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Planning Tool
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Allocation Planning Tool for DeterminingAllocation Planning Tool for Determiningthe Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributedthe Optimal Location and Sizing of Distributed
Generations in Provincial Electricity Authority ofGenerations in Provincial Electricity Authority ofThailandThailand
By Poonsak Saraisuwan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
OutlineOutline
• Introduction• Problem formulation• DG allocation planning tool• Case studies and simulation
results• Conclusion
• Introduction• Problem formulation• DG allocation planning tool• Case studies and simulation
results• Conclusion
IntroductionIntroduction• Electrical energy consumption has
been increasing in every years.• This consumption must be met by
enlarging the capacity of generation,transmission, and distribution systems.
• Distributed generations (DG) offer thesolution to generation and distributionsystems constraints.
• The installation of DG units at non-appropriate location and sizing canresult in an increasing in power lossesor violations of system constraints.
100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
GWh
Year
The forecast of electrical energy from 2006 - 2015
From : http://www.eppo.go.th
• Electrical energy consumption hasbeen increasing in every years.
• This consumption must be met byenlarging the capacity of generation,transmission, and distribution systems.
• Distributed generations (DG) offer thesolution to generation and distributionsystems constraints.
• The installation of DG units at non-appropriate location and sizing canresult in an increasing in power lossesor violations of system constraints.
DG
Reducing totalsystem power
lossesImproving power
transactions
From : http://www.eppo.go.th
Introduction (cont’)Introduction (cont’)
• Development of DG allocation planning tool for determiningthe optimal location and sizing of distributed generations
• Writing DIgSILENT Programming Language (DPL) scriptin DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.
• There are two objective functions subjected to practicalsystem constraints that can be selected by users.
• Daily load curve data are incorporated into the analysis tool.• Analytical results
– Output windows of PowerFactory– Microsoft Excel
• Development of DG allocation planning tool for determiningthe optimal location and sizing of distributed generations
• Writing DIgSILENT Programming Language (DPL) scriptin DIgSILENT PowerFactory software.
• There are two objective functions subjected to practicalsystem constraints that can be selected by users.
• Daily load curve data are incorporated into the analysis tool.• Analytical results
– Output windows of PowerFactory– Microsoft Excel
Problem FormulationProblem FormulationThe objective functions of DG allocation is formulated as aminimization of energy losses function or a maximization ofbenefit to cost ratio.
1. DGMin f EL Planning and recommendationby electric utilities
Using
2. BMax fC
Planning and recommendationby electric utilities
Using Investment planning byelectric utilities or investor-owned utilities
Selection
Problem Formulation (cont’)Problem Formulation (cont’)According to Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) ofThailand regulations for DG connection1. System loading• composed of line and transformer loading
limit must be kept within 90 %
2. Voltage limit• Voltages limit at each bus must be stay
within 0.95-1.05 pu.
3. Reverse power• Total electric power generated by DG may
be larger than the total loads in the samedistribution system.
• The surplus power called reverse power• Reverse power flow back into the substation
is restricted by limiting DG capacity not toexceed power load on the system.
max
maxi i
i i
L L
TR TR
S S
S S
min maxi i iV V V
1. System loading• composed of line and transformer loading
limit must be kept within 90 %
2. Voltage limit• Voltages limit at each bus must be stay
within 0.95-1.05 pu.
3. Reverse power• Total electric power generated by DG may
be larger than the total loads in the samedistribution system.
• The surplus power called reverse power• Reverse power flow back into the substation
is restricted by limiting DG capacity not toexceed power load on the system.
min maxi i iV V V
0withDGlevelP
SingleBusbar(1)/B..
SingleBusbar/BB
Load
Line
Substation
DIgSILENT
+P
-P
4. Short circuit level• short circuit current limits at point of
common coupling, within 25 %• short circuit current interrupting
capacity limits due to DGconnection, within 85 %
5. Step voltage change• comparison of voltage at each bus
between prior and after DGconnection
6. Energy losses• comparison of total energy losses
between prior and after DGconnection
Problem Formulation (cont’)Problem Formulation (cont’)
, , /
, /
,
,
( )100
100
SC DG SC w oDG
SC w oDG
SC DG
SC rate
I IIPCC
II
ICI
, / ,
, /100
4% 4%
i w oDG i wDGi
i w oDG
i
V VVC x
VVC
4. Short circuit level• short circuit current limits at point of
common coupling, within 25 %• short circuit current interrupting
capacity limits due to DGconnection, within 85 %
5. Step voltage change• comparison of voltage at each bus
between prior and after DGconnection
6. Energy losses• comparison of total energy losses
between prior and after DGconnection
, / ,
, /100
4% 4%
i w oDG i wDGi
i w oDG
i
V VVC x
VVC
/
/100
2%
DG w oDG
w oDG
EL ELPELEL
PEL
Problem Formulation (cont’)Problem Formulation (cont’)
The exterior penalty function
max 2 max
min 2 min
min max
( )
( ) ( )
0i
i i i i
i i i i
i i i
x x if x x
h x x x if x x
if x x x
Penalty function
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )i i Sub i i iPE h V h S h P h IC h IPCC h VC h PEL
Total penalty function
1. DGMin f EL PE 2. B PEMax f
C
miniX
maxiX
DG allocation planning toolDG allocation planning tool
1. Input systems section- GIS- Create new project
2. Calculation engine- Writing DPL Script
3. Report section- DIgSILENT PowerFactory- Microsoft Excel
1
DG Planning ToolDG Planning Tool
1. Input systems section- GIS- Create new project
2. Calculation engine- Writing DPL Script
3. Report section- DIgSILENT PowerFactory- Microsoft Excel
2
3
The proposed DG Allocation AlgorithmThe proposed DG Allocation Algorithm
Input ParameterInput Parameter
DPL Script
Load flow calculationLoad flow calculation
kN
kt
kN
24 duration1
k
k
Nt hour
Daily Load CurveFlowchart of the time sweep function
Case studies and simulation resultsCase studies and simulation results
9-bus test system
SlackBus
Bus4
Bus1
Bus2
Bus3
Bus7
Bus6Bus5
Bus9
Bus8
ExternalGrid
Line
GeneralLoad
Line(1)GeneralL..
Line(2)Line(3)
General L..Load 7
General L..
GeneralL..
GeneralL..
General L..
Line(7)
Line(6)
Line(5)
Line(4)
DIgSILENT
Topic Result
The first objective functionLocationSizingThe comparison Energy losses
Bus 42.10 MW
Reduce 63.44 %
The second objective functionLocationSizingThe comparison Energy losses
Bus 33.25 MW
Reduce 56.29 %The sizing of DG is varied from 0.05 - 8 MW.
The first objective function values at all locationsand sizes of DG evaluated in one day
The results of the second objective function at alllocations and sizes of DG in 5 year
The sizing of DG is varied from 0.05 - 8 MW.
Minimum point Maximum point
The 437-bus of PEA distribution system whichis imported to PowerFactory
Case studies and simulation resultsCase studies and simulation resultsTopic Result
The first objective functionLocationSizingThe comparison Energy losses
NRB02N_2425.5 MW
Reduce 81.03 %
The second objective functionLocationSizingThe comparison Energy losses
NRB02N_1345.5 MW
Reduce 37.90 %
Results of the second objective function at theoptimal location with various sizes of DG
The 437-bus of PEA distribution system whichis imported to PowerFactory
Results of the first objective function and energylosses at the optimal location with various sizes of DG
ConclusionConclusion• The proposed DG allocation planning tool could be efficiently
and effectively used for determining the optimal location andsizing of DG.
• The planning tool can be used for practical distributionsystems.
• The planning tool considering both technical and economicconditions can reduce total energy losses under normal andpractically constrained conditions.
• The planning tool lead a higher efficiency level of powergeneration and distribution systems.
• The proposed DG allocation planning tool could be efficientlyand effectively used for determining the optimal location andsizing of DG.
• The planning tool can be used for practical distributionsystems.
• The planning tool considering both technical and economicconditions can reduce total energy losses under normal andpractically constrained conditions.
• The planning tool lead a higher efficiency level of powergeneration and distribution systems.
AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment
• Chiang Mai University• Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand
Thank you forThank you foryour kind attentionyour kind attention