01/09/08

Planning 1:

National Guidance Documents

For Security Cooperation

01/09/08

Objectives Understand the SCO’s role in execution

of National Security Strategy

Identify the requirements levied by the GEF on GCCs

Know & understand the characteristics of each type of actor in GEF

01/09/08

Former SECDEF on Security Cooperation

“…the United States’ interagencytool kit is still a hodgepodge of jury-rigged arrangements constrained by a dated and complex patchwork of authorities, persistent shortfalls in resources, and unwieldy processes.” Robert Gates

Foreign AffairsMay-June 2010

01/09/08

Security Cooperation Reform Task Force (SCRTF)

(Report approved by SECDEF July 2011)

Finding 1.1: “…DoD…does not assess, anticipate, prioritize or address partner requirements as well as it should…Effective security cooperation requires that allDoD activities be coordinated toward a common end... DoD pursues uneven and disjointed security cooperation activities and is not well prepared to present a unified security cooperation strategy to its interagency partners, Congress, industry, and partner countries.”

01/09/08

Security Cooperation Reform Task Force (SCRTF) (Cont’d)

Finding 1.2: “There is no standard DoD-wide methodology or formal process governing “capability package planning” – planning that organizes and synchronizes the procurement of defense articles and defense services with related security cooperation activities…[This] lack…too often results in unclear requirements and a focus on end-item delivery as opposed to building sustainable partner capabilities that mutually support United States and partner objectives…”

01/09/08

SCO

TheGuidance for Employment of the Force

(GEF)

FY 2014Joint Regional Strategy (JSR)

Bureau ofAfrican Affairs

FY 2014Integrated Country

Strategy (ICS)

Bandarian

TheaterCampaign

Plan

TheaterStrategy

(GCC)(Embassy)

** SCO required to review & provide input to TCP & ICS

(OSD)

(OSD)

(OSD)

(Joint Staff)

(Main State)

(Regional Bureau)

01/09/08

National Security Strategy (NSS)DoD

Summary: • Origin & basis for all USG security

strategies• President’s security interests & values • Broad initial planning guidance

Goals:• Strengthen security & resilience at home • Disrupt, dismantle, & defeat terrorist

groups • Reverse spread of/secure WMD• Advance peace, security, & opportunity in

Greater Middle East • Secure Cyberspace

Essential SC Themes:• Invest in the capacity of “strong &

capable partners” • Strengthen institutions & mechanisms for

cooperation • Sustain broad cooperation on key global

challenges

01/09/08

US/Partner Nation Strategic Environment

Security Cooperation

Development

Defense

Diplomacy

01/09/08

Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR)

Secretary Clinton’s Pillars of Foreign Policy:

• Deepening relationships with allies• Assisting developing nations to build

their own capacities• Engaging with emerging centers of

influence and encouraging greater responsibility

• Renewing U.S. commitment as an active trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific, hemispheric leader

• Re-engaging global institutions and modernizing them to meet evolving challenges

• Upholding and defending universal values enshrined in the U.N. Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Leading through example, and engaging directly with the people of the nations

01/09/08

Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR)

State and USAID Joint Strategic Goals with an SC Theme: Counter threats to the United States and

the international order…

Effectively manage transitions in the

frontline states…

Provide humanitarian assistance and

support disaster mitigation…

Secure U.S. government presence

internationally…

01/09/08

Joint State/USAID Strategic PlanDoS• Summary:

• SECSTATE’s vision of how DoS & USAID will implement US foreign policy/assistance

• Goals:• Achieve peace & security• Govern justly & democratically• Invest in people • Promote economic growth &

prosperity • Provide humanitarian assistance• Promote international

understanding

• Essential SC Themes:• Counter-terrorism • Reduce/eliminate WMD • Promote conflict prevention &

resolution• Conduct security cooperation and

Security Sector Reform (SSR)

01/09/08

Joint Strategic Goal Framework

Source: 2010 State/USAID Joint Summary of Performance

01/09/08

Achieving Peace and Security-- Security Cooperation and Security Sector Reform

“We will develop and maintain effective security relationships with other countries and international organizations. We will build strong partnerships through robust political-military activities such as defense trade and export control regimes; arms control, non-proliferation, and disarmament agreements and verification protocols; international treaties, alliances, and burden-sharing agreements; security assistance programs; international exercises; and active confidence-building measures. We will build the

State/USAID Strategic Plan, 2007--2012

capacity of partners to counter regional threats, and to deploy to international peacekeeping and humanitarian relief operations and coalition warfightingand stabilization missions in the interest of delivering peace and security.”

SECSTATE

01/09/08

USAID Civilian-Military Cooperation Policy

“It is USAID’s policy forall operating units tocooperate with DoD in joint planning, assess-ment and evaluation, training, implementation, and communication in all aspects of foreign assistance activities where both organizations are operating and where civilian-military cooperation will advance USG foreign policy.”

01/09/08

National Defense Strategy (NDS) Summary:

• Origin & basis for all DoD security strategies

• SECDEF’s assessment of threat to NSS security interests & values

• Broad guidance for all DoD planning

Objectives (Ends):• Defend the homeland • Win the Long War • Promote security• Deter conflict • Win our nation’s wars

01/09/08

NDS (Con’td) 5 Ways (Methods):

• Shape the choices of key states

• Prevent adversaries from acquiring or using WMD

• Strengthen & expand alliances and partnerships

• Secure US strategic access and retain freedom of action

• Integrate and unify our efforts; a new “Jointness”

8 Means (Resources):

• The Total Force

• Strategic communications

• Intelligence and information

• Organizational excellence

• First-class technology and equipment

• Alliances & partnerships

• Security cooperation

• Global posture

01/09/08

2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)

• Defend the US and support civil authorities at home

• Succeed in counter-insurgency, stability, and CT opns

• Build the security capacity of partner states

• Deter and defeat aggression in anti-access environments

• Prevent proliferation and counter WMD

• Operate effectively in cyberspace

01/09/08

2010 QDR Initiatives• Strengthen general purpose force capabilities for SFA

(train and advise the security forces of partner nations)

• Enhance linguistic, regional, and cultural ability

• Expand capabilities for training partner aviation forces

• Strengthen capacities for ministerial-level training

• Civilian Expeditionary Workforce (CEW)• Defense Institution Reform Initiative (DIRI)• Ministry of Defense Advisor Program (MODA)

• Create mechanisms to facilitate more rapid transfer of critical materiel

• Strengthen capacities for training regional and international security organizations

01/09/08

National Military Strategy (NMS) Summary:

• Origin & basis for all US joint force security strategies

• CJCS’s assessment of US military’s capability to support the NDS

• CJCS’s guidance to services & COCOMs for coordination of strategic planning

Goals:• Counter violent extremism• Deter & defeat aggression • Strengthen international & regional

security• Shape the future force

Essential SC Themes:• Work closely with coalitions & key

individual allies to defeat terrorism• Strengthen & expand our network of

partnerships • Enable partner capabilities & capacities• Promote a robust conventional deterrent

through visible partnering efforts

01/09/08

Translates national security strategic objectives into a prioritized and comprehensive planning tool

Applies to all DoD entities

Tasks GCCs to create theater campaign plans in support of theater strategies

Approved by SECDEF in April 2011; supersedes most of 2008 GEF

Contingency planning approved by POTUS

2010 Guidance For Employment of the Force (GEF)

01/09/08

Impact of the GEF(beginning 2008)

Previously GEF

Planning system largely centered around individual scenarios/contingencies

Contingency planning done within broader context of strategy and related campaign plans

Primarily focused on COCOMs DoD enterprise-wide guidance

Predominant focus on combat operations

Increased focus on security cooperation, other shaping activities, and stability operations

Planning relatively unconstrained by resource considerations

Resource constraints explicitly recognized and addressed

COCOM assessments narrowly focused on theater security cooperation plan

Assessments tied to achievement of campaign plans’ strategic end states

01/09/08

National Military Strategy (NMS)National Defense Strategy (NDS)

National Security Strategy (NSS)

Employthe Force

Managethe Force

Developthe Force

Guidance for Development of the Force (GDF)

Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF)

NuclearWeaponsPlanningGuidance

GlobalForce Mgmt Guidance

Analytic Agenda Guidance

Joint Concepts & Experiment. Guidance

Science & Technology Guidance

ContingencyPlanning Guidance

SecurityCooperationGuidance

GlobalPosture Guidance

StrategicPlanning Guidance

Transfor-mation Planning Guidance

GlobalPostureGuidance

Human Capital Strategy

CJCS Comprehensive Risk Assessment

Consolidating five separate documents forces holistic thinking about previously stove-piped planning

Strategic Guidance Hierarchy

01/09/08

The Organization of the GEF1. Introduction

2. Strategic Context, Global Priorities and Strategic

Assumptions *3. Resources and Forces

4. Global Defense Posture

5. Campaign Planning Construct

6. General Planning Guidance

7. Functional Planning Guidance

8. Regional Planning Guidance *9. Implementation Guidance

10. Assessments

Annexes:

A. (TS)

B. (TS)

C. Security Cooperation Tools & Resources

D. Procedures for Changes to the GEF

E. Global and Theater Strategic

End States *F. Approved Global Defense

Posture Changes

References

Glossary

Acronyms

* Make sure you review

01/09/08

Captures SECDEF guidance for general, regional, and functional planning efforts

Emphasizes inter-agency input into DoD planning and integration of DoD planning with other agencies

COCOMs develop strategies and campaign plans to pursue global strategic end states identified in GEF

Campaign plans link SC activities to current operations and contingency plans

SC is a “shaping” effort (Phase 0 or Shape) and an integral part of GCC steady-state activities

Contingency plans are branches to campaign plans

GEF Chapter I: Introduction

01/09/08

Phases of Joint Operations (JP 5-0)

Phase 0Shape

01/09/08

Identifies 10 Global Prioritized End States

Lists assumptions for next 2-5 years

Identifies and defines Global Core Partners:

Maintain long-term, dependable relationship with USG

Have capacity or potential to provide security assistance

Can work with US in multiple AORs

GEF Chapter II: Global Priorities and Strategic Assumptions

01/09/08

Theater campaign plans “operationalize” theater strategies

Planning should focus on steady-state activities (ongoing operations, security cooperation, other shaping activities)

Planning should be pro-active, ideally preventing problems from becoming crises.

GEF Chapter V: Campaign Planning Overview

01/09/08

GCCs should ---

Establish achievable intermediate military objectives (IMOs) which contribute to the strategic end states listed in the GEF

Establish a baseline status for each IMO to measure progress

Develop key indicators of progress to assess results

Maintain situational awareness during execution to assess campaign feasibility and changes to the strategic environment

GEF Chapter V: Campaign Planning Overview (Cont’d)

01/09/08

“The campaign plan is thus the primary vehicle for designing, organizing, integrating, and executing security cooperation activities and synchronizing the Department’s plans and activities with US development and diplomatic efforts. Eliminating the need to execute a contingency plan is usually the most desirable outcome of these activities and operations.”

GEF Chapter V

Purpose of the Campaign Plan

01/09/08

Promote acceptable international behavior by potential adversaries

Sustain peace and security under conditions that promote US

national interests

Set the conditions for military success (or mitigation of harmful

consequences in case a contingency cannot be prevented)

Build effective, legitimate, interoperable, and self-sustaining

partners

Leverage the capabilities of partners to help achieve end states

Strengthen alliances and partnerships

GEF Chapter V

Measures of Successof the Campaign Plan

01/09/08

Actors Designated by the GEF Global Level (Chapter II)

Global Core Partners

GCC Level (Chapter V) Critical Partners

Essential to achieving a given end state

Key Supporting PartnersHelp a GCC achieve an end state

Actors of ConcernPose a problem…may not be adversaries

Know Your

Country!(Country Reference Guide Homework)

01/09/08

“A select group of countries/organizations deemed

most essential to a COCOM’s ability to achieve a

theater or functional end state. Critical partners

directly receive US security cooperation resources

(forces, time, money, effort). Critical partners can

include countries with which the US desires a closer

relationship in the future.”

GEF Chapter V

GEF – Critical Partners

01/09/08

“Countries or organizations whose supporting

capabilities help a COCOM achieve one or more of its

strategic end states. They may or may not be from

within the AOR assigned to a GCC. Key supporting

partners are considered competent and able to bring

a level of expertise to complement or supplement US

capabilities for achieving end states.”

GEF Chapter V

GEF – Key Supporting Partners

01/09/08

“Countries or non-state actors that pose a problem

affecting a region. They may not be adversaries but

left unaddressed they pose a clear potential threat to

achieving USG strategic objectives. SC and Phase 0

activities should be designed at least in part to assist

actors of concern with their internal problems.”

GEF Chapter V

GEF – Actors of Concern

01/09/08

“To the extent possible, combatant commanders

should strive to apply no less than half of the

sum of their security cooperation time, effort, and

discretional resources toward critical partners

[for GCCs] or global core partners [for FCCs].”

GEF Chapter III

GEF Security Cooperation Planning Guidance

01/09/08

GEF Guidance to Theater Campaign Plans(Graphic from 2008 GEF)

Country GWOTCP

CWMDCP

CPES #1

CPES #2

CPES #3

KSP AOC

Bandaria X X

Zastavia X X XCP/CFP ES: Critical/Functional Partner for End State

KSP: Key Supporting Partner• A country in or outside the AOR• Militarily capable • Can complement or supplement US capabilities

AOC: Actor of Concern• An adversary, an exploitive country, or simply an unstable nation• Actively opposing US/alliance interests or capable of producing security

problems through future actions/failures (economic exploitation, human rights abuses, etc.)

• Combatant Command cannot achieve one or more strategic end states without this country’s collaboration or assistance

• Receives priority for SC resources (time, money, effort)

01/09/08

GEF Chapter VIII: Regional Planning Guidance

1) Planning Requirement

2) Strategic Context

3) Prioritized Theater Strategic End States Linked to one or more SC focus area

4) Theater Strategic Assumptions

5) Campaign Plan Priorities Including Critical Partners, Key Supporting Partners, and

Actors of Concern

6) Additional Planning Guidance

7) Posture Guidance (footprint, forces, agreements)

8) Contingency Planning Requirements

01/09/08

GEF Chapter IX: Implementation Guidance

1) All GCCs write theater strategies; their campaign plans should operationalize their strategies

2) Other DoD entities (MILDEPS, etc.) coordinate international activities with GCCs

3) USDP ensures all GCCs have visibility of non-DoD entities within their AORs

4) All DoD entities use GEF strategic end states (and partnerships) as basis for SC efforts

5) TSCMIS (Theater Security Cooperation Management Information System) is the authoritative data for DoD’s SC activities worldwide.

6) DoD will pursue more collaborative planning, especially with State and USAID

01/09/08

Develop theater strategy

Develop theater campaign plan which “operationalizes” that strategy

Coordinate all activities of other DoD entities w/I AOR

Establish intermediate military objectives (IMOs) to support GEF end states

Focus resources on Critical Partners

GEF Main Requirements

For GCCs

01/09/08

In Execution• Counter-Terrorism• Combating Weapons of Mass

Destruction• Theater Posture Plan

GCC Theater Strategy & Theater Campaign Plan

FunctionalPlans

ContingencyPlans

Deviations from ourTheater Campaign Plan

• CRISIS RESPONSE

• EMERGENCIES

• Building Partner Capabilities

• Maintain Alliances and Partnerships

• Enhance Coalition Readiness

• Assure Allies

• Deter Adversaries

GCC Theater Strategy

GCC Component Supporting Plans

Country-level Campaign Plans

Theater Campaign Plan

Region A Region B

Regional Campaign Plans

NSS, NDS, NMS, GEF, JSCP

US Interagency Partner Plans

01/09/08

• Humanitarian Initiatives

• Cooperative Relationships and Agreements

• Security Cooperation Personnel

Y

• Partner Air Force Engagements

Security CooperationNotional Assessment Construct (Overall Scale)

41

Key Supporting Partner

Actor of Concern

X, Y, and Z are example country assessments with end state vectors

Nat

ion

/Par

tner

C

apab

ility

Nation/Partner Relationship

• Education & Training• Global Force Posture• Personnel Exchanges

• Equipping Activities• Information Sharing• Personnel Exchanges

• Exercises • Technology Transfer and Disclosure

Critical Partner Global Core Partner

X

Z

Incr

easi

ng L

evel

of C

apab

ility

and

or

Acc

ess

Increasing Level of Relationship

GEF Defined Terms

US

Acc

ess

to N

atio

n/P

artn

er

01/09/08

Questions?