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SEWRPC Planning Report No. 52

A REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PLAN FOR SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN

Chapter V

PLANNING OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES, AND STANDARDS INTRODUCTION

Planning is a rational process for formulating and meeting objectives. Therefore, the formulation of objectives is an essential task which must be undertaken before a comprehensive plan can be prepared and evaluated. Objectives guide the preparation of plans and, when converted to specific measures of plan effectiveness, termed standards, provide the structure for evaluating how well the plan meets planning objectives. Because planning objectives provide this basis for plan preparation and evaluation, the formulation of objectives is a particularly important step in the planning process. Accordingly, a set of recommended objectives with supporting principles and standards was formulated as a part of the water supply planning effort. The associated standards perform an important function in plan design since they provide the basis for relating the objectives to alternative plan configurations. It is also important to note that the objectives, principles, and standards presented herein were formulated within the context of other objectives, principles, and standards previously adopted by the Regional Planning Commission. These other objectives, principles, and standards relate to socioeconomic, land use, and sewerage system development, and to environmental protection and enhancement within the Region. As such, the water supply plan development objectives, principles, and standards are intended to support these other regional development objectives, principles, and standards. In considering the objectives and supporting standards set forth in this chapter, it should be recognized that the objectives and supporting standards are intended to be applied at the system planning level, as opposed to local-level planning. It should also be recognized that it is unlikely that any one plan proposal will meet all of the standards fully; and the extent to which each standard is met, exceeded, or violated must serve as a measure of the ability of each alternative plan considered to achieve the specific objectives which the given standard or standards compliment. It should be further recognized that certain objectives and standards inherently may be in conflict, requiring resolution through compromise; and that meaningful alternative plan evaluation can only take place through comprehensive assessment of each alternative plan considered against all of the objectives and standards. The selected plan will thus represent a compromise with respect to meeting conflicting objectives supporting standards. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

The terms “objective,” “principle,” “standard,” “plan,” “policy,” and “program” are subject to a range of interpre-tations. To clarify their meanings, the Regional Planning Commission has defined these terms as they are used within the context of this planning process as follows:

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1. Objective: A goal or end toward the attainment of which plans and policies are directed.

2. Principle: A fundamental, generally accepted tenet used to support objectives and prepare standards and plans.

3. Standard: A criterion used as a basis of comparison to determine the adequacy of plan proposals to attain objectives.

4. Plan: A design which seeks to achieve agreed-upon objectives.

5. Policy: A rule or course of action used to ensure plan implementation.

6. Program: A coordinated series of policies and actions to carry out a plan.

Although this chapter deals primarily with only the first four of these terms, an understanding of their interrelationship and the concepts they represent is essential to the following discussion of objectives, principles, and standards. OBJECTIVES

Objective No. 1—Support of Existing Land Use Patterns and Support and Direction of Planned Land Use Patterns A regional water supply system which, through its capacity and efficiency, will effectively serve the existing regional land use pattern, promote the implementation of the regional land use plan, and identify any constraints to development in subareas of the Region which may require refinement of the regional land use plan. Objective No. 2—Conservation and Wise Use of the Surface Water and Groundwater Supplies A regional water supply plan which conserves and wisely utilizes the surface water and groundwater supplies of the Region so as to sustain those supplies for future, as well as existing needs. Objective No. 3—Protection of Public Health, Safety, and Welfare A regional water supply system which protects the public health, safety, and welfare. Objective No. 4—Economical and Efficient Systems The development of water supply facilities, operational improvements, and policies, that are both economical and efficient, best meeting all other objectives at the lowest practical cost, considering both long-term capital and operation and maintenance costs. Objective No. 5—Responsive and Adaptive Plans The development of water supply systems, operations, and policies which are flexible and adaptive in response to changing conditions. PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS

A planning principle and one or more accompanying planning standards complement each of the foregoing specific water supply system development objectives, as shown in Table V-1. Each standard is directly related to the accompanying planning principle, as well as to the objective, and serves to facilitate application of the objectives in plan design, test, and evaluation. The planning standards provide the link between objectives and plan proposals by providing a measure of the ability of a plan proposed to meet stated objectives. This permits the comparative evaluation of alternative plans on the basis of their ability to meet stated objectives.

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Table V-1

WATER SUPPLY PLANNING OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES, AND STANDARDS

OBJECTIVE NO. 1—SUPPORT OF EXISTING LAND USE

PATTERNS AND SUPPORT AND DIRECTION OF PLANNED LAND USE PATTERNS

A regional water supply system which, through its capacity and efficiency, will effectively serve the existing regional land use pattern, promote the implementation of the regional land use plan, and identify any constraints to development in subareas of the Region which may require refinement of the regional land use plan.

PRINCIPLE

An adequate water supply is essential for the well being of the residents and for the economic prosperity of the Region. A sound regional water supply plan should support all of the necessary land use activities within the Region. The regional water supply plan should be designed to serve the needs of both urban and rural land uses, including agriculture and rural-density residential development.

STANDARDS

1. Public water supply systems should be designed to serve lands planned to be developed for urban uses,1 in

accordance with the adopted regional land use plan.

2. Areas of high potential for groundwater contamination should be excluded for the siting of potentially contaminating land uses or facilities.

3. Important groundwater recharge and discharge areas should be identified for preservation2 or application of land

development plans and practices which maintain the natural surface and groundwater hydrology, while protecting the groundwater quality.

4. Sources of water supply should be specifically allocated to adequately serve lands planned to be maintained in agricultural uses.

PRINCIPLE

The preservation of environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas in essentially natural, open use yields many benefits, including recharge and discharge of groundwater and the maintenance of surface water and groundwater quality and quantity, as well as maintenance of base flows in and to surface waters; reductions in soil erosion; provision of wildlife habitat; protection of plant and animal diversity; protection of rare and

_____________ 1Urban development is defined as an area devoted to urban-density residential, commercial, industrial, governmental and institutional, recreational, and utility and communication uses. “Urban-density” residential development includes the following density ranges: high-density (at least 7.0 dwelling units per net residential acre); medium-density (2.3 to 6.9 dwelling units per net acre) and low-density (0.7 to 2.2 dwelling units per net acre). The term “urban service area” refers to areas that are intended to accommodate urban development insofar as they are served by basic urban services and facilities, including public sanitary sewer service and typically also including public water supply service and a local park, school, and shopping area.

2As used herein, the term “preserve” generally means to retain areas in existing, often natural, open, uses. In some

cases, the plan may specifically indicate the types of uses that are able to be accommodated while maintaining the overall integrity of the natural resource base. This standard indicates that certain areas should be preserved; it does not indicate the measures—such as public acquisition, conservation easements, or land use regulation—that are recommended to be used to assure the desired preservation. Such measures are dealt with in the plan and plan implementation chapters of this report.

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Table V-1 (continued)

endangered species; maintenance of scenic beauty; and provision of opportunities for recreational, educational, and scientific pursuits.

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STANDARDS

1. Primary environmental corridors should be preserved4 in essentially natural, open uses, and the extension of

urban services, including public water supply services, into such corridors should be avoided, except for corridor-dependent uses, such as recreational facilities and water transmission main, sewage conveyance facilities, and other utility crossings.

2. Secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas should be preserved in essentially natural, open uses to the extent practicable, as determined in county and local plans.

Uses considered to be compatible with the preservation of environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas are indicated in Table V-1A.

PRINCIPLE

The preservation of productive agricultural land is important for meeting future needs for food and fiber. Agricultural areas, in addition to providing food and fiber, can provide groundwater recharge and wildlife habitat and contribute to the maintenance of an ecological balance between plants and animals. Moreover, the preservation of agricultural areas also contributes immeasurably to the maintenance of the scenic beauty and cultural heritage of the Region. The preservation of agricultural lands can maximize return on investments in agricultural soil and water conservation practices; minimize conflicts between farming operations and urban land uses; and help maintain an important component of the economic base of the Region.

STANDARD

1. The most productive soils, those designated by the U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service as comprising agricultural soil capability Classes I and II, should be preserved for agricultural use, to the extent practicable, recognizing that certain Class I and Class II farmland will have to be converted to urban use in order to accommodate the orderly expansion of urban service areas within the Region. The extension of urban services, including public water supply services, into such areas should be avoided, except as these lands are converted to urban uses.

2. Development of water sources in areas to be preserved for agricultural uses should be carried out in a manner which preserves the agricultural uses of the land as envisioned in the adopted regional land use plan.

_____________ 3Environmental corridors are elongated areas in the landscape which contain concentrations of natural resource

features (lakes, rivers, streams, and their associated shorelands and floodlands; wetlands; woodlands; prairies; wildlife habitat areas; wet, poorly drained, and organic soils; and rugged terrain and high-relief topography) and natural resource-related features (existing park and open space sites; potential park and open space sites; historic sites; scenic areas and vistas; and natural areas and critical species habitat sites). Primary environmental corridors include a variety of these features and are at least 400 acres in size, two miles long, and 200 feet in width. Secondary environmental corridors also contain a variety of these features and are at least 100 acres in size and one mile in length. Isolated natural resource areas are smaller concentrations of natural resource features that are physically separated from the environmental corridors by intensive urban or agricultural uses; by definition, such areas are at least five acres in size.

4As used herein, the term “preserve” generally means to retain existing conditions. In some cases—for example, when

used in relation to environmental corridors or isolated natural resource areas—this term has been specifically defined to indicate certain types of uses that are able to be accommodated while maintaining the overall integrity of the existing resources. The objectives and standards presented in this table indicate that certain areas should be preserved; they do not indicate the measures—such as public interest ownership, conservation easements, or land use regulation—that may be used to help assure the desired preservation. Such measures are dealt with in the plan and plan implementation chapters of this report.

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Table V-1 (continued)

OBJECTIVE NO. 2—CONSERVATION AND WISE USE OF THE SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES

A regional water supply system which conserves and wisely utilizes the surface water and groundwater supplies of the Region, so as to sustain those supplies for future, as well as existing needs.

PRINCIPLE

The sustainability5 of the surface water and groundwater supplies should be maintained through the careful design,

operation and use of the water supply systems.

STANDARDS

1. The use of the deep sandstone aquifer should be managed so that the potentiometric surface in that aquifer is sustained as determined by the use and recharge within the Southeastern Wisconsin Region. Declines in the potentiometric surface of the aquifer within the Region due to uses in areas beyond the Region should be identified for purposes of considering interregional planning and action.

2. The uses of the shallow aquifer should be managed so that the aquifer yields are sustainable.

3. The uses of the deep and shallow aquifers should be managed so as to minimize the ecological impacts on the surface water system of the Region.

4. Lake Michigan as a source of supply should be utilized recognizing the constraints of the current regulatory framework and the status and provisions of the Great Lakes Charter 2001 Annex.

PRINCIPLE

The lakes, rivers, and wetlands of the Region are intimately connected to each other and to the groundwater of the area. These resources provide scenic beauty, fish and wildlife habitat, fishing, swimming, and boating opportunities to residents and visitors to our Region. This, in turn, supports the business and jobs that depend on these activities. In addition, the tax base generated by the higher values of waterfront properties adds greatly to the economic wellbeing of the counties of our Region. Surface water quality and quantity are vital to the economic stability, social fabric, and community wellbeing of the area.

1. The use of groundwater and surface water for water supply purposes should be carried out in a manner which minimizes adverse impacts to the water resources system, including lakes, streams, springs, and wetlands.

PRINCIPLE

Conservation of water can help to sustain supplies, as well as reduce energy usage, reduce wastewater flows, and minimize water supply infrastructure development needs and operating costs. The effectiveness of water conservation programs will be dependent upon the willingness of users to conserve and the ability of suppliers to implement changes in policies and rules governing water use.

STANDARDS

1. Residential per capita water usages should be reduced to the extent practicable based upon the conclusions developed in SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, State-of-the-Art of Water Supply Practices, and recognizing that

_____________ 5Sustainability may be defined as the condition of beneficially using water supply resources in such a way that it

supports the current and probable future needed uses, while simultaneously ensuring that the resource is not unacceptably damaged by such a beneficial use. For purposes of this water supply planning program, unacceptable damage is defined as a change in an important physical property of the groundwater or surface water system—such as water level, water quality, water temperature, recharge rate, or discharge rate—that approaches a significant percentage of the normal range of variability of that parameter. Impacts that are 10 percent or less of the annual or historic period of record range for any property will be considered acceptable, unless it can be shown that the cumulative effect of the change will cause a permanent change in an aquatic ecosystem by virtue of increasing the extremes of that property to levels known to be harmful.

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Table V-1 (continued)

differences in levels of conservation may be appropriate, depending upon the source of supply and related natural resources.

2. Both indoor and outdoor water uses should be optimized through conservation practices which do not adversely affect the public health.

3. Water uses for commercial, industrial, and institutional land uses should be reduced to the extent practicable through water conservation measures, duly considering the source of supply and related natural resources, as well as the economic viability and economic development needs of the Region.

4. Unaccounted-for water in utility systems should be minimized.

PRINCIPLE

Urban and rural land use development, including stormwater management and related land management practices, have important impacts on groundwater recharge with respect to the quantity of the recharge water.

STANDARDS

1. The type and extent of stormwater management and related land management practices should be determined through preparation of local stormwater management plans and land development practices and policies specifically considering the impact of those activities on groundwater recharge and should promote such practices which maintain or enhance the natural groundwater hydrology to the extent practicable, while protecting surface water and groundwater quality and quantity.

OBJECTIVE NO. 3—PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE

A regional water supply system which protects the public health, safety, and welfare.

PRINCIPLE

An adequate, high-quality water supply is essential to the social and economic welfare of an area. Public water supply facilities and sources should protect the public health, safety, and welfare by providing pure, safe, healthful drinking water in sufficient quantities and pressures to meet demands, including fire protection requirements. In order to do so, it is necessary to protect and enhance the quality of surface water and groundwater quality, as well as to provide appropriate protective measures between the sources of supply and the uses of that supply.

STANDARDS

1. Water supply systems should be designed, constructed and operated to deliver finished water to users which meets the drinking water standards established by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. Those standards are set forth in this chapter and Appendix V-2.

2. Water supply systems should be designed, constructed, and operated consistent with technically sound water supply industry standards directed toward the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare.

3. The selection of sources of supply and the design, contribution and operation of related treatment facilities should be made cognizant of the potential presence of unregulated emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and certain viruses.

4. The reuse of wastewater should be evaluated for applications where there is no potential for direct human consumption and limited potential for direct human contact, unless the pre-use treatment level is such as to preclude risks to public health.

5. Surface water and groundwater supply treatment plants should be provided with state-of-the-art barriers to substances harmful to human health and safety.

6. Water supply sources and treatment processes should be selected to minimize potential problems with subsequent treatment and disposal of created waste streams.

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Table V-1 (continued)

7. Groundwater and surface water sources of water supply should be protected from sources of contamination by appropriate siting, design, and land use regulation.

PRINCIPLE

Urban and rural land use development and related land management practices, including stormwater management and waste disposal practices, have an impact on surface water and groundwater quality.

STANDARDS

1. The level of treatment and design provided at public sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater discharge locations should be determined directly related to the achievement of adopted water use objectives and supporting surface water and groundwater standards. These objectives and standards are set forth in Appen-dices V-2 and V-3 for the receiving waters and the safety and public health requirement of any potentially affected water supplies.

2. The density, design, operation, and level of treatment of onsite sewage disposal systems should be related to the achievement of the groundwater quality standards and the safety and public health requirements of any potentially affected water supplies.

3. The type and extent of stormwater management or associated preventive land management practices to be applied in both urban and rural areas should be determined by State and local regulations, local stormwater management plans, county land and water management plans, and farm management plans directly related to protection of potentially affected water supplies and to the established water quality standards for the receiving surface water and groundwater systems.

4. There should be no known wastewater or stormwater discharges to the surface water or groundwater systems used for water supply of inorganic compounds, synthetic compounds, volatile organics, or other substances in quantities at levels known to be bioaccumulative, acutely or chronically toxic or hazardous to human health, fish or other aquatic life, wildlife, and domestic animals.

OBJECTIVE NO. 4—ECONOMICAL AND EFFICIENT SYSTEMS

The development of water supply facilities, operational improvements, and policies, that are both economical and efficient, best meeting all other objectives at the lowest practical cost, considering both long-term capital and operation and maintenance costs.

PRINCIPLE

The total financial resources in the Region are limited and investment in construction and operation of water supply facilities must recognize that resources applied in this area will not be available for investment in other areas. Total water supply costs, therefore, should be minimized while meeting and achieving other water supply objectives.

STANDARDS

1. The sum of water supply system operating and capital investment costs should be minimized. Costs for waste disposal byproducts of water treatment, long-term energy and operation and maintenance, and legal costs should be considered.

2. Maximum feasible use should be made of all existing and committed water supply facilities, which should be supplemented with additional facilities only as necessary to serve the anticipated water supply needs.

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3. The use of new or improved technologies and management practices should be allowed and encouraged if such technologies and practices offer economies in construction costs or by their superior performance lead to the achievement of water supply objectives at a lesser cost.

_____________ 6For purposes of regional water supply planning, the determination of excess, or available, capacity in existing and

committed water supply facilities, as well as the reliability of that capacity, must be accomplished in close cooperation with the facility owners concerned.

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Table V-1 (continued)

4. Water supply facilities should be designed for staged or incremental construction where feasible and economical so as to limit total investment in such facilities and to permit maximum flexibility to accommodate changes in the rate of population growth and the rate of economic activity growth or changes in the technology for water supply management.

OBJECTIVE NO. 5—RESPONSIVE AND ADAPTIVE PLANS

The development of water supply systems, operations, and policies which are flexible and adaptive in response to changing conditions, and redundant with respect to source of supply.

PRINCIPLE

As human understanding of the factors affecting water supply] improves, the activities necessary for the achievement of the established water supply objectives and supporting standards may require modification for responding to varying short- and long-term changes in conditions and emerging challenges. The conduct of such activities requires that the adopted plan and the designated management agencies have sufficient operational flexibility and monitoring capacity to respond to changing conditions.

STANDARDS

1. The recommended regional water supply plan components should be adaptable to change in scope, capacity, and effectiveness to the extent practicable.

2. The recommended water supply plan should be designed to incorporate redundancy, system backup features, and emergency operation requirements to the extent practicable in order to insure a safe delivery of water.

3. The regional water supply plan components should be designed for staged incremental construction to the extent practical, so as to permit maximum flexibility to accommodate unanticipated changes in future conditions.

4. The regional water supply plan should be adaptable to changes in the regulatory structure, including the 2001 Great Lakes Charter Annex being put forth by the Council of Great Lakes Governors and the State of Wisconsin 2003 Act 310.

5. The regional water supply plan should consider the possibility of long-term climate cycles that can affect recharge rates and water demand.

6. The regional water supply plan should consider the possibility of changes in economic conditions, security issues, and regulations that can affect the demand for water supply and need for and types of water supply facilities.

Source: SEWRPC.

WATER USE OBJECTIVES AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) has promulgated standards for drinking water supplies and for groundwater quality, both of which relate directly to the regional water supply planning. In addition, the currently adopted regional water use objective and standards are an important consideration in the water supply planning program. In this regard, surface waters may be more or less important when considering the potential impacts of groundwater withdrawals or the impact of groundwater recharge. In addition, there are specific standards for surface waters used as sources of public drinking water. This section describes the current water use objectives and standards as they relate to water supply planning. Drinking Water Standards The WDNR has established standards for drinking water designed to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. Standards have been established for five groups of substances: inorganic compounds, synthetic compounds, volatile organics, radonuclides, and lead and copper. In many cases, these standards are based upon national primary drinking water standards promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which is the

Table V-1A

GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERED COMPATIBLE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CORRIDORS AND ISOLATED NATURAL RESOURCE AREAS

Permitted Development

Transportation and Utility Facilities

(see General Development Guidelines below) Recreational Facilities (see General Development Guidelines below)

Component Natural Resource and

Related Features within Environmental

Corridorsa

Streets and

Highways

Utility Lines and Related

Facilities

Engineered Stormwater

Management Facilities

EngineeredFlood

Control Facilitiesb Trailsc

Picnic Areas

Family Campingd

SwimmingBeaches

Boat Access

Ski Hills Golf Playfields

Hard- SurfaceCourts Parking Buildings

Rural-DensityResidential

Development(see GeneralDevelopment

Guidelines below)

Other Development (see General Development

Guidelines below)

Lakes, Rivers, and Streams................. - -e - -f,g - - - -h - -i - - - - X X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Shoreland.................. X X X X X X - - X X - - X - - - - X Xj - - - - Floodplain ................. - -k X X X X X - - X X - - X X - - X Xl - - - - Wetlandm.................. - -k X - - - - Xn - - - - - - X - - - -o - - - - - - - - - - - - Wet Soils ................... X X X X X - - - - X X - - X - - - - X - - - - - - Woodland.................. X X Xp - - X X X - - X X X X X X Xq X X Wildlife Habitat ......... X X X - - X X X - - X X X X X X X X X Steep Slope............... X X - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - Xs X - - - - - - - - - - - - Prairie ........................ - - - -g - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Park............................ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X - - - - Historic Site............... - - - -g - - - - - -r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - Scenic Viewpoint ...... X X - - - - X X X - - X X X - - - - X X X X Natural Area or

Critical Species Habitat Site ........... - - - - - - - - - -q - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

NOTE: An “X” indicates that facility development is permitted within the specified natural resource feature. In those portions of the environmental corridors having more than one of the listed natural resource features, the natural resource

feature with the most restrictive development limitation should take precedence. APPLICABILITY These guidelines indicate the types of development that can be accommodated within primary and secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas while maintaining the basic integrity of those areas. Throughout this table, the term “environmental corridors” refers to primary and secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas. Under the regional plan:

• As regionally significant resource areas, primary environmental corridors should be preserved in essentially natural, open use—in accordance with the guidelines in this table. • Secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas warrant consideration for preservation in essentially natural open use, as determined in county and local plans and in a manner consistent with State and

Federal regulations. County and local units of government may choose to apply the guidelines in this table to secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas. GENERAL DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES

• Transportation and Utility Facilities: All transportation and utility facilities proposed to be located within the important natural resources should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to consider alternative locations for such facilities. If it is determined that such facilities should be located within natural resources, development activities should be sensitive to, and minimize disturbance of, these resources, and, to the extent possible following construction, such resources should be restored to preconstruction conditions.

The above table presents development guidelines for major transportation and utility facilities. These guidelines may be extended to other similar facilities not specifically listed in the table.

• Recreational Facilities: In general, no more than 20 percent of the total environmental corridor area should be developed for recreational facilities. Furthermore, no more than 20 percent of the environmental corridor area consisting of upland wildlife habitat and woodlands should be developed for recreational facilities. It is recognized, however, that in certain cases these percentages may be exceeded in efforts to accommodate needed public recreational and game and fish management facilities within appropriate natural settings.

The above table presents development guidelines for major recreational facilities. These guidelines may be extended to other similar facilities not specifically listed in the table.

• Rural Density Residential Development: Rural density residential development may be accommodated in upland environmental corridors, provided that buildings are kept off steep slopes. The maximum number of housing units accommodated at a proposed development site within the environmental corridor should be limited to the number determined by dividing the total corridor acreage within the site, less the acreage covered by surface water and wetlands, by five. The permitted housing units may be in single-family or multi-family structures. When rural residential development is accommodated, conservation subdivision designs are strongly encouraged.

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Table V-1A (continued)

• Other Development: In lieu of recreational or rural density residential development, up to 10 percent of the upland corridor area in a parcel may be disturbed in order to accommodate urban residential, commercial, or other urban

development under the following conditions: 1) the area to be disturbed is compact rather than scattered in nature; 2) the disturbance area is located on the edge of a corridor or on marginal resources within a corridor; 3) the development does not threaten the integrity of the remaining corridor; and 4) the development does not result in significant adverse water quality impacts; 5) development of the remaining corridor lands is prohibited by a conservation easement or deed restriction. Each such proposal must be reviewed on a site-by-site basis.

Under this arrangement, while the developed area would no longer be part of the environmental corridor, the entirety of the remaining corridor would be permanently preserved from disturbance. From a resource protection point of view, preserving a minimum of 90 percent of the environmental corridor in this manner may be preferable to accommodating scattered homesites and attendant access roads at an overall density of one dwelling unit per five acres throughout the upland corridor areas.

• Pre-Existing Lots: Single-family development on existing lots of record should be permitted as provided for under county or local zoning at the time of adoption of the land use plan.

• All permitted development presumes that sound land and water management practices are utilized.

______________ aThe natural resource and related features are defined as follows:

Lakes, Rivers, and Streams: Includes all lakes greater than five acres in area and all perennial and intermittent streams as shown on U. S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps. Shoreland: Includes a band 50 feet in depth along both sides of intermittent streams; a band 75 feet in depth along both sides of perennial streams; a band 75 feet in depth around lakes; and a band 200 feet in depth along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Floodplain: Includes areas, excluding stream channels and lake beds, subject to inundation by the 100-year recurrence interval flood event. Wetlands: Includes areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency, and with a duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wet Soils: Includes areas covered by wet, poorly drained, and organic soils. Woodlands: Includes areas one acre or more in size having 17 or more deciduous trees per acre with at least a 50 percent canopy cover as well as coniferous tree plantations and reforestation projects; excludes lowland woodlands, such as tamarack swamps, which are classified as wetlands. Wildlife Habitat: Includes areas devoted to natural open uses of a size and with a vegetative cover capable of supporting a balanced diversity of wildlife. Steep Slope: Includes areas with land slopes of 12 percent or greater. Prairies: Includes open, generally treeless areas which are dominated by native grasses; also includes savannas. Park: Includes public and nonpublic park and open space sites. Historic Site: Includes sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Most historic sites located within environmental corridors are archeological features such as American Indian settlements and effigy mounds and cultural features such as small, old cemeteries. On a limited basis, small historic buildings may also be encompassed within delineated corridors. Scenic Viewpoint: Includes vantage points from which a diversity of natural features such as surface waters, wetlands, woodlands, and agricultural lands can be observed. Natural Area and Critical Species Habitat Sites: Includes natural areas and critical species habitat sites as identified in the regional natural areas and critical species habitat protection and management plan.

bIncludes such improvements as stream channel modifications and such facilities as dams. cIncludes trails for such activities as hiking, bicycling, cross-country skiing, nature study, and horseback riding, and excludes all motorized trail activities. It should be recognized that trails for motorized activities such as snowmobiling that are located outside the environmental corridors may of necessity have to cross environmental corridor lands. Proposals for such crossings should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and if it is determined that they are necessary, such trail crossings should be designed to ensure minimum disturbance of the natural resources. dIncludes areas intended to accommodate camping in tents, trailers, or recreational vehicles which remain at the site for short periods of time, typically ranging from an overnight stay to a two-week stay. eCertain transportation facilities such as bridges may be constructed over such resources. fUtility facilities such as sanitary sewers may be located in or under such resources. gElectric power transmission lines and similar lines may be suspended over such resources. hCertain flood control facilities such as dams and channel modifications may need to be provided in such resources to reduce or eliminate flood damage to existing development. iBridges for trail facilities may be constructed over such resources. jConsistent with Chapter NR 115 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. kStreets and highways may cross such resources. Where this occurs, there should be no net loss of flood storage capacity or wetlands. Guidelines for mitigation of impacts on wetlands by Wisconsin Department of Transportation facility projects are set forth in Chapter Trans 400 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. lConsistent with Chapter NR 116 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. mAny development affecting wetlands must adhere to the water quality standards for wetlands established under Chapter NR 103 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code.

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Table V-1A (continued)

nOnly an appropriately designed boardwalk/trail should be permitted. oWetlands may be incorporated as part of a golf course, provided there is no disturbance of the wetlands. pGenerally excludes detention, retention, and infiltration basins. Such facilities should be permitted only if no reasonable alternative is available. qOnly if no alternative is available. rOnly appropriately designed and located hiking and cross-country ski trails should be permitted. sOnly an appropriately designed, vegetated, and maintained ski hill should be permitted. Source: SEWRPC.

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department responsible for establishing and enforcing such standards. The standards have been expressed in terms of a “maximum contaminant level” (MCL) and a “maximum contaminant level goal” (MCLG). The former is defined as the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to a public water supply system. The later is defined as the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated adverse affect on health may be expected to occur, given a margin of safety. For lead and copper the standards are expressed as “action level,” or the concentration of lead or copper in water which determines, in some cases, the treatment requirements that a public water supply system must meet. The WDNR has also established sampling and analytical requirements to accompany the drinking water standards. These requirements are documented in Chapter NR 809 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. It should be noted that no standards have been established by the WDNR for some emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and certain viruses. It is, nevertheless, important to consider the potential need to address for such pollutants as the water supply planning proceeds. The State established drinking MCLs and MCLGs are set forth in Appendix V-1. As already noted, the standards for lead and copper are set forth in terms of actions levels. The lead action level is exceeded if the concentration of lead in more than 10 percent of the tap water samples collected during any monitoring period is greater than 0.015 milligrams per liter (mg/l)—or parts per million (i.e. if the “90th percentile” lead level is greater than 0.015 mg/l). The copper action level is exceeded if the concentration of copper in more than 10 percent of tap water samples collected during any monitoring period is greater than 1.3 mg/l (i.e. if the “90th percentile” copper level is greater than 1.3 mg/l). Groundwater Standards Groundwater standards are an important consideration in that they form a basis for which to judge the potential need for water treatment technologies under alternative plans relying on groundwater as a source of supply. The WDNR has also established standards for groundwater quality, and for substances detected in, or having a reasonable probability of entering, the groundwater resources of the State. Standards have been established for three groups of substances: indicator parameters, substances of public health concern, and substances related to public welfare. These standards are set forth in Appendix V-2. For each groundwater quality indicator parameter, one criterion, a protective action limit, is established. Two criteria are set for each substance of public health concern or welfare: a preventive action limit and an enforcement standard. The preventive action limits have three major purposes. They are intended to be used to inform the WDNR of potential groundwater contamination. In addition, they are intended to establish levels of contamination at which the Department is required to commence efforts to control contamination. Finally, they provide a basis for designing management criteria in administrative rulemaking. The enforcement standards establish concentrations used to initiate regulatory responses. It is important to note in this respect, that Chapter NR 140 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code establishes procedures for granting exemptions when enforcement standards are attained or exceeded, in whole or in part, because of high background concentrations of substances in the groundwater reservoir concerned. In addition to the groundwater quality standards, the WDNR has established standards for drinking water supplies that include a number of substances for which groundwater quality standards have not been issued. For example, though no groundwater quality standard has been issued for radium, the standards for drinking water supplies set forth in Chapter NR 809 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code set a maximum contaminant limit for radium in drinking water of five picoCuries per liter. Surface Water Use Objectives (classification) and Water Quality Standards (criteria) Surface water use objectives and standards are important considerations in water supply planning, as they include public health and welfare standards for public drinking water supplies. In addition, these objectives and standards form a basis for considering the discharge of contaminants from water supply treatment systems. Furthermore, the

PRELIMINARY DRAFT 5-13

surface water objectives and current uses are an important consideration in evaluating the importance of groundwater recharge protection or enhancement. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources currently has developed standards for the following water use objectives or classifications relating to fish and aquatic life for the streams and lakes in the Region: 1) Great Lakes community, 2) coldwater community, 3) warmwater sportfish community, 4) warmwater forage fish community, 5) limited forage fish, and 6) limited aquatic life. In addition, the WDNR has developed standards, or criteria, for two recreational use classifications: 1) full recreational use and 2) limited recreational use. The Department has also developed standards, or criteria, for public health and welfare and for wildlife protection. For the purpose of an anti-degradation policy intended to prevent the lowering of existing levels of water quality, the WDNR has classified some waters as outstanding or exceptional resource waters. These waters, listed in Chapters NR 102.10 and NR 102.11 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code, are deemed to have significant value such as valuable fisheries, hydrologically or geographically unique features, outstanding recreational opportunities, and unique environmental settings, and they are not significantly impacted by human activities. Any discharge that may be allowed to these waters generally cannot be above background levels. These waters are considered “areas of special natural resource interest” for permitted activities under Chapter 30 of the Wisconsin Statutes. The objectives or classifications for fish and aquatic life for all of the streams in the Region are shown on Map V-1. All of the fish and aquatic life categories are considered to be in the full recreational use category, except where a special variance is noted. The fish and aquatic life and the recreational use objectives or classifications are those most directly related to the regional water quality management plan. In addition, the WDNR has developed standards for wildlife and for public health and welfare. All streams are expected to meet the wildlife standards. The public health and welfare standards vary only depending upon whether or not the surface water is used as a source for a public drinking water supply. Thus, there is no variation in the public health and welfare objectives or category for all the surface waters in the Region, except Lake Michigan. Chapter NR 103 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code establishes water quality-related rules for wetlands. The rules consist of: 1) a set of standards intended to protect the water quality-related functions of wetlands; and 2) implementation procedures for application of the water quality standards. Because the application of the rules set forth in Chapter NR 103 is site-specific and requires consideration of the specific activity proposed within, or adjacent to, a wetland, wetland water quality standards are not specifically addressed in this report. To determine applicable standards, the procedures documented in Chapter NR 103 must be applied by the WDNR on a site-specific, case-by-case basis. Water Quality Standards The applicable water quality standards for all water uses designated in Southeastern Wisconsin are set forth in Appendix V-3. The water quality standards are statements of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the water that must be maintained if the water is to be suitable for the specified uses. Chapter 281 of the Wisconsin Statutes recognizes that different standards may be required for different waters or portions thereof. According to this chapter, in all cases the “standards of quality shall be such as to protect the public interest, which is defined to include the protection of the public health and welfare, and the present and prospective future use of such waters for public and private water supplies; propagation of fish and aquatic life and wildlife; domestic and recreational purposes; and agricultural, commercial, industrial, and other legitimate uses.”7 Notwithstanding, there are minimum standards which apply to all waters. All surface waters must meet certain conditions at all times and under all flow conditions. Chapter NR 102 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code states that:

_____________ 7Wisconsin Statutes, Section 281.15(1).

Dover

Norway Raymond

Rochester

Waterford

Yorkville

Burlington

Caledonia

PortWashington

Grafton

BelgiumFredonia

Cedarburg

Saukville

Salem

Paris

Somers

BristolRandall

Brighton

Wheatland

Linn

Troy

LyonsGeneva

Sharon

Darien Delavan

Richmond

Walworth

La Grange

Lafayette

Bloomfield

East TroyWhitewater

Sugar Creek Spring Prairie

West Bend

Polk

Erin

Wayne

Barton

Addison Trenton

Jackson

Kewaskum

Hartford

Richfield

Farmington

Eagle

Merton

Ottawa

Summit

Vernon

Lisbon

Genesee Waukesha

Delafield

Mukwonago

Oconomowoc

Brookfield

Germantown

I L L I N O I SW I S C O N S I N

W A S H I N G T O N C O .

MILWAUKEE

CO.

WAUKESHACO.

WAUKESHA

CO.

R A C I N E C O .W A U K E S H A C O . M I L W A U K E E C O .

K E N O S H A C O .

K E N O S H A C O .

R A C I N E C O .

OZAUKEE

CO.

O Z A U K E E C O .

WASHINGTON

CO.

O Z A U K E E C O .M I L W A U K E E C O .

KENOSHACO.

RACINE

CO.

WALWORTHCO.

W A L W O R T H C O .

WALWORTHCO.

W A L W O R T H C O .

W A U K E S H A C O .

WASHINGTONCO.

W A S H I N G T O N C O .

MI C

HI G

AN

LAKE

LAKEVERN WOLF

LAKE

LAKE

LAKEDYER

LILLY

BENEDICT LAKEMARY

POWERSLAKE

ELIZABETHLAKE

LAKE

LAKE

CENTER

HOOKER

CAMPLAKE

LAKE

LAKELAKE

LAKE

VOLTZ

CROSSBENET

SHANGRILA

LAKEGEORGE LAKE

ANDREA

LAKEPADDOCK

SILVERLAKE

LAKEBOHNER

LAKEECHO

LAKEBROWNS

TICHIGANLAKE

LAKEWAUBEESEE

KEE NONGGO MONG

LAKEBUENA

LAKEEAGLE

LAKEWINDLAKE

LAKELONG

WIND

LAKE

DRAINAGE

CREEK

HONEY

FOX

ROOT

CANAL

RIVER

LORRAINE

TOMBEAU

DELAVAN

CRAVATH

PLEASANT

WANDAWEGAWHITEWATER

WHITEWATER

LAKELA GRANGE

LAUDERDALE

CREEK

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

MILL

LAKE

ARMY

LAKE

LAKE

LULULAKE

LAKE

RICELAKE

LAKE

LAKE

CREEK

LAKE

LAKEPELL

LAKE

LAKE

COMO

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

COMUS

BOOTH

TRIPP

LOWER

NORTH

HONEY

GREEN

MIDDLE

POTTERPETERS

BEULAH

GENEVA

SILVERTURTLE

RIVER

MENO

MONEE

CANAL

RIVER

ROOT

NORTH

BRANCH

LAKELAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

MILL

LAKE

LAKE

POND

BARK

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

OCONOMOWOC

RIVER

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKELAKE LAKE

LAKE

PINE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

BASS

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LOWER

UPPER

LOWER

RIVER

LOWER

UPPER

UPPER

RIVER

RIVER

BELLE

NORTH

MOOSE

LOWER

SILVER

SCHOOLHUNTER

MIDDLE

KEESUS

FOWLER

BEAVER

WILLOW

GOLDEN

PRETTY

DENOON

LITTLE

PHANTOM

PHANTOM

CROOKED

SECTION

GENESEE

GENESEE

CORNELL

SPRINGS

MUSKEGO

MUSKEGO

ASHIPPUN

NASHOTAH

NASHOTAH

NEMAHBIN

NEMAHBIN

DUTCHMAN

PEWAUKEE

OKAUCHEE

PEWAUKEE

MILL POND

NAGAWICKA

WATERVILLE

OCONOMOWOC

SAYLESVILLE

SPRING LAKE

EAGLESPRING

RIVER

OCONOMOWOC

LA

FOX

BAY

LAC

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

POND

LAKE

BARK

FIVE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

POND

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKEPIKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

LAKE

CEDAR

RIVER

RIVER

NORTH

SMITH

CEDAR

DRUID

LUCAS

LITTLE

FRIESS

LOEW'S

BARTON

BRANCH

TWELVE

GILBERT

WALLACE

MILWAUKEE

MILW

AUKEE

LAKESILVER

MILW

AUKEE

DU

MUD

LAC

LAKE

LAKE

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144

59

43

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M C H E N R Y C O .B O O N E C O .

ROCK

CO.

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CO.

9441

131 137L A K E C O .

144

33

175

41

28

45

60

F O N D D U L A C C O . S H E B O Y G A N C O .

DODGE

CO.

18

94

16

67DAVY CREEKROCK

RIVER D O D G E C O .

JEFFERSON

CO.

FOX

RIVER

BARK

RIVER

RIVER MENOMONEE

SAUK

SUCKER

CREEK

CREEK

DES

PLAINESRIVER

PIKE

RIVER

PLAINES

DES

RIVER

RIVER

ROOT

ROOT

PIKE

EASTW

EST

CANAL

RIVER

RIVER

BRANCH

BRANCH

RIVER

FOX

RIVER

CANAL

ROOT

RIVER

OAK

ROOT

RIVER

RIVER

LITTLE

MENO

MONEE

KINNICKINN IC

MILWAUKEE

RIVER

BRANCH

RIVER

NORTH

BRANCH

EAST

ROOT

RIVER

BRANCH

NORTHOAKCREEK

CREEK

EAST

ROCK

RIVER

RIVER

BRANCH

OCONOMOWOC

MILWAUKEE

RIVER

EASTBRANCH

Map V-1

CURRENT REGULATORY WATER USECLASSIFICATIONS FOR SURFACE WATERSIN THE SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN

REGION: 2005

SHEBOYGAN

WATERSHEDRIVER

SUCKER

WATERSHEDCREEKSAUK

WATERSHEDCREEK

MILWAUKEE

WATERSHED

RIVERROCK

WATERSHED

RIVER

MENOMONEE

WATERSHED

RIVER

FOX

WATERSHED

RIVERKINNICKINNIC

WATERSHED

RIVER

OAK

WATERSHED

CREEK

ROOT

WATERSHED

RIVER

PIKE

WATERSHED

RIVERDES PLAINES

WATERSHED

RIVER

MAJOR LAKES

SUBCONTINENTAL DIVIDE

WATERSHED BOUNDARY

PERENNIAL STREAMS

Source: SEWRPC.

GRAPHIC SCALE0 2 4 6 8

Miles

N

FISH AND AQUATIC LIFE (FAL)

SPECIAL VARIANCE

COLD WATER BIOLOGICALCOMMUNITY (CWBC)

LIMITED FORAGE FISH (LFF)

LIMITED AQUATIC LIFE (LAL)

EXCEPTIONAL RESOURCE WATER

OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATER

LEGEND

5-14 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

PRELIMINARY DRAFT 5-15

Practices attributable to municipal, commercial, domestic, agricultural, land development or other activities shall be controlled so that all waters including the mixing zone and the effluent channel meet the following conditions at all times and under all flow conditions:

(a) Substances that will cause objectionable deposits on the shore or in the bed of a body of water shall not be present in such amounts as to interfere with public rights in the waters of the State.

(b) Floating or submerged debris, oil, scum or other material shall not be present in such amounts as to interfere with public rights in the waters of the State.

(c) Materials producing color, odor, taste, or unsightliness shall not be present in such amounts as to interfere with public rights in the waters of the State.

(d) Substances in concentrations or combinations which are toxic or harmful shall not be present in amounts found to be of public health significance, nor shall substances be present in amounts which are acutely harmful to animal, plant, or aquatic life.8

All surface waters of the State are also required to meet the human threshold and human cancer criteria for the protection of the public health and welfare. These criteria are set forth in Appendix V-3. The concentrations given in these criteria vary, depending upon whether or not the surface water is used for public drinking water supplies, and vary with the fish and aquatic life category designated for the waterbody. In addition, all surface waters providing a source for public drinking water supplies, and all surface waters classified as suitable coldwater or warmwater sportfish communities are required to meet the threshold taste and odor criteria set forth in Appendix V-3. ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARDS FOR WATER SUPPLY FACILITIES

The planning and design of water supply facilities is based, in part, upon forecasts of future demand. Standards for preparing the necessary demand forecasts have been developed for:

• Residential demand,

• Commercial demand,

• Industrial demand,

• Public facilities demand,

• Fire fighting demand,

• Unaccounted for water uses, and

• Unrecoverable water used in treatment.

An important objective in the planning and design of a public water supply system is to provide a continuous adequate supply of safe water to all customers. The system must: be designed to supply the quantity of water needed by each individual customer and by all customers in aggregate; provide acceptable water pressures throughout the system; and have sufficient redundancy and reserve capacity to provide a continuous supply of water during probable emergencies, such as fires and anticipated equipment failures. Thus, planning and engineering design standards have been developed for:

_____________ 8Wisconsin Administrative Code, Chapter NR 102.04.

5-16 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

• Peak water demands,

• System pressures,

• Fire flow considerations,

• Source capacity,

• Pumping and storage capacity, and

• Main looping and sizing.

The planning and design standards and criteria for the various needs and system characteristics above are summarized in Appendix V-4, and more fully documented in SEWRPC Technical Report No. 43, State-of-the-Art of Water Supply Practices, 2006. ECONOMIC EVALUATION

The economic evaluations conducted under this water supply planning program include the preparation of capital and annual operation and maintenance cost estimates. Capital costs include construction contract costs plus engineering, inspection, and contract administration costs. Operation and maintenance costs include labor, power, chemicals, utilities, materials and supplies, disposal of residuals, and related costs. The unit capital and operation and maintenance costs used are set forth in the aforenoted state-of-the-art of water supply practices report. The cost-effective analyses conducted under this study compare the 50-year present worth of alternatives. The present worth used includes initial and future capital expenditures, operation and maintenance costs, and salvage values based upon straight-line depreciation of structures and equipment. Capital costs are expressed in 2005 dollars based upon an Engineering News-Record, Construction Cost Index (CCI) of 9205, Milwaukee Index (Average of Chicago and Minneapolis indices). Project costs include 35 percent to account for engineering, administration, ordinary legal cost, and contingencies. Any special legal costs expected to be associated with any of the alternative or recommended plans, will be discussed conceptually along with other advantages and disadvantages associated with such plans. The interest rate used for the present worth analysis is 6 percent.

APPENDICES

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PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-1-1

Appendix V-1

STATE OF WISCONSIN DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

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PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-1-3

Table V-1-1

MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS FOR DRINKING WATER

Contaminant MCL (mg/l)

Inorganic Compounds Arsenic................................................................................................. 0.010a Asbestos .............................................................................................. 7 Million fibers/liter (longer than 10 um) Barium ................................................................................................. 2 Cadmium ............................................................................................. 0.005 Chromium ............................................................................................ 0.1 Fluoride................................................................................................ 4.0 Mercury................................................................................................ 0.002 Nitrate .................................................................................................. 10 (as Nitrogen) Nitrite ................................................................................................... 1 (as Nitrogen) Total Nitrate Nitrite............................................................................... 10 (as Nitrogen) Selenium.............................................................................................. 0.05 Antimony.............................................................................................. 0.006 Beryllium.............................................................................................. 0.004 Cyanide (as free Cyanide) ................................................................... 0.2 Nickel ................................................................................................... 0.1 Thallium ............................................................................................... 0.002

Contaminant MCL (mg/l)

Synthetic Compounds Alachlor................................................................................................ 0.002 Atrazine................................................................................................ 0.003 Carbofuran........................................................................................... 0.04 Chlordane ............................................................................................ 0.002 Dibromochloropropane ........................................................................ 0.0002 2,4-D.................................................................................................... 0.07 Endrin .................................................................................................. 0.002 Ethylene Dibromide ............................................................................. 0.00005 Heptachlor ........................................................................................... 0.0004 Heptachlor epoxide.............................................................................. 0.0002 Lindane................................................................................................ 0.0002 Methoxychlor ....................................................................................... 0.04 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)........................................................ 0.0005 Pentachlorophenol............................................................................... 0.001 Toxaphene........................................................................................... 0.003 2,4,5-TP............................................................................................... 0.05 Benzo[a]pyrene.................................................................................... 0.0002 Dalapon ............................................................................................... 0.2 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate ........................................................................ 0.4 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ..................................................................... 0.006 Dinoseb................................................................................................ 0.007 Diquat .................................................................................................. 0.02 Endothall.............................................................................................. 0.1 Glyphosate........................................................................................... 0.7 Hexachlorobenzene............................................................................. 0.001 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene................................................................. 0.05 Oxamyl................................................................................................. 0.2 Picloram............................................................................................... 0.5 Simazine.............................................................................................. 0.004 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) ......................................................................... 3x10-8

V-1-4 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-1-1 (continued)

Contaminant MCL (mg/l)

Volatile Organic Contaminants Benzene............................................................................................... 0.005 Vinyl chloride ....................................................................................... 0.0002 Carbon tetrachloride ............................................................................ 0.005 1,2-Dichloroethane .............................................................................. 0.005 Trichloroethylene ................................................................................. 0.005 1,1-Dichloroethylene............................................................................ 0.007 1,1,1-Trichloroethane........................................................................... 0.20 para-Dichlorobenzene ......................................................................... 0.075 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene ...................................................................... 0.07 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene................................................................... 0.1 Dichloromethane.................................................................................. 0.005 1,2-Dichloropropane ............................................................................ 0.005 Ethylbenzene ....................................................................................... 0.7 Monochlorobenzene ............................................................................ 0.1 o-Dichlorobenzene............................................................................... 0.6 Styrene ................................................................................................ 0.1 Tetrachloroethylene ............................................................................. 0.005 Toluene................................................................................................ 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene........................................................................ 0.07 1,1,2-Trichloroethane........................................................................... 0.005 Xylenes (total)...................................................................................... 10

Contaminant MCL

Radionuclides Combined radium-226 and radium-228 ............................................... 5 pCi/l Gross alpha particle activity, including radium-226,

but excluding radon and uranium...................................................... 15 pCi/l Uranium ............................................................................................... 30 ug/l

aThe MCL of 0.010 mg/L for arsenic is effective January 23, 2006. Until then, the MCL for arsenic is 0.05 mg/L. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-1-5

Table V-1-2

MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL GOALS FOR DRINKING WATER

Contaminant MCLG (mg/l)

Contaminants for Which MCLGs Are Zero Giardia lamblia..................................................................................... - - Cryptosporidium................................................................................... - - Legionella ............................................................................................ - - Total Coliforms..................................................................................... - - Fecal Coliforms.................................................................................... - - Escherichia coli.................................................................................... - - Lead..................................................................................................... - -

Contaminant MCLG (mg/l)

Contaminants for Which MCLGs Are Less than the MCLs Acrylamide........................................................................................... 0.00001 Alachlor................................................................................................ 0.0004 Arsenic................................................................................................. Zeroa Benzene............................................................................................... 0.001 Benzo[a]pyrene.................................................................................... 0.000002 Carbon tetrachloride ............................................................................ 0.0003 Chlordane ............................................................................................ 0.00003 Dibromochloropropane ........................................................................ 0.00003 Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ..................................................................... 0.003 1,2-Dichloroethane .............................................................................. 0.0004 1,2-Dichloropropane ............................................................................ 0.0005 Epichlorohydrin .................................................................................... 0.004 Ethylene Dibromide ............................................................................. 0.0000004 Heptachlor ........................................................................................... 0.000008 Heptachlor Epoxide ............................................................................. 0.000004 Hexachlorobenzene............................................................................. 0.00002 Pentachlorophenol............................................................................... 0.0003 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)........................................................ 0.000005 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) ......................................................................... 2 x 10-10 Tetrachloroethylene ............................................................................. 0.0007 Thallium ............................................................................................... 0.0005 Toxaphene........................................................................................... 0.00003 1,1,2-Trichloroethane........................................................................... 0.003 Trichloroethylene ................................................................................. 0.003 Vinyl chloride ....................................................................................... 0.000015

Contaminant MCL (mg/l)

Contaminants for Which MCLGs Are Equal to the MCLs Atrazine, total chlorinated residueb...................................................... 0.003 Antimony.............................................................................................. 0.006 Asbestos .............................................................................................. 7 million fibers/L

(longer than 10 micrometers) Barium ................................................................................................. 2 Beryllium.............................................................................................. 0.004 Cadmium ............................................................................................. 0.005 Carbofuran........................................................................................... 0.04 Chromium ............................................................................................ 0.1 Copper ................................................................................................. 1.3 Cyanide (as free Cyanide) ................................................................... 0.2 2,4-D.................................................................................................... 0.07 Dalapon ............................................................................................... 0.2 o-Dichlorobenzene............................................................................... 0.6

V-1-6 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-1-2 (continued)

Contaminant MCL (mg/l)

Contaminants for Which MCLGs Are Equal to the MCLs (continued) para-Dichlorobenzene ......................................................................... 0.075 1,1-Dichloroethylene............................................................................ 0.007 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene ...................................................................... 0.07 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene................................................................... 0.1 Dichloromethane.................................................................................. 0.005 Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate ........................................................................ 0.4 Dinoseb................................................................................................ 0.007 Diquat .................................................................................................. 0.02 Endothall.............................................................................................. 0.1 Endrin .................................................................................................. 0.002 Ethylbenzene ....................................................................................... 0.7 Fluoride................................................................................................ 4.0 Glyphosate........................................................................................... 0.7 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene................................................................. 0.05 Lindane................................................................................................ 0.0002 Mercury................................................................................................ 0.002 Methoxychlor ....................................................................................... 0.04 Monochlorobenzene ............................................................................ 0.1 Nickel ................................................................................................... 0.1 Nitrate .................................................................................................. 10 (as Nitrogen) Nitrite 1 (as Nitrogen) Nitrate+Nitrite....................................................................................... 10 (as Nitrogen) Oxamyl................................................................................................. 0.2 Picloram............................................................................................... 0.5 Selenium.............................................................................................. 0.05 Simazine.............................................................................................. 0.004 Styrene ................................................................................................ 0.1 Toluene................................................................................................ 1 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene........................................................................ 0.07 1,1,1-Trichloroethane........................................................................... 0.2 2,4,5-TP............................................................................................... 0.05 Xylenes (Total)..................................................................................... 10

aThis value for arsenic is effective January 23, 2006. Until then, there is no MCLG for arsenic. bAtrazine, total chlorinated residue includes atrazine and its metabolites, diaminoatrazine, diethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-2-1

Appendix V-2

STATE OF WISCONSIN GROUNDWATER STANDARDS

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PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-2-3

Table V-2-1

PREVENTIVE ACTION LIMITS FOR INDICATOR PARAMETERS FOR GROUNDWATER QUALITYa,b,c

Parameter

Minimum Increase (milligrams per liter,

except as noted)

Alkalinity........................................................ 100 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5).......... 25 Calcium......................................................... 25 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)................ 14 Magnesium ................................................... 25 Nitrogen Series ............................................. Ammonia Nitrogen ........................................ 2 Organic Nitrogen........................................... 2 Total Nitrogen ............................................... 5 pH (standard units)d ..................................... 1 Potassium ..................................................... 5 Sodium.......................................................... 10 Field Specific Conductance

(micromohs per centimeter)....................... 200 Temperature (oF)e........................................ 10 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) ........................ 200 Total Hardness.............................................. 100 Total Organic Carbon (TOC)......................... 1 Total Organic Halogen (TOC) ....................... 0.25

aAs set forth in Section NR 140.20 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. bExcept as noted, the preventive action limit is calculated by adding whichever is greater, the value in the table or three times the standard deviation, to a value for background groundwater quality established by averaging a minimum of eight samples from each well. cThe preventive action limit is intended to inform the WDNR of potential groundwater contamination problems, establish levels of contamination at which the WDNR is required to commence efforts to control contamination, and provide a basis for the design of management criteria in administrative rules dThe preventive action limit for pH is set at 1 standard unit above or below the background pH. eFor field temperature, the preventive action limit shall be three standard deviations or 10oF, whichever is greater, above or below the temperature of the background water quality. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

V-2-4 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-2-2

GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SUBSTANCES OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNa

Substance

Chemical Abstract Service Registry

Numberb

Enforcement Standard (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)

Preventive Action Limit (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)c

Acetone 67-64-1 1,000 200

Alachlor 15972-60-8 2 0.2

Aldicarb 116-06-3 10 2

Antimony - - 6 1.2

Anthracene 120-12-7 3,000 600

Arsenic 10 1

Asbestos (million fibers per liter) 12001-29-5 7 0.7

Atrazine, total chlorinated residuesd - - 3 0.3

Bacteria, total coliform (number per 100 milliliters)e - - 0 0

Barium (milligrams per liter) - - 2 0.4

Bentazon 25057-89-0 300 60

Benzene 71-43-2 5 0.5

Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205-99-2 0.2 0.02

Benzo(a)pyrene 50-32-8 0.2 0.02

Beryllium - - 4 0.4

Boron 7440-42-8 960 190

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 0.6 0.06

Bromoform 75-25-2 4.4 0.44

Bromomethane 74-83-9 10 1

Butylate 2008-41-5 67 6.7

Cadmium - - 5 0.5

Carbaryl 63-25-2 960 192

Carbofuran 1563-66-2 40 8

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 1,000 200

Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 5 0.5

Chloramben 133-90-4 150 30

Chlordane 57-74-9 2 0.2

Chloroethane 75-00-3 400 80

Chloroform 67-66-3 6 0.6

Chloromethane 74-87-3 3 0.3

Chromium - - 100 10

Chrysene 218-01-9 0.2 0.02

Cobalt 7440-48-4 40 8

Copper - - 1,300 130

Cyanazine 21725-46-2 1 0.1

Cyanide 57-12-5 200 40

Dacthal (milligrams per liter) 1861-32-1 4 0.8

1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) 106-93-6 0.05 0.005

Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 60 6

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 96-12-8 0.2 0.02

Dibutyl phthalate 84-74-2 100 20

Dicamba 1918-00-9 300 60

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-2-5

Table V-2-2 (continued)

Substance

Chemical Abstract Service Registry

Numberb

Enforcement Standard (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)

Preventive Action Limit (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)c

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 600 60

1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 1,250 125

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 75 15

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 1,000 200

1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 850 85

1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 5 0.5

1,1-Dichloroethylene 75-35-4 7 0.7

1,2-Dichloroethylene (cis) 156-59-2 70 7

1,2-Dichloroethylene (trans) 156-60-5 100 20

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 94-75-7 70 7

1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 5 0.5

1,3-Dichloropropene (cis/trans) - -f 0.2 0.02

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 117-81-7 6 0.6

Dimethoate 60-51-5 2 0.4

2,4-Dinitrotoluene 121-14-2 0.05 0.005

2,6-Dinitrotoluene 606-20-2 0.05 0.005

Dinoseb 88-85-7 7 1.4

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) 1746-01-6 0.00003 0.000003

Endrin 72-20-8 2 0.4

EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate) 759-94-4 250 50

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 700 140

Ethylene glycol (milligrams per liter) 107-21-1 7 0.7

Fluoranthene 206-44-0 400 80

Fluorene 86-73-7 400 80

Fluoride (milligrams per liter) 16984-48-8 4 0.8

Fluorotrichloromethane 75-69-4 3,490 698

Formaldehyde 50-00-0 1,000 100

Heptachlor 76-44-8 0.4 0.04

Heptachlor epoxide 1024-57-3 0.2 0.02

Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1 1 0.1

N-Hexane 110-54-3 600 120

Hydrogen sulfide 7783-06-4 30 6

Lead - - 15 1.5

Lindane 58-89-9 0.2 0.02

Mercury 7439-97-6 2 0.2

Methanol 67-56-1 5,000 1,000

Methoxychlor 72-43-5 40 4

Methylene chloride 75-09-2 5 0.5

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 79-93-3 460 90

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 108-10-1 500 50

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 1634-04-4 60 12

Metolachlor 51218-45-2 15 1.5

Metribuzin 21087-64-9 250 50

Monochlorobenzene 108-90-7 100 20

V-2-6 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-2-2 (continued)

Substance

Chemical Abstract Service Registry

Numberb

Enforcement Standard (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)

Preventive Action Limit (micrograms per liter,

except as noted)c

Naphthalene 91-20-3 40 8

Nickel - - 100 20

Nitrate (as milligrams N per liter) - - 10 2

Nitrate + Nitrite (as milligrams N per liter) - - 10 2

Nitrite (as milligrams N per liter) - - 1 0.2

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 86-30-6 7 0.7

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 87-86-5 1 0.1

Phenol (milligrams per liter) 108-95-2 6 1.2

Picloram 1918-02-1 500 100

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)g 1336-36-3 0.03 0.003

Prometon 1310-18-0 90 18

Pyrene 129-00-0 250 50

Pyridine 110-86-1 10 2

Selenium - - 50 10

Silver - - 50 10

Simazine 122-34-9 4 0.4

Styrene 100-42-5 100 10

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 630-20-6 70 7

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 0.2 0.002

Tetrachloroethylene 127-18-4 5 0.5

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9 50 10

Thallium - - 2 0.4

Toluene (milligrams per liter) 108-88-3 1 0.2

Toxaphene 8001-35-2 3 0.3

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 70 14

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 200 40

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 5 0.5

Trichloroethylene 79-01-6 5 0.5

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-propionic acid (2,4,5-TP) 93-72-1 50 5

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 98-18-4 60 12

Trifluralin 1582-09-8 7.5 0.75

Trimethylbenzenes (1,2,4- and 1,2,5- combined) - -h 480 96

Vanadium - - 30 6

Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 0.2 0.02

Xylene (milligrams per liter)i 1330-20-7 10 1 aAs set forth in Section NR 140.10 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. bThe Chemical Abstract Service registry numbers are unique numbers assigned to chemical substances. cThe preventive action limit is intended to inform the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources of potential groundwater contamination problems, establish levels of contamination at which the WDNR is required to commence efforts to control contamination, and provide a basis for the design of management criteria in administrative rules. dTotal chlorinated atrazine residues includes parent compound and the following metabolites of health concern: 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (formerly deethylatrazine), 2-chloro-4-amino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine (formerly deisopropylatrazine), and 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine (formerly diaminoatrazine).

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-2-7

Table V-2-2 (continued)

eTotal coliform bacteria may not be present in any 100 ml sample using either the membrane filter technique, the presence-absence coliform test, the minimal medium ONPG-MUG test or not present in any 10 ml portion of the 10-tube multiple tube fermentation technique. fThis is a combined chemical substance which includes cis 1,3-dichloropropene (CAS RN 10061-01-5) and trans 1,3-dichloropropene (CAS RN 10061-02-6). gPolychlorinated biphenyls is a class of 209 compounds, each with its own Chemical Abstract Service registry number. hThis is a combined chemical substance which includes 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (CAS RN 95-63-6) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (CAS RN 108-67-8). iXylene includes meta-xylene (CAS RN 108-38-3), ortho-xylene (CAS RN 95-47-6), and para-xylene (CAS RN 106-42-3) combined. The preventative action limit has been set at a concentration that is intended to address taste and odor concerns associated with this substance. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

Table V-2-3

GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SUBSTANCES OF PUBLIC WELFAREa

Substance

Enforcement Standard (milligrams per liter,

except as noted)

Preventive Action Limit (milligrams per liter, except as noted)b

Chloride ................................................................................... 250 125 Color (color units)..................................................................... 15 7.5 Foaming agents (methylene-blue active substances) .............. 0.50 0.25 Iron........................................................................................... 0.30 0.25 Manganese .............................................................................. 0.050 0.025 Odor (threshold odor number) ................................................. 3 1.5 Sulfate...................................................................................... 250 125 Zinc .......................................................................................... 5 2.5

aAs set forth in Chapter NR 140.12 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. bThe preventive action limit is intended to inform the WDNR of potential groundwater contamination problems, establish levels of contamination at which the WDNR is required to commence efforts to control contamination, and provide a basis for the design of management criteria in administrative rules. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

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PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-3-1

Appendix V-3

SURFACE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CRITERIA) AND GUIDELINES

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PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-3-3

Table V-3-1

APPLICABLE WATER USE OBJECTIVES AND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (CRITERIA) AND GUIDELINES FOR LAKES AND STREAMS WITHIN THE REGIONAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE STUDY AREA

Combinations of Water Use Objectives Adopted for Planning Purposesa

Water Quality Parameter

Coldwater Community

Warmwater Sportfish and Forage Fish Communities

Limited Forage Fish Community (variance category)

Limited Aquatic Life (variance category)

Special Variance

Category Ab

Special Variance

Category Bc Source

Recreational use Full Full Full Full Limited Limited

Maximum Temperature (oF)d Background 89.0 89.0 - - 89.0e 89.0 NR 102.04 (4)f

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)d 6.0 minimum

7.0 minimum during spawning

5.0 minimum 3.0 minimum 1.0 minimum 2.0 minimum 2.0 minimum NR 102.04 (4) NR 104.02 (3)

pH Range (S.U.) 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0e 6.0-9.0e NR 102.04 (4)g NR 104.02 (3)

Fecal Coliform (MFFCC)h NR 102.04 (5) NR 104.06 (2)

Mean 200 200 200 200 1,000 1,000

Maximum 400 400 400 400 2,000 - -

Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/l) - -i - - i - - i - - i - -i - -i NR 105 Tables 2c and 4b

Total Phosphorus (mg/l) Regional water quality man-agement planj

Maximum for streams 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1e 0.1e

Maximum for lakes durIng spring turnover

0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 - - - -

Chloride (mg/l) 1,000 maximum

1,000 maximum 1,000 maximum 1,000 maximum 1,000 maximume

1,000 maximume

Regional water quality man-agement plan

aNR 102.04(1) All waters shall meet the following minimum standards at all times and under all flow conditions: substances that will cause objectionable deposits on the shore or in the bed of a body of water, floating or submerged debris, oil, scum, or other material, and material producing color, odor, taste, or unsightliness shall not be present in amounts found to be of public health significance, nor shall substances be present in amounts which are acutely harmful to animal, plant, or aquatic life. bAs set forth in Chapter NR 104.06(2)(a) of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. cAs set forth in Chapter NR 104.06(2)(b) of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. dDissolved oxygen and temperature standards apply to continuous streams and the upper layers of stratified lakes and to unstratified lakes; the dissolved oxygen standard does not apply to the hypolimnion of stratified inland lakes. However, trends in the period of anaerobic conditions in the hypolimnion of deep inland lakes should be considered important to the maintenance of their natural water quality. eNot specifically addressed within the Wisconsin Administrative Code. For planning purposes only, these values are considered to apply. fNR 102.04(4) There shall be no temperature changes that may adversely affect aquatic life. Natural daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations shall be maintained. The maximum temperature rise at the edge of the mixing zone above the natural temperature shall not exceed 5oF for streams. There shall be no significant artificial increases in temperature where natural trout reproduction is to be maintained. gThe pH shall be within the stated range with no change greater than 0.5 unit outside the estimated natural seasonal maximum and minimum. hNR 102.04(5)(a) The membrane filter fecal coliform count may not exceed 200 per 100 ml as a geometric mean based on not less than five samples per month, nor exceed 400 per 100 ml in more than ten percent of all samples during any month. iJ.E. McKee and M.W. Wolf, Water Quality Criteria, 2nd edition, California State Water Quality Control Board, Sacramento, California, 1963. The standards for ammonia nitrogen are set forth in Table IV-8. jU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Quality Criteria for Water, EPA-440/9-76-023, 1976. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and SEWRPC.

V-3-4 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-3-2

HUMAN THRESHOLD CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE FOR WATER QUALITYa,b

Water Use Objectives

For Use As a Water Supply Not Intended for Use As a Water Supply

Substance

Warmwater Sportfish

Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Coldwater Communitiesc

(microgram per liter, except

as noted)

Warmwater Forage, Limited

Forage, and Warmwater

Sportfish Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Coldwater Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Limited Aquatic Life (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Arcolein 7.2 3.4 15 4.4 2,800

Antimony 10 10 2,220 2,200 2,200

Benzene 5 5 610 260 4,000

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 1,100 1,100 55,000 34,000 220,000

Cadmium 10 10 1,200 1,200 2,800

Chlordaned (nanogram per liter) 2.4 0.70 2.4 0.70 310,000

Chlorobenzene 100 100 4,900 1,600 110,000

Chromium (+3) 28,000 28,000 2,500,000 2,5000,000 5,600,000

Chromium (+6) 140 140 13,000 13,000 28,000

Cyanide, total 200 200 40,000 40,000 120,000

4,4’-DDTd (nanogram per liter) 3.0 0.88 3.0 0.88 2,800,000

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 600 600 6,400 1,900 500,000

1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,400 710 3,300 1,000 500,000

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 70 70 14,000 9,000 56,000

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 100 100 24,000 13,000 110,000

Dichloromethane 5 5 95,000 72,000 328,000

2,4-Dichlorophenol 74 58 580 180 17,000

Dichloropropenese 8.3 8.2 420 260 1,700

Dieldrind (nanogram per liter) 0.59 0.17 0.59 0.17 280,000

2,4-Dimethylphenol 450 430 11,000 4,500 94,000

Diethyl phthalate 5000 5000 68,000 21,000 4,500,000

Dimethyl phthalate (milligram per liter) 241 184 1,680 530 56,000

4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 100 96 1,800 640 22,000

Dinitrophenolse 55 55 2,800 1,800 11,000

2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.51 0.48 13 5.3 110

Endosulfan 87 41 181 54 33,600

Ethylbenzene 700 700 12,000 3,700 560,000

Fluoranthene 890 610 4,300 1,300 220,000

Hexachlorobenzened 0.075 0.022 0.075 0.022 4,500

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 50 50 980 310 39,000

Hexachloroethane 8.7 3.3 13 3.7 5,600

γ-BHC (Lindane)d 0.20 0.20 0.84 0.25 1,900

Isophorone 5,500 5,300 180,000 80,000 1,100,000

Lead 10 10 140 140 2,240

Mercuryd 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 336

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-3-5

Table V-3-2 (continued)

Water Use Objectives

For Use As a Water Supply Not Intended for Use As a Water Supply

Substance

Warmwater Sportfish

Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Coldwater Communitiesc

(microgram per liter, except

as noted)

Warmwater Forage, Limited

Forage, and Warmwater

Sportfish Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Coldwater Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Limited Aquatic Life (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Nickel 100 100 43,000 43,000 110,000

Pentachlorobenzened 0.46 0.14 0.47 0.14 4,500

Selenium 50 50 2,600 2,600 28,000

Silver 140 140 28,000 28,000 28,000

2,3,7,8-TCDDd (picogram per liter) 0.11 0.032 0.11 0.032 7,300

1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzened 0.54 0.17 0.58 0.17 1,700

Toluene 1,000 1,000 76,000 26,000 1,200,000

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 200 200 270,000 110,000 2,000,000

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 1,600 830 3,900 1,200 560,000 aValues set forth in Chapter NR 105 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. bAll surface waters shall meet the human threshold and human cancer criteria specified in or developed pursuant to Wisconsin Administrative Code NR 105.08 and 105.09, respectively. cFor bioaccumulative chemicals of concern pursuant to NR 105.03 (9), criteria apply to all water of the Great Lakes system. dIndicates a bioaccumulative chemical of concern. eThe human threshold criteria for this chemical are applicable to each isomer. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

V-3-6 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-3-3

HUMAN CANCER CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE FOR WATER QUALITYa,b

Water Use Objectives

For Use As a Water Supply Not Intended for Use As a Water Supply

Substance

Warmwater Sportfish

Communities (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Coldwater Communitiesc

(microgram per liter, except

as noted)

Warmwater Forage, Limited

Forage, and Warmwater

Sportfish Communities (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Coldwater Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Limited Aquatic Life (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Acrylonitrile 0.57 0.45 4.6 1.5 130

Arsenic 0.185 0.185 50 50 50

α-BHCd 0.012 0.0037 0.013 0.0039 11

γ-BHC (Lindane)d 0.052 0.018 0.064 0.019 54

BHC, technical graded 0.038 0.013 0.047 0.014 39

Benzene 5 5 140 45 1,300

Benzidine (nanogram per liter) 1.5 1.5 81 55 300

Beryllium 0.054 0.054 0.33 0.33 16

Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 0.31 0.29 7.6 3.0 64

Bis(chloromethyl) ether (nanogram per liter) 1.6 1.6 96 79 320

Carbon tetrachloride 2.5 2.1 29 9.5 540

Chlordaned (nanogram per liter) 0.41 0.12 0.41 0.12 54,000

Chloroethene (vinyl chloride) 0.18 0.18 10 6.8 37

Chloroform (trichloromethane) 55 53 1,960 922 11,200

4,4’-DDTd (nanogram per liter) 0.22 0.065 0.22 0.065 206,000

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 14 12 163 54 2,940

3,3’-Dichlorobenzidine 0.51 0.29 1.5 0.46 154

1,2-Dichloroethane 3.8 3.8 217 159 770

Dichloromethane 5 5 2,700 2,100 9,600

Dieldrind (nanogram per liter) 0.0091 0.0027 0.0091 0.0027 4,400

2,4-Dinitrotoluene 0.51 0.48 13 5.3 110

1,2-Diphenylhydrazine 0.38 0.31 3.3 1.04 88

Halomethanese 55 53 1,960 922 11,200

Hexachlorobenzened (nanogram per liter) 0.73 0.22 0.73 0.22 44,000

Hexachlorobutadiened 0.59 0.19 0.69 0.2 910

Hexachloroethane 7.7 2.9 11 3.3 5,000

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (nanogram per liter) 2.3 2.3 150 140 460

N-Nitrosodimethylamine 0.0068 0.0068 0.46 0.46 1.4

N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine 0.063 0.062 2.5 1.3 13

N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 44 23 116 34 13,000

N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 0.17 0.17 11 11 34

Polychlorinated biphenylsd (nanogram per liter) 0.01 0.003 0.01 0.003 9,100

2,3,7,8-TCDDd (picogram per liter) 0.014 0.0041 0.014 0.0041 930

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1.7 1.6 52 22 350

Tetrachloroethene 5.8 4.6 46 15 1,300

PRELIMINARY DRAFT V-3-7

Table V-3-3 (continued)

Water Use Objectives

For Use As a Water Supply Not Intended for Use As a Water Supply

Substance

Warmwater Sportfish

Communities (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Coldwater Communitiesc

(microgram per liter, except

as noted)

Warmwater Forage, Limited

Forage, and Warmwater

Sportfish Communities (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Coldwater Communities (microgram

per liter, except as noted)

Limited Aquatic Life (microgram

per liter, exceptas noted)

Toxaphened (nanogram per liter) 0.11 0.034 0.14 0.034 63,600

1,1,2-Trichloroethane 6.0 6.0 195 87 1,200

Trichlororethene 5 5 539 194 6,400

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 29 24 300 97 6,400 aValues set forth in Chapter NR 105 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. bAll surface waters shall meet the human threshold and human cancer criteria specified in or developed pursuant to NR 105.08 and NR 105.09, respectively. cFor bioaccumulative chemicals of concern pursuant to NR 105.03 (9), criteria apply to all water of the Great Lakes system. dIndicates a bioaccumulative chemical of concern. eHuman cancer criteria for halomethanes are applicable to any combination of the following chemicals: bromomethane (methyl bromide), chloromethane (methyl chloride), tribromomethane (bromoform), bromodichloromethane (dichloromethyl bromide), dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon 12), and trichlorofluoromethane (fluorocarbon 11). Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

V-3-8 PRELIMINARY DRAFT

Table V-3-4

THRESHOLD CONCENTRATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE FOR SUBSTANCES CAUSING

TASTE AND ODOR IN WATERa,b

Substance Threshold Concentration

(microgram per liter)

Acenaphthene .............................. 20.00 Chlorobenzene............................. 20.00 2-Chlorophenol............................. 0.10 3-Chlorophenol............................. 0.10 4-Chlorophenol............................. 0.10 Copper ......................................... 1,000.00 2,3-Dichlorophenol ....................... 0.04 2,4-Dichlorophenol ....................... 0.30 2,5-Dichlorophenol ....................... 0.50 2,6-Dichlorophenol ....................... 0.20 3,4-Dichlorophenol ....................... 0.30 2,4-Dimethylphenol ...................... 400.00 Hexachloropentiadiene ................ 1.00 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol.............. 1,800.00 3-Methyl-4-Chlorophenol.............. 3,000.00 3-Methyl-6-Chlorophenol.............. 20.00 Nitrobenzene................................ 30.00 Pentachlorophenol ....................... 30.00 Phenol .......................................... 300.00 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol ............ 1.00 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol ................... 1.00 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol ................... 2.00 Zinc .............................................. 5,000.00

aValues set forth in Chapter NR 102 of the Wisconsin Adminis-trative Code. bAll surface waters providing public drinking water supplies or classified as Coldwater or warmwater sportfish communities shall meet the taste and odor criteria specified in or developed pursuant to Section NR 102.14. For substances imparting tastes or odors to water, the criteria are the concentrations listed in the table. For substances imparting tastes or odors to aquatic organisms, the criteria is computed by dividing the concentration listed in the table (converted to mg/l) by the aquatic life bioaccumulation factor as derived in Section NR 105.10. Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.