planning foundation · This chapter draws from past and concurrent planning efforts as well as recent site surveys and stakeholder interviews. planning foundation. 32 | University

v o l u m e o n e chapter 3 planning foundation | 29

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planning foundation

chapter 3planning foundation

V O L U M E O N E

chapter 3If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is

where they should be. now put the foundations under them.

H e n R y d Av I d T H o R e A u


IN THIS cHapTer

Regional and local Context

History of uW Campus Planning and design

Campus Conditions (2010)

development opportunities

3A study of existing conditions of the university of Wyoming campus provides a baseline for planning and helps shape the key decisions and directions set during the long Range development Plan process. This chapter draws from past and concurrent planning efforts as well as recent site surveys and stakeholder interviews.

planning foundation

32 | U n i v e r s i t y o f W y o m i n g long range development plan

Regional and Local ContextThe university of Wyoming (uW) campus has a unique identity that is based in part on its distinctive climate and history. The university of Wyoming is located in the southeastern corner of Wyoming within the City of laramie. laramie is located on the high laramie Plains at an eleva-tion of 7,220 feet between two mountain ranges: the Snowy Range, about twenty miles to the west; and the laramie Range, seven miles to the east. The laramie River runs through laramie toward its conflu-ence with the north Platte River east of the laramie Range.

laramie lies in the Wyoming Basin eco-region, where native vegetation is short, mixed-grass prairie dominated by numer-ous grasses and shrub species. Because of the high elevation, winters are rela-tively long, and summers tend to be short and mild. The climate is generally a cool, semi-arid continental climate with annual precipitation at about ten inches per year and an annual snowfall of 42 inches.

LARAMIE SETTLEMENT HISTORYlaramie was formed in 1866 as a tent city and was named for Jacques laRamie, a French-Canadian fur trapper who was

WYOMING COLORADO UTAH

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Cheyenne

Laramie

Gillette

Black Hills NF

Wind Cave NP

Nebraska NF

Roosevelt NF

Rocky Mountain NP

Boulder

Fort CollinsRoutt NF

Medicine Bow NF

Shoshone NF

Bighorn NF

Teton NF

Yellowstone NP

Grand Teton NP

Beaverhead NF

Targhee NF

Caribou NF

Bridger NF

Cache NF

Wasatch NF

Ashley NF

Uinta NFProvo

Ogden

Casper

Albany County

Badlands NP

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Prior to Wyoming’s statehood,

the University of Wyoming

was established in 1886 by the

Territorial Legislature as a land-

grant college on a 20-acre tract

of prairie at the eastern edge of

Laramie.

TOp LEfT:

Regional context

bOTTOM:

Foothills east of Laramie

OppOSITE pAgE TOp:

University land holdings in Laramie

OppOSITE pAgE MIddLE:

Early Laramie settlement

OppOSITE pAgE bOTTOM:

Laramie train depot

planning foundation


one of the first europeans to visit the area. The union Pacific Railroad is credited for the development of laramie, with the first train arriving in town on may 9, 1868. The railroad was the largest employer in the town until after WWII. In January 1874, the first legal town government was established, along with many of lara-mie’s historic buildings. At least twenty sites in laramie are included on the na-tional Register of Historic Places (nRHP). laramie’s earliest buildings were oriented along and perpendicular to the railroad track. These buildings help form the city’s downtown Historic district, located on 1st, 2nd and 3rd Streets; and Ivinson Street and Grand Avenue.

Prior to Wyoming’s statehood, the univer-sity of Wyoming was established in 1886 by the Territorial legislature as a land-grant college on a 20-acre tract of prairie at the eastern edge of laramie. old main, located in the southwest area of west cam-pus, once contained the entire university. At the time there was little to no develop-ment east of 15th Street.

CAMpUS/COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIplaramie’s economy is largely driven by the university, and both the City and the university’s futures are closely linked. The expansion of uW was inherently connect-ed to the growth and development of the City of laramie during the first fifty years of its existence. The two primary campus structures were built before the turn of the

chapter 3


century (old main and the mechanical Arts Building) and helped to establish the eastern border of the city. over the next century the university expanded through-out the eastern part of the city, intercon-necting with residential neighborhoods. Today, there is a lack of primary connec-tions that link downtown laramie to the university of Wyoming.

History of UW Campus Planning and Design The campus landscape and buildings of the university of Wyoming represent more than a century of dynamic growth and change. As summarized in Chapter 1, the university has completed three major campus-wide plans over the course of its 123-year history:

• university of Wyoming Greater uni-versity Campus master Plan, 1924;

• university of Wyoming Campus master Plan, 1966; and

• university of Wyoming Preliminary master Plan, 1991

UNIVERSITY Of WYOMINg gREATER UNIVERSITY CAMpUS MASTER pLAN, 1924As early as 1909, the need for a plan had been championed by uW President Charles o. merica. By 1920, the cam-pus had grown from 40 to 62 acres, and three years later, it had expanded further eastward to encompass a total of 92 acres. In 1924, laramie architect Wilbur Hitchcock, along with the denver-based landscape architecture firm of mcCrary, Cully and Carthart, drafted a develop-ment plan for the future growth of the

One of the campus’ most

prominent open spaces

was graded and landscaped

in 1928 and later came

to be known as Prexy’s

Pasture (named after

the University’s former

president).

TOp LEfT ANd RIgHT:

UW campus evolution 1900-1925

planning foundation


laramie Campus: University of Wyoming Greater University Campus Master Plan. At that time, the campus was bounded by Ivinson Avenue on the south; 9th Street to the west; 15th Street to the east; and lewis Street on the north.

landscape architecture was an integral component of the plan, which estab-lished the configuration of major buildings around a quadrangle of open space—a classic design employed for university cam-puses across America. This open space was graded and landscaped in 1928 and

later came to be known as Prexy’s Pas-ture. Roadways extended around Prexy’s Pasture and connected both the 13th and Fremont Street entrances. The basic con-figuration of the plan has been followed as new buildings were erected in the fol-lowing decades around the central open space.

THE UNIVERSITY Of WYOMINg CAMpUS MASTER pLAN, 1966 The 1966 Plan was informed by the 1965 Academic Plan enrollment projections, which were based on demographics pre-dicted for the years 1965-1975. new facilities included remodeled buildings, parking lot and athletic field areas, as well as undeveloped reserve areas. The facili-ties were planned to support student en-rollment at 8,000; 10,000; and 12,000. Some of the plan’s significant recommen-dations included closure of 15th Street to automobile traffic, designation of parking and lawn areas, and development plans for 1970, 1973 and 1976—based on projected enrollment.

TOp LEfT ANd RIgHT:

UW Campus evolution 1950-2000

bOTTOM:

Prexy’s Pasture ringed with parking

chapter 3


UNIVERSITY Of WYOMINg pRELIMINARY MASTER pLAN, 1991The 1991 Plan provided direction for con-tinuing physical development of the cam-pus. The plan identified districts or zones designated for particular uses around campus to guide future development. Academic and research facilities, resi-dence facilities, student services facilities, and athletics and recreation facilities de-fine the primary districts of the university. A circulation framework was developed that identified major vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian routes; secondary, emergency and service vehicle routes; and existing and proposed parking areas. This in-cluded closing Prexy’s Pasture and lewis and 15th Streets to through vehicle traf-fic. other critical components of the plan included the preservation of Central Cam-pus as a walking campus, articulation of campus entries and the preservation of historic development.

.

pLANNINg SINCE 1991Along with these master plans, the uni-versity has undergone several strategic, academic, and facility planning efforts since the 1991 master Plan. As part of the lRdP planning process, the existing conditions review included an analysis of these plans to insure consistency and prevent duplication of efforts. A complete list of these plans can be found in volume III of the lRdP. most are also available on the university website.

TOp LEfT:

UW Plaza developed along Grand Avenue

TOp RIgHT:

Anthropology Building along Lewis Stree

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map 3A campus Zones The campus can be broken into three primary areas for planning including West Cam-pus between 9th Street and 15th Street, Central Campus between 15th Street and 22nd Street, and east Campus east of 22nd Street.

map 3A campus Zones



planning foundation


Campus Conditions (2010)The unique physical and historical char-acteristics of the area have helped uW establish a visual identity that is distinct from campuses in other parts of the coun-try. Historically, the university developed on the western portion of the existing

campus. While western campus contains the concentration of historic buildings and traditional open spaces, development on eastern campus has an open feel, with more opportunities for new growth. The variety and organization of uses between the eastern and western areas of campus also creates different opportunities for fu-ture development.

AbOVE:

Looking west in Prexy’s Pasture

RIgHT:

Campus edge along 9th Street


Based on the physical separation by the existing street network, the lRdP catego-rizes three different geographical areas of campus: West Campus, between 9th and 15th Streets; Central Campus, between 15th and 22nd Streets; and east Campus, between 22nd and 30th Streets.

A description of the campus conditions can be organized into the following six general elements: land and Building uses, open Space System, Circulation and Parking, Signage and Wayfinding, utility Infrastructure, and Sustainability.

AbOVE:

Cheney International Building


[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ] l a N d a N d b u l d I N g u S e S

uW’s academic and research facilities are concentrated on historic West Campus and the portion of Central Campus that is southeast and due east of Greenhill Cem-etery. Campus and student support facili-ties, including university administration, are primarily located on West Campus with the strongest concetration immediate-ly east and southeast of Prexy’s Pasture.

Athletics and recreation facilities are clus-tered on Central Campus around the War memorial Stadium southeast of Greenhill Cemetery and east Campus northwest of Willett drive and 22nd Street. The major-ity of general services such as shipping/receiving, storage and the Central energy Plant are located on the northern edge of Central Campus along Harney Street.

TOp LEfT:

Rochelle Athletic Center

TOp MIddLE:

Health Sciences Building on West Campus

TOp RIgHT:

Willett Bungalows

bOTTOM LEfT:

UW Arena

K e y a S S e T S

• There are several cohesive districts including academic and research on West Cam-pus, athletics on Central Campus, and student housing on east Campus.

• The location of the athletic and recreation facilities allows for ample parking and sharing of these facilities with the City.

• The Wyoming Technology Business Center (WTBC) has potential for growth, as well as sufficient land area for expansion.

m a j o r I S S u e S a N d c H a l l e N g e S

• Student housing is separated from West Campus and is in need of modernization. There are limited safe and efficient routes for pedestrians and bicyclists that connect campus housing with other major land uses.

• There is a general lack of a distinctive campus edge and prominent gateways at major campus entrances.

• The distance between facilities on West Campus and facilities east of 15th Street can result in challenging walking times between classes and the isolation of stu-dents, faculty, and staff.


Source: University of Wyoming

map 3B existing campus uses



The uW campus has several types of open space, including campus plazas, campus greens, campus entry courts, recreational fields and collegiate sports facilities. Two major historic open spaces described in the 1924 master Plan, and protected by state statute, restrict development potential on these areas: Prexy’s Pasture and the Southwest Campus Green. The recreation

and athletic fields east of 22nd Avenue, including Jacoby Golf Course east of 30th Street, are extensively programmed open spaces. The largest plaza space on-cam-pus is located above the Science library Annex in the center of the sciences quad. There are also a number of entry courts of varying scales.

LEfT: Landscaped entry to Old Main

MIddLE: Prexy’s Pasture

RIgHT: Corbett Building open space

[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ] o p e N S pa c e S y S T e m

K e y a S S e T S

• The formal open spaces on-campus provide a strong organizational structure for the main Campus and westernmost east Campus. Fraternity mall is a unifying ele-ment for the sororities and fraternities on Central Campus.

• existing open spaces and opportunities for new open space on developable land allow new development to incorporate the natural environment into the design of buildings.

• The university owns land extending east of Jacoby Golf Course to 45th Street that is currently undeveloped and can be kept in reserve.

• The recreation fields east of 22nd Street provide a model for campus-community partnerships.


• The conversion of Prexy’s Pasture and much of West Campus to pedestrian-only has made access for elderly and disabled individuals more challenging.

• The Greenhill Cemetery contributes to a real and perceived division of the east and west portions of campus.

• Fraternity mall is bordered by streets and parking, creating an unsafe and uninvit-ing open space.

• many buildings are oriented towards one or two major entry plazas, leaving one or more edges of a facility as potential service entrances.



map 3C open Space path System



local and regional connections serve an important role in campus access, with more than two-thirds of the students and campus employees commuting from off-campus locations. Bicycle facilities on-campus include routes designated with signage, striped bicycle lanes with sig-nage and off-street multi-use paths. The pedestrian system on-campus consists of sidewalks along roadways and pedes-trian paths throughout campus, lighting

and roadway crossing facilities such as painted crosswalks, signage, pedestrian signals and push buttons. The uW transit system includes a number of shuttle routes and paratransit services that link major activity centers and parking locations. In addition, existing parking lots can be found throughout campus, and there are several opportunities for on street parking along local streets.

LEfT:

Bus stop east of Half Acre Gymnasium

MIddLE:

Parking along southwest campus green

RIgHT:

Biking along Sorority Row

K e y a S S e T S

• There is adequate capacity to accommodate current and future automobiles on the roadway systems that serve the campus and there are no areas of significant conges-tion.

• The campus bicycle system has the potential to connect the West and east Campuses and overcome a difficult walking distance.

• The majority of sidewalks and pedestrian crossings meet minimum traffic engineering requirements.

• The network of campus shuttles provides a viable alternative to automobiles and the recent refinements to the shuttle system have led to a steady increase in ridership.


• even a small amount of delay or congestion can be perceived as a problem due to the generally low traffic volumes throughout laramie.

• Increasing bicycle use is resulting in conflict between bicyclists and pedestrians. As a result, bicycle parking, widths of shared bicycle and pedestrian pathways, lighting and crossings all require improvement.

• There are several busy streets limiting safe access throughout campus. Several oppor-tunities exist to enhance pedestrian crossing treatments.

• 15th Street presents a real and perceived barrier between West and Central Campus. • Few transit connections to downtown or other off-campus destinations are currently

available.• A number of parking spaces are currently underutilized and proximity to campus is a

key factor. There is adequate supply, but spaces are not located next to key destina-tions.

• The lots in east Campus are out-of-direction for efficient use by commuters arriving from the west and a high percentage of commuters are alternatively parking in neigh-borhoods adjacent to West Campus.

[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ] c I r c u l aT I o N a N d pa r K I N g


map 3d existing Transportation



map 3e Existing Parking





existing and potential signage and way-finding on the university of Wyoming campus includes gateway elements, campus identity and branding, vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle wayfinding, and building identity. uW branding histori-cally includes the university colors (brown

and gold) and Steamboat image that serve to brand the university and the State of Wyoming. many of the older buildings also have names on small sandstone mon-ument signs, or inscribed on the surface of the buildings.

LEfT: Building signage

MIddLE: Campus wayfinding

RIgHT: Entry marker

[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ] S I g N a g e a N d way f I N d I N g

K e y a S S e T S

• The majority of campus is signed, and individual buildings have been consistently identified with brown painted aluminum panel signs that are easy to read and maintain.

• monument signs and statues along Grand Avenue help to locate the university and some newer buildings such as the Technology Business Center and the Conference Center.


• opportunities to strengthen university identity are missed at arrival points, both entering the City of laramie and at several campus entry points.

• The campus edge lacks a distinctive design, and there are insufficient markers directing visitors to and from campus.

• Without a signage plan, signs have been added as needed, resulting in a variety of sign shapes, type styles, colors, materials, inconsistent nomenclature and an unclear signage hierarchy.

• There are few campus orientation maps, and building identity signage is relied on to convey information about departments and destinations within particular build-ings.

• Signage for the shuttle system is currently very limited, not only for shuttle stops, but routes and schedules as well.

• The larger size and font of signs for auto oriented uses could facilitate increased speeds.

58 | U n i v e r s i t y o f W y o m i n g long range development plan58 | U n i v e r s i t y o f W y o m i n g long range development plan

Services and infrastructure on the uW cam-pus include potable water and raw water for irrigation, sanitary sewers, electric-ity, steam, chilled water, gas, compressed air and the stormwater system. Potable water is provided by the City of laramie. The sanitary sewers are also provided by the City outside of the campus borders. Stormwater on-campus is collected and discharged through the municipal storm sewer system. The West Campus purchases electricity from Rocky mountain Power. A

small, photovoltaic array has been installed to the south of the Indoor Practice Facility. The campus uses a Central energy Plant (CeP) that produces steam heat, chilled wa-ter and compressed air. The steam boilers can be fired using coal, natural gas or oil, and connect to campus through over five miles of tunnels. natural gas on-campus is distributed to individual housing areas (me-tered by housing unit), laboratory uses, a few boilers in outlying buildings and incin-erators around campus.

LEfT:

Above ground utilities screened by landscaping

MIddLE:

Utility access

RIgHT:

New stormwater system at WTBC

[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ]u T I l I T y I N f r a S T r u c T u r e

K e y a S S e T S

• The uW campus has numerous wells to provide irrigation of the campus.• The university of Wyoming supplies its own raw water. The City’s restriction program

to reduce irrigation use during times of drought does not apply to the university’s raw water supply.

• The laramie Comprehensive Plan (2007) indicates a water base capacity able to serve roughly twice the current demand.

• The university is currently undergoing a utilities master Plan planning effort.


• Additional boiler capacity is likely necessary to significantly increase distribution of the steam system.

• Additional chillers would have to be installed to increase the production of chilled water.• The cost of extending tunnels and piping systems to east Campus will need to be

analyzed against the possible savings in heating and cooling costs of using the steam system.

• Consolidation and rerouting of natural gas mains may be required with development of the east Campus.


LEfT:

ACRES Student Farm

MIddLE:

Light shelves

RIgHT:

Solar panels

Sustainability is an underlying priority throughout the long range development planning process, and can be evaluated

by considering the constellation of energy and resource uses that maintain the campus.

[ c a m p u s c o n d i t i o n s ] S u S Ta I N a b I l I T y

K e y a S S e T S

• uW has access to an abundance of natural resources from coal and natural gas to wind and solar.

• energy assets at the university include recent upgrades in efficiency to the Central energy Plant (CeP) and individual buildings which has kept coal and gas use on-campus relatively constant for the past two decades despite new building construc-tion.

• The campus has established standards of performance in design as well as energy and water consumption by adopting the requirement that all new construction and major renovation will strive to meet leed® Silver standards.

• The campus has sustainable purchasing requirements and a database that includes extensive information on available sustainable materials and products.

• An existing social asset on-campus is the interest in sustainable practices such as organic, fair trade coffee and re-usable mugs; corn-based compostable containers; an effort to compost food scraps; and the recycling program.


• Renewable energy does not make a significant contribution to electrical use, and despite upgrades, electricity consumption has increased dramatically in the past two decades.

• Although natural gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel, and the CeP is capable of burning natural gas exclusively, it currently is not the primary fuel used for heating the main part of campus.

• There are no requirements for existing buildings to meet leed® eB standards or their equivalent.

• Some potable water is currently being used for irrigation.

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map 3F opportunity areas

The university has an abundance of development opportunities to accommodate future growth on-campus. These opportunities exist on both university owned and non-univer-sity owned property. existing development potential on the uW campus includes infill, expansion, redevelopment and new development.


map 3F opportunity areas




on West Campus, the most significant fu-ture development opportunities involve ex-panding the existing campus boundaries south of Ivinson Avenue and north of lewis Street. Property acquisitions and redevel-opment plans along lewis Street create an opportunity to redefine the northern edge of West Campus. Similarly, property acqui-sitions between Ivinson Street and Grand Avenue provide the university with an op-portunity to redefine a public edge along Grand Avenue. Beyond what is currently included in the Capital Facilities Plan, fur-ther development on West Campus will likely require additional property acquisi-tion and assembly.

TOp LEfT:

Wyoming Union

TOp RIgHT:

Lewis Street

MIddLE RIgHT:

Prexy’s Pasture

bOTTOM RIgHT:

West Campus Academics

west campusdevelopment opportunities


The 15th Street corridor continues to pose a significant challenge to linking Central and east Campuses with West Campus. High traffic volumes and speeds coupled with several locations with limited visibil-ity result in dangerous crossings and an unpleasant pedestrian environment. The division created by traffic on 15th Street is amplified by the Greenhill Cemetery. Academic and research facilities that have developed east of the cemetery and Fraternity mall are isolated from the aca-demic and research core of campus. In addition, travel distances for students be-tween east and West Campuses can be challenging within the current ten-minute break between classes.

There is ample opportunity to expand the Wyoming Technology Business Center and/or develop new uses near this loca-tion that complement this very successful venture. In addition, five relatively large parking lots surrounding the Corbett Facil-ity and the Fine Arts Center provide po-tential development opportunities in this area of campus. However, redevelopment of additional parking lots may begin to put a strain on the parking supply and the university’s ability to meet demand.

TOp LEfT:

Wyoming Technology Business Center

TOp RIgHT:

Centennial Complex

bOTTOM RIgHT:

15th Street

central campusdevelopment opportunities


There is significant development potential on east Campus including both redevelop-ment and new development opportunities. one of the major drivers of the current planning effort involves the Summit view apartments southeast of the 22nd Street and Willett drive intersection. many stake-holders have identified the “barracks” as an eyesore that is outdated and inade-quate in meeting the needs of existing and potential residents.

The intersection of Harney Street and 22nd Street provides a unique opportunity as it is the only intersection on-campus that is completely undeveloped. university land holdings extend east to 45th Street, but development potential east of Jacoby Golf Course is limited due to City restrictions related to the underlying aquifer and drainage.

TOp LEfT:

Summit View Apartments

TOp RIgHT:

Harney Street

MIddLE RIgHT:

22nd Street looking north

bOTTOM RIgHT:

River Village Apartments

east campusdevelopment opportunities

Documents

planning foundation · This chapter draws from past and concurrent planning efforts as well as recent site surveys and stakeholder interviews. planning foundation. 32 | University