Plants

Vascular vs. Non-vascular

Definition

• Vascular plants = contain tubelike, elongated cells through which water, food, and other materials are transported.

Non-vascular plantsMoss, etc. . .

Must live in moist habitats.

No fluid transport around plant.

Fluid moves from cell to cell.

Only a few cells thick.

Vascular plants

Vascular plants

• Generally contain xylem and phloem.• These two tissues extend from the leaves • to the roots, and are vital conduits

for water and nutrient transport. In a sense, they are to plants what veins and arteries are to animals.

Xylem and Phloem

• Xylem: dead tubular cells that transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to leaves.

• Phloem: living tubular cells that transport sugars from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

4 main types : Vascular plants

1. Seedless Vascular Plants• Lycophyta: (Name 2 kinds)• Sphenophyta: (Name 1 kind)• Pterophyta: Ferns (What is a

rhizome?) (Where are fern spores?)

p606

4 kinds : Vascular plants

2. Vascular plants with naked seedsGymnosperms: Produce seed in cones.

• Cycadophyta: (When did most of these live?) p615

• Ginkgophyta: (How many species are still on Earth?) p616

• Gnetophyta: (Describe one interesting feature of one Gnetophyta). p617 next.

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Still on vascular plants with Naked seeds.

• Coniferophyta: (draw the life cycle of a coniferopyta). p621

Why is the seed “Naked”?

The seed is not protected

by a fruit

nor does it have a flower.

Evergreen Plants

• Retain their leaves all year.

• Conifers are adapted to cold climates– Thick needle

cuticle to prevent water loss when dormant over winter.

Deciduous plants• Lose all leaves each winter.

– An adaptation to prevent water loss in winter dormant time.– Leaves lose the water in plants but also photosynthesis.– A few Conifers like larches and bald cypress are deciduous.

Design your own key

• Use the trees provided• Spend 30 seconds observing each tree

Look at:– Needle size– Shape– Color– Texture– Buds– Stem color, texture . . .

Create your key

• Separate trees based on characteristics.• Make up names for your tree species.• Make the key so that when I hand you a

new tree, you can identify it.

• Give your key to another group and have them identify a tree. If they have problems, change your key.

Needles

• Scaly smooth single

• Flat radial

QuizOpen note, open book

Name____________ pd _____1. Vascular tissue includes _________

a. Cotyledonsb. Rhizomes and phloemc. Megaspores and microsporesd. Xylem and phloem

2. What tissue is made up of dead, tubular cells that transport water and minerals?

3. The thick underground stem of a fern is what?

4. What type of tree loses its leaves in the winter?

5. What is one advantage to losing leaves in the winter?

6. What type of tree keeps its leaves in the winter?

7. What is one advantage to keeping leaves in the winter?

8. Name three plants by their common name and give their scientific Division.

9. You are looking for land upon which to build a house. You are shown a beautiful plot of land that is lush with ferns. It also has some club mosses and horsetails. Do you think it would be wise to build a house on this land? Explain why or why not?

Other Vascular plants• 3. Class Monocotyledoneae: Monocots• Flower parts in 3's or multiple of 3's; one cotyledon inside

seed; parallel leaf venation; includes Lilium, Amaryllis, Iris, Agave, Yucca, orchids, duckweeds, annual grasses, bamboos and palms.

• 4. Class Dicotyledoneae: Dicots• Flower parts in 4's or 5's; 2 cotyledons inside seed;

branched or net leaf venation; contains the most species of flowering herbs, shrubs and trees; includes roses (Rosa), buttercups (Ranunculus), clover (Trifolium), maple (Acer), basswood (Tilia), oak (Quercus), willow (Salix), kapok (Ceiba) and many more species.