PL SQL Coding

PL / SQL Coding Amirtharaj.KCURSORS

Explicit Cursor Normal - Select

declaredno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;eno emp.empno%type;ename1 emp.ename%type;cursor c1 is select empno,ename from emp where deptno=dno;

beginopen c1;loop

fetch c1 into eno,ename1;exit when c1%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line(eno);dbms_output.put_line(ename1);

end loop;dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);close c1;

end;

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update

declaredno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;eno emp.empno%type;ename1 emp.ename%type;esal emp.sal%type;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;

beginopen c1;loop

fetch c1 into eno,ename1,esal;exit when c1%notfound;

if esal<1200 then update emp set comm=sal*.6 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);

elsif esal>1200 and esal<=1500 then update emp set comm=sal*.4 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);

else update emp set comm=sal*.5 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);

end if; dbms_output.put_line(eno); dbms_output.put_line(ename1);

end loop;commit;dbms_output.put_line(c1%rowcount);

close c1;end;

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update - Cursor for Loop

set server output on;declare

dno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;r1 c1%rowtype;

beginfor r1 in c1loop

if r1.sal<1200 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.06 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);

elsif r1.sal>1200 and r1.sal<=1500 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.04 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);


end if;end loop;

commit;exception

when no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('Nodata');

end;

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PL / SQL Coding Amirtharaj.K

Explicit Cursor Normal -Update - Cursor for Loop - Row Count

declaredno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;r1 c1%rowtype;


exit when c1%rowcount>1

if r1.sal<1200 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.08 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);

elsif r1.sal>1200 and r1.sal<=1500 then update emp set comm=sal*.09 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);


end if;end loop;

commit;exception

when no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('Nodata');

when invalid_number thendbms_output.put_line('Nodata');

end;

Implicit Cursor - sql%rowcount , sql%notfound

declaredno emp.deptno%type:=&Dept_No;esal emp.sal%type:=&Esal;

beginupdate emp set sal=sal+esal where deptno=dno;dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);if sql%notfound then

dbms_output.put_line('No Data');end if;

end;

Cursor – Parameterized

set serveroutput on;declare

a dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;b dept.dname%type;cursor c1(d1 dept.deptno%type) is select dname from dept where deptno=d1;

beginopen c1(a);fetch c1 into b;if c1%notfound then

dbms_output.put_line('No');else

dbms_output.put_line(b);end if;close c1;

end;

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EXCEPTION – ERROR HANDLINGException - Predefined

declarea dept.deptno%type:=&DEPT_NO;b emp.empno%type;

beginselect empno into b from emp where deptno=a;dbms_output.put_line(b);

exceptionwhen no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('No Depts' );

when too_many_rows thendbms_output.put_line('More Employees' );

end;

Exception - when dup_val_on_index and when others

begininsert into dept(deptno,dname,loc) values(&a,'&b','&c');dbms_output.put_line(SQL%rowcount);

exceptionwhen dup_val_on_index thendbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );

when others thendbms_output.put_line('Invalid Depts Insers' );

end;

Exception - User Defined

declarea dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;b dept.dname%type:='&Dept_Name';

c exception;begin

update dept set dname=b where deptno=a;if sql%notfound then

raise c;end if;

exceptionwhen c thendbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be exists' );

when others thendbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be numeric' );

end;

Exception - SQL Code , SQL Errm

begininsert into dept(deptno,dname,loc) values(&a,'&b','&c');dbms_output.put_line(SQL%rowcount);

exceptionwhen dup_val_on_index thendbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );dbms_output.put_line(SQLerrm );dbms_output.put_line(SQLcode);

when others thendbms_output.put_line('Invalid Depts Inserts' );

end;

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PL / SQL Coding Amirtharaj.KException - INIT Pragma - Non - Predefined

declarea dept.deptno%type:=&Deptno;b dept.dname%type:='&Dept_Name';

c exception;PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(c,-23);

beginupdate dept set dname=b where deptno=a;if sql%notfound then

raise c;end if;

exceptionwhen c thendbms_output.put_line('dept no is missing');

when others thendbms_output.put_line(' Depts should be numeric' );

end;

STORED PROCEDURESProcedure - IN

create or replace procedure p1000(a1 in dept.deptno%type,b1 in dept.dname%type,c1 in dept.loc%type) isbegin

insert into dept values(a1,b1,c1);exception

when dup_val_on_index thendbms_output.put_line('Duplicate Depts' );

end;

Procedure - IN OUT - Specification

create or replace procedure p1002(a1 in emp.empno%type,b1 in out emp.sal%type) isc1 number;begin

select sal into b1 from emp where empno=a1;if b1<2000 then

b1:=b1+111;else

b1:=b1-100;end if;

exceptionwhen no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('No Emps' );

end;

Procedure - IN OUT - Body - Implementation

declareb number;a number:=&AA;

beginp1002(a,b);dbms_output.put_line(b);

end;

Procedure - IN - Exception – Raise Application Error

create or replace procedure p1004(a1 in dept.deptno%type,b1 in dept.dname%type) isbegin

update dept set dname=b1 where deptno=a1;dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);if sql%rowcount=0 then

raise_application_error(-20204,'Invalid Updates, Try Again'); end if;

end;

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PL / SQL Coding Amirtharaj.KProcedure - Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor for loop -Update

create or replace procedure p1007(dno1 dept.deptno%type) isdno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;r1 c1%rowtype;


exit when c1%rowcount>1; update emp set comm=sal*.075 where deptno=dno and (sal>2000 and sal<=3000);

end loop;commit;dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);

end;

Procedure Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor Normal -Update

create or replace procedure p1005(dno1 dept.deptno%type) is dno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;eno emp.empno%type;ename1 emp.ename%type;esal emp.sal%type;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;

beginopen c1;loop


if esal<1200 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.1 where deptno=dno and (sal<1200);

elsif esal>1200 and esal<=1500 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.15 where deptno=dno and (sal>1200 and sal<=1500);

elseupdate emp set comm=sal*.2 where deptno=dno and (sal>1500);

end if;

dbms_output.put_line(eno);dbms_output.put_line(ename1);


close c1;dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);

end;

Procedure - Implicit Cursor - Explicit Cursor Normal -Update [ Single Condition ]

create or replace procedure p1006(dno1 dept.deptno%type) is dno emp.deptno%type:=dno1;eno emp.empno%type;ename1 emp.ename%type;esal emp.sal%type;cursor c1 is select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;

beginopen c1;loop


if esal>2000 and esal<=3000 thenupdate emp set comm=sal*.15 where deptno=dno and (sal>2000 and sal<=3000);

end if;dbms_output.put_line(eno);dbms_output.put_line(ename1);


close c1;dbms_output.put_line(sql%rowcount);

end;

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STORED FUNCTION

Function – Normal - Specification

create or replace function f1000(eno number) return number isesal emp.sal%type;

begin select sal into esal from emp where empno=eno; RETURN esal;exception

when no_data_found thenraise_application_error(-20345,'This Employee id not exitst');

end;

Function – Body

declarea number;begina:=f1000(&Empno);dbms_output.put_line(a);

end;PACKAGE

Package - Normal - Package Specification - Procedure

create or replace package pc1000 isprocedure p1100(a1 in number);

end pc1000;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Procedure

create or replace package body pc1000 isprocedure p1100(a1 in number) is

ename1 emp.ename%type;begin

select ename into ename1 from emp where empno=a1;dbms_output.put_line(ename1);

end p1100;end pc1000;

Execute Package / Procedure

exec pc1000.p1100(7900);

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Package - Normal - Package Specification - Function

create or replace package pc1001 isfunction f1100(z1 in number) return number;

end pc1001;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Function

create or replace package body pc1001 isfunction f1100(z1 in number) return number is

esal emp.sal%type;begin

select sal+nvl(comm,0) into esal from emp where empno=z1; return esal;

end f1100;end pc1001;

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PL / SQL Coding Amirtharaj.KExecute Function

declare a1 number;

begin a1:=pc1001.f1100(&empno); dbms_output.put_line(a1);

exception when no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('No Emp');

end;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Package - Normal - Package Specification - Procedure - Function

create or replace package pc1002 isprocedure p1101(a1 in number);function f1101(z1 in number) return number;

end pc1002;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Procedure - Function

create or replace package body pc1002 isprocedure p1101(a1 in number) is ename1 emp.ename%type;

beginselect ename into ename1 from emp where empno=a1;dbms_output.put_line(ename1);

exceptionwhen no_data_found then

dbms_output.put_line('No Emp Nos');end p1101;

function f1101(z1 in number) return number isesal emp.sal%type;

beginselect sal+nvl(comm,0) into esal from emp where empno=z1;return esal;


Execute Package / Procedure

exec pc1002.p1101(7900);

Execute Function

declarea2 number;

begina2:=pc1002.f1101(&empno);dbms_output.put_line(a2);


dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');end;

Execute Package / Function - Procedure

declarea3 number:=&empNo;a2 number;

begina2:=pc1002.f1101(a3);pc1002.p1101(a3);dbms_output.put_line(a2);


dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');end;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Package - Normal - Package Specification - Function

create or replace package pc1003 isfunction f1103(z1 in number) return number;

end pc1003;

Package - Normal - Package Body - Function

create or replace package body pc1003 isfunction f1103(z1 in number) return number isexp1 emp.sal%type;

beginselect (sysdate-hiredate)/365 into exp1 from emp where empno=z1;return exp1;


Execute Package / Function

declarea2 number;

begina2:=pc1003.f1103(&empno);dbms_output.put_line(a2);


dbms_output.put_line('Emp Nos None');end;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Package - Normal - Package Specification - - Function - Cursor

create or replace package pc1004 isfunction f1104 return number;

end pc1004;

Package - Normal - Package Body- - Function - Cursor

create or replace package body pc1004 isfunction f1104 return number iscursor c1 is select (sysdate-hiredate)/365 service from emp ;exp1 emp.sal%type;

beginfor r1 in c1 loop

exp1:=r1.service; exit when c1%notfound;

end loop;return exp1;


Execute Package / Function - Cursor

declarea2 number;

begina2:=pc1004.f1104;dbms_output.put_line(a2);

end;

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Package - Normal - Package Specification - -Procedure - Cursor

create or replace package pc1105 isprocedure p1105;

end pc1105;

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Package - Normal - Package Body- - Procedure - Cursor

create or replace package body pc1105 isprocedure p1105 iscursor c1 is select empno,ename,(sysdate-hiredate)/365 service from emp ;eno1 number;ename1 varchar2(25);exp1 number;

beginopen c1;loop fetch c1 into eno1,ename1,exp1; exit when c1%notfound;

dbms_output.put_line(eno1||' '||ename1||' '||exp1 );end loop;

close c1;end p1105;end pc1105;

Execute Package / Procedure - Cursor

exec pc1105.p1105;

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TRIGGER

Trigger – Replication –Row Level

Create or replace trigger tr01 after delete on dept for each rowBeginInsert into dept01 values (:old.deptno,:old.dname,:old.loc);End;

Trigger -Days – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr02 before update or delete on deptdeclare

d1 varchar(3);begin

d1:=to_char(sysdate,'dy');

if d1 in('mon','tue') then raise_application_error(-20025,'try on another day');

end if;end;

Trigger -Cross Updataion - Row Level

create or replace trigger tr03 after update on dept for each rowbeginupdate emp set sal=sal+777 where deptno=:old.deptno;end;

Trigger - Auditing – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr05 after update on dept50declareu1 varchar2(50);beginselect user into u1 from dual;insert into user50 values(u1,sysdate,'Update');end;

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create or replace trigger tr06 after insert on dept50declareu1 varchar2(50);beginselect user into u1 from dual;insert into user50 values(u1,sysdate,'insert');end;

Trigger - Inserting - Updating - Deleting - CONDITIONAL TRIGGER – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr07 before insert or update or delete on dept50beginif inserting thenraise_application_error(-20001,' You unable to insert ');elsif updating thenraise_application_error(-20002,' You unable to update ');elsif deleting thenraise_application_error(-20003,' You unable to delete ');end if;end;

Trigger -Update Cascade – Row Level

create or replace trigger tr08 after update of deptno on dept50 for each rowbegin update emp50 set deptno=:new.deptno where deptno=:old.deptno;end;

Trigger -Delete Cascade – Row Level

create or replace trigger tr09 before delete on dept50 for each rowbegindelete from emp where deptno=:old.deptno;end;

Trigger –Computation – Statement Level

create or replace trigger tr10 after insert or update or delete on emp50 beginupdate dept50 set totsal=(select sum(sal) from emp50 where emp50.deptno=dept50.deptno);end;

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PL SQL Coding