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Vorkuta

For other uses of “Vorkuta”, see  Vorkuta (disambigua-

tion).

Vorkuta  (Russian: Воркута  ;́  Komi: Вӧркута, Vörkuta;

Nenets for place teems with bears )[8] is a coal-mining town

in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the

Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa River.

Population: 70,548 (2010 Census);[4] 84,917 (2002 Cen-

sus);[9] 115,646 (1989 Census).[10]

1 History

Industrial coal fields by Vorkuta River were discovered in

1930 by geologist Georgy Chernov. Georgy was son of

another geologist, Alexander Chernov, who promoted the

development of the Pechora coal basin, which included

the Vorkuta fields.[11][12] With this discovery coal mining

industry started in Komi ASSR. At the time only south-

ern parts of field were included in the Komi ASSR. The

northern part, including Vorkuta, belonged to Nenets Au-

tonomous Okrug of  Arkhangelsk Oblast. In 1931 a ge-

ologist settlement was established by the coal field, with

most of workers being inmates of Ukhta-Pechora Camp

of GULAG (Ухтпечлаг,  Ukhpechlag).   [11] [13] The ori-

gins of the town of Vorkuta are associated in  one of the

more notorious forced labor camps  of the Gulag which

was established in 1932, with the start of the mining.

In 1941, Vorkuta and the labor camp system based

around it were connected to the rest of the world by a

prisoner-built railroad linking Konosha,  Kotlas, and the

camps of Inta. Town status was granted to Vorkuta on

November 26, 1943.[11] It was the largest center of the

Gulag camps in European Russia and served as the ad-

ministrative center for a large number of smaller camps

and subcamps, among them Kotlas, Pechora, and Izhma

(modern  Sosnogorsk). In 1953, the town witnessed a

major uprising by the camp inmates.

2 Administrative and municipal

status

Within the   framework of administrative divisions,

it is, together with eight   urban-type settlements

(Komsomolsky,   Mulda,   Oktyabrsky,   Promyshlenny,Severny,   Vorgashor,   Yeletsky, and   Zapolyarny) and

seven   rural localities, incorporated as the   town of

republic significance   of Vorkuta—an administrative

unit with the status equal to that of the   districts.[1] As a

municipal division, the town of republic significance of

Vorkuta is incorporated as  Vorkuta Urban Okrug.[2]

3 Economy

By the early part of the 21st century many of the mines

had been closed as problems with high costs of operationshave plagued the mine operators. At one time during the

late 1980s and 1990s there were labor actions in the area

by miners who had not been paid for a year.[14][15]

4 Climate

Mining College in Vorkuta

Vorkuta has a subarctic climate with short cool summers

and very cold and dry winters. The average February

temperature is about −20 °C (−4 °F), and in July it isabout +13 °C (55 °F).

5 Miscellaneous

The town is served by Vorkuta Airport. During the Cold

War, an Arctic Control Group forward staging base for

strategic bombers was located at Vorkuta Sovetsky.[17]

One of the largest coal mine disasters in Russia occurred

at Vorkuta coal mine on 28 February 2016, when leaking

methane gas ignited and killed 32 people, including 26trapped miners that had been stranded by a similar ex-

plosion 3 days prior that had killed four miners. [18]

1

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2   6 REFERENCES 

6 References

6.1 Notes

[1] Law #16-RZ

[2] Law #11-RZ

[3]   Глава городского округа   Check |url= value (help) (in

Russian). May 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2013.

[4] Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).

"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года.

Том 1” [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].

Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010

All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian).  Federal State

Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.

[5] Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный

закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении

времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федераль-

ный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в си-

лу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня офи-

циального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опуб-

ликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г.

(Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law

#107-FZ of June 31, 2011   On Calculating Time, as

amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014

On Amending Federal Law “On Calculating Time” . Effec-

tive as of after sixty days following the day of the official

publication.).

[6]   Информационный портал администрации Воркуты -

История Воркуты 1930-1945 годы   (in Russian). Re-trieved March 14, 2011.

[7] Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный

центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post ).   Поиск объектов

почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)

[8]   “About city”   Check |url= value (help). Retrieved 11

February 2016.

[9]   Russian Federal State Statistics Service   (May 21,

2004).   "Численность населения России, субъектов

Российской Федерации в составе федеральных

округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских

населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельскихнаселённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более

человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts,

Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural

Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities

with Population of Over 3,000]  (XLS).  Всероссийская

перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population

Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.

[10] Demoscope Weekly (1989).   "Всесоюзная перепись

населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения

союзных и автономных республик, автономных

областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов,

городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union

Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Unionand Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and

Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements,

and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].

Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union

Population Census of 1989]   (in Russian). Институт

демографии Национального исследовательского

университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of

Demography at the National Research University: Higher

School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

[11]   "История Воркуты"(Russian)(retrieved August 3, 2004)

[12]   "История Воркуты"(Russian)(retrieved August 3, 2004)

[13]   "Историческая справка. МО ГО "Воркута""(Russian)

(retrieved August 3, 2004)

[14]   “Vorkuta Miners Hold Authorities Prisoners”.  Russia To-

day. www.aha.ru. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[15] Keller, Bill (1990-08-27).  “At Gulag Cemetery, a Strug-

gle Against Forgetting”.   The New York Times .   ISSN

0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-10-15.

[16]   “Pogoda.ru.net”   (in Russian). Retrieved February 16,

2012.

[17]   “Vorkuta”. www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2008-07-

18.

[18]   “Russian Coal Mine Accident in Vorkuta Kills 36, Includ-

ing 5 Rescuers”. Associated Press. 28 February 2016.

Retrieved 28 February 2016.

6.2 Sources

•   Государственный Совет Республики Ко-ми. Закон №13-РЗ от 6 марта 2006 г. «Об

административно-территориальном устройстве

Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26

декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого

пункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на тер-

ритории Прилузского района Республики Коми,

и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некото-

рые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в силу

со дня официального опубликования. Опуб-

ликован: "Республика", №44, 16 марта 2006 г.

(State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #16-RZ

of March 6, 2006  On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Komi Republic , as amended by the

Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abolishing

the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka Located 

on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the Komi 

Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of the

Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of the

official publication date.).

•   Государственный Совет Республики Коми. За-

кон №11-РЗ от 5 марта 2005 г. «О территори-

альной организации местного самоуправления в

Республике Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26

декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённогопункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на тер-

ритории Прилузского района Республики Коми,

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3

и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некото-

рые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в си-

лу 1 апреля 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Республи-

ка", №44–45, 17 марта 2005 г. (State Council of

the Komi Republic. Law #11-RZ of March 5, 2005

On the Territorial Organization of the Local Self-

Government in the Komi Republic , as amended bythe Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abol-

ishing the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka

Located on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the

Komi Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of 

the Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of April

1, 2005.).

•  Adapted from the article Vorkuta , from Wikinfo , li-

censed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

7 External links•  The official website of Vorkuta (Russian)

•  Vorcutincy.ru - The site of Vorkuta (Russian)

•   Vorkutlag-Vorkuta. Double remembrance to the

Soviet history of the city.

•   Vorkuta. History (Russian)

•   First webcam Vorkuta overlooking the main street

of the city (Russian)

•

 Contemporary photographs of Vorkuta

•  Contemporary photographs of the city on the

webpage of the local mine rescue association

•  1996 photos of Vorkuta

•  Links to photos of Vorkuta and Usinsk, 1998

•  Rusko 2005 – Galerie: Vorkuta (Czech)

•  Historical photographs

•  Gulag report - Vorkuta

•  Gulag settlement outside Vorkuta

•  Other photographs

•  Wooden crosses of the German prisoners of

the Gulag

•  Vorkuta coal mines

•  Places and mines - Vorkuta (Russian)

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4   8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES 

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text

•   Vorkuta  Source:   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorkuta?oldid=708178944  Contributors:  Eloquence, Nikai, Andres, PuzzletChung, PBS,

Altenmann, Clngre, (:Julien:), Humus sapiens, Halibutt, Timvasquez, Monedula, Curps, Ezhiki, Untifler, Maximaximax, Irpen, Mza-

baluev, Thorwald, Kate, RichFarmbrough, BeringStrait, Gunnernett, Darwinek,AnthonyAppleyard, Sciurinæ, Cmapm, Japanese Searobin,

WadeSimMiser, Rjwilmsi, Valip, FlaBot, Jameshfisher, Mechasheherezada, Chobot, YurikBot, CambridgeBayWeather, Alex Bakharev,

Molobo, Bota47, Katpatuka, Petri Krohn, Anclation~enwiki, Curpsbot-unicodify, SmackBot, Xaosflux, Hmains, Rolypolyman, Scwlong,

Backspace, Greenshed, WhereAmI, Jmlk17, Ala.foum, AB, JorisvS, Masem, Tornadothrasher, Whhalbert, Scheridon, Cydebot, Mat-

tisse, Vhorvat, Dr. Blofeld, Superzohar, Oakes, HanzoHattori, Hurmata, Bongwarrior, Avicennasis, Geertv, Hellerick, Cotton2, Com-

monsDelinker, Peter Chastain, Azh7, Idioma-bot, Broadbot, AlleborgoBot, HitokiriGaijin, SieBot, Gerakibot, Darth Clam, OKBot, Cirt,

Excirial, Stepheng3, Budelberger, Dean3000, Addbot, Cst17, CarsracBot, Colonialscholar, Lightbot, Romanskolduns, Greyhood, Luckas-

bot, AnomieBOT, ArthurBot, Xqbot, GrouchoBot, Lexa87, LucienBOT, Tyrker, EmausBot, WikitanvirBot, Webmailreg, Lanchedgehog,

Djembayz, GWE FFO, Sahimrobot, Chester Markel, Bcd1972, Very trivial, Helpful Pixie Bot, BG19bot, Supasun, Tandrum, Freezozavr,

Interlude65, Rybec, Bijubiju, Monkbot, Definitely not Kraken, Russiaball, ThE~fUtUrE~2014, ThunderLuck, KasparBot and Anonymous:

56

8.2 Images

•   File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Vorkuta.svg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vorkuta.svg

License:  CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors:  Own work Original artist:   Hellerick•   File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Komi_Republic.svg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Coat_of_Arms_of_

the_Komi_Republic.svg License:  Public domain Contributors:  This vector image was created with Inkscape.  Original artist:  A. Neverov

•  File:Flag_of_Komi.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Flag_of_Komi.svg License:  Public domain Con-

tributors:  http://rkomi.ru/left/info/gos_simv/flag/ http://www.vseflagi.ru/komi/flag.html Original artist:  В. Я. Сердитов

•  File:Flag_of_Vorkuta.svg  Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Flag_of_Vorkuta.svg   License:   CC BY-SA

4.0 Contributors:  Own work  Original artist:   Hellerick

•   File:Map_of_Russia_-_Komi_Republic_(2008-03).svg   Source:    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Map_of_

Russia_-_Komi_Republic_%282008-03%29.svg   License:    CC BY-SA 2.5  Contributors:    Made from   Image:Map of Russian subjects,

2008-03-01.svg Original artist:  Marmelad

•   File:Outline_Map_of_Komi_Republic.png   Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Outline_Map_of_Komi_

Republic.png License:  CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors:  This vector image was created with Inkscape.  Original artist:  Nzeemin

•   File:Red_pog.svg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Red_pog.svg License:  Public domain  Contributors:   ?  Original 

artist:  ?

•   File:Vorkuta-kollege.jpg Source:  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Vorkuta-kollege.jpg License:  CCBY 2.5 Con-

tributors:  ?  Original artist:  Anton Obolensky

•   File:Vorkutaugol_free.jpg   Source:   https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Vorkutaugol_free.jpg   License:   Public do-

main Contributors:  Transferred from ru.wikipedia

Original artist:  Игорь Рогов. Original uploader was Igrovit at ru.wikipedia

8.3 Content license

•   Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0