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THE 13 COLONIESPlaces and People
PEOPLE TO KNOW
John Locke English Philosopher Beliefs
Personal liberty could coexist with political order
Consent is the basis for government and fixes its limits;
Government is a social contract with limited powers
Government can be modified by the governed
Introduced unalienable rights which included life, liberty and protection of property
Introduced legislative and executive branches of a government
PEOPLE TO KNOW
Charles de Montesquieu French philosopher Beliefs
Added the Judiciary to the Branches of Government
Introduced separation of powers;
believed that in a republic, education is an absolute necessity
PEOPLE TO KNOW
William Blackstone English judge, jurist
and professor wrote the book on
common law called Commentaries on the Laws of England
wrote about “natural rights” which included life and liberty
Beliefs Religious tolerance The idea of self-defense
(later became the 2nd Amendment)
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Physical Characteristics Appalachian Mountains navigable rivers, richer
soil, warm climate, raw materials,
Human Characteristics Economic: plantations, Political: more slaves,
more class-based society, Social: small coastal
towns Religious: Church of
England, Catholics
IMPORTANT DETAILS
Jamestown, Virginia (1st Colony) founded in 1607 Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
1st representative assembly in the colonies. Enacted laws and to protect individual rights.
Maryland established for religious freedom for Catholics
Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina established for economic freedom
Georgia established for refuge for English debtors (poor) and as a buffer zone against Spanish Florida
NEW ENGLAND
Physical Characteristics Atlantic Ocean,
subsistence farming, poor soil, cold climate, forest
Human Characteristics Economic: raw materials,
logging, fishing, shipbuilding
Political: town meetings, representative government
Social factors: small coastal towns
Religious factors: Puritans
IMPORTANT DETAILS
Plymouth, Massachusetts 2nd colony founded in 1620 Maine is part of Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact (1620) Established the idea of self-government and majority rule Provided a model for later development of representative government. A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules.
Thomas Hooker Puritan Leader that migrated to Connecticut; influenced the writing of
the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1638)
1st written constitution in the colonies. This document stated that people had the right to elect governors,
judges, and a legislature. All colonies founded for religious freedom for Puritans Boston, Massachusetts largest city in region
MIDDLE COLONIES
Physical Characteristics Rich soil; broad, deep
rivers; more natural ports; river valleys, mild winters, raw materials,
Atlantic Ocean
Human Characteristics Economic: large farms, logging, fishing,
shipbuilding Political: more tolerance Social: small coastal towns Religious: Quakers
IMPORTANT DETAILS
William Penn Founds Pennsylvania Religious and political freedom for Quakers
New Amsterdam Renamed New York after England defeats
Denmark in war The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and
Delaware founded for economic freedom The two largest cities of the colony are New
York, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
13 COLONIES MAP
New England ColoniesNeverMakeCynthiaRun
Middle ColoniesNewPenniesNewDimes
Southern ColoniesMyVehicleNeedsSomeGas
Southern ColoniesMy MarylandVehicle VirginiaNeeds North CarolinaSome South CarolinaGasGeorgia
New England ColoniesNever New HampshireMakeMassachusettsCynthia ConnecticutRunRhode Island
Middle ColoniesNew New YorkPenniesPennsylvaniaNew New JerseyDimes Delaware