects the embryo
b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryoMonocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2
cotyledons)
Seed partsc. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and
cotyledons (develop into leaves)
d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower
c. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and cotyledons (develop into leaves)
d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower
2. Germination of seeds
Germination- development of embryo inside seed into a new plant with good soil and water
3. Seed dispersalSeed dispersal- Movement of seeds for
germination
By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur
Seed dispersal- Movement of seeds for germination
By wind, water, animals eating fruits and depositing seeds or carrying seeds on fur
Asexual reproduction
• 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent• Offspring are genetically identical to their parents
• 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent• Offspring are genetically identical to their parents
Types of Asexual Reproduction Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction
that uses plant parts to grow new plantsRunners- underground stems
Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems
Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases
Bulbs- leafy, underground stems
Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces
Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction that uses plant parts to grow new plantsRunners- underground stems
Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems
Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases
Bulbs- leafy, underground stems
Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces
Tropisms/Plant Responses
Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction)
Stimulus- a change that causes response
Ex: light, touch, gravity or water
Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction)
Stimulus- a change that causes response
Ex: light, touch, gravity or water
Positive TropismGrowth toward the stimulusGrowth toward the stimulus
Negative TropismGrowth away from the stimulusGrowth away from the stimulus
a. Phototropism
Plant’s growth in response to lightLeaves and stems grow towards light
Plant’s growth in response to lightLeaves and stems grow towards light
b. Gravitropism
Plant’s growth in response to gravityRoots grow towards gravity and stems
grow away from it
Plant’s growth in response to gravityRoots grow towards gravity and stems
grow away from it
c. Hydrotropism
Plant’s growth in response to waterRoots grow towards water
Plant’s growth in response to waterRoots grow towards water