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General Public Presentation
The Science (and Art) of Plant Disease Diagnosis
Brian D. Hudelson
Department of Plant Pathology
University of Wisconsin-Madison/Extension
Plant Disease DiagnosisThe Disease Triangle
Susceptible Host
PathogenFavorableEnvironment
Disease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
Plant Disease Diagnosis“Easy Money Diseases”
Powdery Mildew
Cedar-Apple Rust
Golden Canker
Black Knot
Plant Disease Diagnosis“The Rest . . .”
Sample
Diagnosis
Plant Disease DiagnosisThe Disease Triangle
Susceptible Host
PathogenFavorableEnvironment
Disease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
Plant Disease DiagnosisSusceptible Host
Colorado Blue Spruce
CytosporaCanker
SpruceNeedle Drop
RhizosphaeraNeedle Cast
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Plant Disease DiagnosisSusceptible Host
Varietal Differences
Plant Disease DiagnosisThe Disease Triangle
Susceptible Host
PathogenFavorableEnvironment
Disease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Necrotic Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Necrotic Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Necrotic Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Discolorations
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Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Discolorations
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Discolorations
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Overgrowth Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Overgrowth Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Undergrowth Symptoms
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Wilt Symptoms
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Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Spatial Patterns
Plant Disease DiagnosisSymptoms
Temporal Patterns
Plant Disease DiagnosisThe Disease Triangle
Susceptible Host
PathogenFavorableEnvironment
Disease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Macroscopic Examination
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Microscopic Examination
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Microscopic Examination
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Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Microscopic Examination
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Microscopic Examination
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Incubations and Isolations
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Bioassays
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
Serological Techniques
Plant Disease DiagnosisPathogens
DNA-Based Techniques
CCCTCAAGGCCGACGCTTAGCTCGGCCCGCAAAGCATACGACTCGGTGCAAATGAGCATAGGTTCCAAGCATAGAAGCCCTAGGCGCAATGTCTGGTGTGATCGTGCCGTGGGGGGAGGATAAAATGAGTAACCTGCAGTACTGCAACATTTTCTCGTCCGAAATCAACACTTATCTTCTCCATTCTGTGAACTTCTTAATTAGATATGGAACCTGGGCTACTATACAGCGTACGCGAGTTTCTTACGCGGGCGCATAGAGTCGCGCCATAGAATGAAGTGGGGGTAGCAGTCGCGTTAGCTGCCGTATAGAATGTGCCACGTCAGGACGTATCGTCCCAACCTCGAACTGCCGCTTTGATGGGTCCGGACTAATAAGTGCGGGGTCCATGTCAGCCAATTTCTGGTATCAATTAGATCACAGTTCTTCCCTAACGGTGTGCTGTACACGTCCATGCAATAAACGGTCCTACCCATAGTTTCTGGCTTTGAACAGATTGGGCATTGCGACTATCAAATGTCTCATTTAGCAGCAGTTGAGAGCGCAGCCTCATGGAATTTCCCAGCCTAGCAAGCATCGGAATTGTATGCACGCAAATCATGCCGTAAGCTA
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Plant Disease DiagnosisThe Disease Triangle
Susceptible Host
PathogenFavorableEnvironment
Disease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
NoDisease
Plant Disease DiagnosisFavorable Environment
• Collect information on weather– Rainfall vs. drought
– Driving vs. gentle rain
– Humidity
– Hail
– High winds
– Hot vs. cold temperatures
Plant Disease DiagnosisFavorable Environment
• Collect information on weather–Winter conditions• Snow cover
• Ice sheets
• Freezing and thawing
• Fall/winter transitions
Plant Disease DiagnosisFavorable Environment
• Collect information on soils – Clay vs. sandy
–Well vs. poorly drained
– Flat vs. sloped
– Fertility and pH
Plant Disease DiagnosisFavorable Environment
• Collect information on chemical sources– Fertilizer applications
– Pesticide applications
– Air pollutant point sources
– Heating systems
Plant Disease DiagnosisPutting It All Together
Drought
+
++
+Late Blight =
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Plant Disease DiagnosisPutting It All Together
Plant Disease DiagnosisNew Diseases
Koch’s Postulates• Link a pathogen with
symptoms on a given host
• Isolate the pathogen in pure culture
• Inoculate plants and reproduce symptoms
• Re-isolate the pathogen from inoculated plants
Plant Disease DiagnosisAbiotic Disorders
Chlorosis
Blossom End Rot
Imprelis Injury
2,4-D Injury Urine Damage
Salt Damage
Plant Disease DiagnosisAbiotic Disorders
Cold Injury
Heat Injury
Drought Stress
Winter Injury Improper Planting
Plant Disease DiagnosisNon-Diseases
Maple Eyespot Gall
Broad Mite Injury
Stink Horns
Slime Mold
Plant Disease DiagnosisWhere to Go for Help
Plant Disease Diagnostics ClinicDepartment of Plant Pathology
University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Drive
Madison, WI 53706-1598(608) 262-2863
[email protected]://pddc.wisc.edu
Follow on Facebook and Twitter @UWPDDC
