P.K. Champati ray,

Head, Geosciences &

Geohazards Dept.

IIRS

(Former Head, Geol. Disaster Div., SDMC, New Delhi)

ESCAP-CSSTEAP Programme, 26 Aug 2013

DisasterRemote Sensing and GIS for DRM

Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)

Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)

Disaster Forecasting Organizations(CWC, IMD, …)

Other Sources(Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO)

Satellite Data Programming

And Acquisition

SDA

Satellite Data Programming

And Acquisition

SDA

Data Processing

DPA

ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. ASAR/ALTM/DC etc.

Flight Planning Flight Planning

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC

Defense clearance Defense clearance

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Data • Satellite, Aerial• Coarse - High

Resolution• Optical Microwave

Hardware & software

Hardware & software

Customized Analysis ToolsCustomized

Analysis Tools

Data Analysis

DSC

Outputs

Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.

Dissemination to UsersVSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.

Database, Knowledge Banks

Database, Knowledge Banks

Ground / Ancillary Information

Ground / Ancillary Information

DMS - DSC OperationData Acquisition, Processing, Analysis & Dissemination

ALERTAdvance Info.on Disaster/

Trigger

Source: DSC, NRSC

Pre-Flood

During-Flood

Resourcesat-2 AWiFS data of Sep 26,2011

Resourcesat-1 AWiFS data of Feb 07,2011

Bhadrak

Jajpur

Kendrapada

Bhadrak

Jajpur

Kendrapada

ß Flood Inundation

Monitoring of Floods in Orissa

Source: DSC, NRSC

Odisha Flood, 2011

Source: DSC, NRSC

Source: DSC, NRSC

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12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9

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NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING SYSTEM

Coverage Satellite data analysis

Integration with ground data

Information reporting

Drought assessment

AWiFS

AVHRR

Rainfall deviations Sowing progress

• AWiFS• MODIS 250 mts• MODIS 1 km• AVHRR

Indicators/informationbeing used in drought assessment

• NDVI• NDWI• EVI• AMSR E soil moisture• CPC rainfall forecast• Soil• Rainfall• Sown area• Cropping pattern• Irrigation support

Active Fire Detection

•Generation of daily near-real-time forest fire alerts.

•Value additions in terms of forest admin. boundaries, village locations and road network overlay.

•Dissemination of fire alerts to respective state forest departments by email and web-updates for mitigation activities.

Source: DSC, NRSC

• Liquefaction modelling, NRT

• Tsunami and storm surge modelling, RT-NRT

• Earthquake triggered landslide modelling, NRT

• Causative Fault mapping, PEQ

• Damage assessment, PEQ

J&K

INDIA

Muzaffarabad

Uri

Srinagar

80 Kms

Balakot

Jehlum River

Neelam River

73°31'29"E

73°31'29"E

74°1'29"E

74°1'29"E

33°40'56"N33°40'56"N

34°40'56"N34°40'56"N

73°42'36"E

73°42'36"E

73°44'24"E

73°44'24"E

34°8'24"N 34°8'24"N

34°10'12"N 34°10'12"N

0 - 40

40 - 80

80 - 130

130 -170

170 - 220

-172 - -130

-130 - -80

-80 - -40

-40 - 0

Landslide thickness (m)

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0 1 20.5Km

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Bhuj

Anjar

Rapar

AdhoiLodai

Kavda

DudhaiBachau

MundraMandvi

Chobari

ManfaraAmarsar

Gandhidam

Deshalpar

Kandla port

N

EW

S20 0 20 Kilometers

Liquefaction Probability0.8 - 0.90.7 - 0.80.6 - 0.70.5 - 0.60.4 - 0.50.3 - 0.40.2 - 0.30.1 - 0.20 - 0.1Water

# USGS epicenter# City

Liquefaction Modelling,

Bhuj Earthquake 2001

Landslide Hazard Mitigation• Landslide monitoring using medium and

high resolution satellite data products

• Landslide movement assessment using InSAR

• Predictive modelling for Landslide Hazard Assessment and Landslide Hazard Zonation

• Landslide deterministic modelling and Early Warning

• Seismicity Induced Landslide Modelling

Landslides on IRS LISS-III and PAN merged

data

22 June – 27 July04DInSAR Envisat-ASAR

LHZ using Fuzzy Integration

IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi before landslide

IRS-PAN image of Uttarkashi after landslide

IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi before landslide

IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi after landslide

IRS-LISS-III image of Uttarkashi after landslide, draped on DEM

IRS-PAN image of Varunavat Landslide

Landslide hazard Zonation, Uttarkashi

Varunavat Landslide, Uttarkashi

Landslide Hazard Assessment in Uttarkashi

Four road sectors were taken up in Uttarakhand (Badrinath, Kedarnath, Pithoragarh, and Gangotri for LHZ in collaboration with 11 Govt. agencies including WIHG, DTRL, CBRI, IITR and UPRSAC)

• Automated Weather Stations have been installed in

Alkananda and Bhagirathi valley, two most landslide

prone regions of Uttarakhand.

• Antecedent Precipitation based Threshold has been

modelled based on landslides inventory of 20 years

(Source: BRO)

• Early results are encouraging: rise in threshold

corresponds to landslides observed in 2007, 2009 and

2010 near Badrinath (Lambagarh), Pipalkoti and other

places.

Precipitation Threshold based modelling for Landslide Initiation

Rainfall Threshold for Landslide Occurrence

(Lambagarh)

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Daily Rainfall

Threshold

Google Earth Image (Left) And LISS –IV Image (Right) of the Varunavat Hill, Uttarkashi

ØEvent 1: September 14, 2012, Ukhimath - debris flow triggered by heavy rain & cloudburst caused death of 51 people and large scale damage to the property in & around Ukhimath.

ØEvent 2: September 23, 2003, Varunavat (Uttarkashi) landslide - 3000 people were affected and property worth Rs 50 crores was damaged.

Landslide locations: Draped over Cartosat-1 image

Photograph showing debris flow location

Debris Flow Simulation & Modeling(Case studies from Ukhimath (Sep 2012) & Uttarkashi (Sep 2003) landslide Events)

Flow chart of simulation process

Velocity Profile

Pressure Profile

Location C avg in KPa φavg φ used in RAMMS

Uttarkashi 57.13 25° 25-30°

Ukhimath 2.12 33° 28-35°

Momentum Profile

Flow Height Profile

Frictional parameters : RAMMS input vis-à-vis Lab results

Simulated models and output profiles: Uttarkashi (left) and Ukhimath (right) landslide events

• Numerical modeling is capable of simulating natural events• Output profiles can be used for installation of proper mitigation measures• Best fit Voellmy friction coefficients can be validated and utilized for

prediction of extent of run out zone of future potential flow

Debris flow simulation & Modeling

•For rescue and relief operation, pre-event satellite image maps (Cartosat-1) on 1:10,000 with locations of villages/settlements, landslides, and safe locations were provided to stake holder for Kedarnath to Gaurikund (Uttarakhand Police).

•Maps on 1:10,000 scale with details on landslides, village locations etc. were provided to Indian Army and Air Force with post-event LISS –IV and Cartosat merged data (Kedarnath to Gaurikund).

•3-D fly through were also provided to Air Force for critical areas in Kedarnath sector

• Landslide location maps from Kedarnath to Rudraprayag on 1: 10,000 scale along with pre and post event satellite data have been provided to stake holder (DM, Rudraprayag).

• Currently geological risk assessment is going on for Yamunotri temple based on the request of DM, Uttarkashi and Mining and Geol. Unit of Uttarakhand Govt.

• Additionally, action has been taken to assess the cause, consequence and mitigation of such disasters by taking up studies related to detailed landslide inventory, Geomorphological change detection, flood modelling, damage assessment, debris flow modeling, risk assessment, glacier / snow cover monitoring, glacier lake mapping etc. under in-house R&D and training programmes of IIRS.

Uttarakhand Disaster 2013…IIRS, ISRO response

Post-disaster

Landslide Inventory (Gourikund – Kedernath Sector, UK) Prepared by Interpretation of IRS – P6:LISS VII data of Pre & Post Disaster Event

Area: Lambagarh, close to Badrinath

Rainfall Threshold based Modelling for Landslide

Key points on Landslide Hazards

1.Landslides can compound the effect of lake outburst flood as experienced in Uttarakhand

2.Un controlled development in hilly area can lead to landslide disasters

3.Changing precipitation pattern, extreme weather phenomenon severely affects slope stability.

4.Landslide hazard can be minimised by risk assessment, EWS, flow / fall modelling, early detection and mainstreaming in development planning

Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy

The road ahead…

Short term•Detail Landslide inventory (Characterization of landslides into finer categories -e.g., rock fall, wedge failure, translational & rotational slides)•Assess landside risk (by LHZ and flow modelling) and communicate to stake holders•Early detection of slope movement using space borne geodetic techniques (InSAR & GNSS observation).• Geomorphological / topographical/ land use/ river dynamics change detection• Damage assessment•Updating the inventory of glacial lakes, snow cover mapping and monitoring.

Long term• Facilitate mainstreaming landslide disaster reduction measures in development planning related to road/dam/urban structure construction. •Development of EWS using ground based instrumentations -GPS/AWS/ DWR•Understanding intricate relationship of Climate-Tectonics-Landslides

Risk assessment, modelling, EWS, capacity building and awareness generation holds key in landslide mitigation strategy and IIRS can play a crucial role in these areas in landslide

studies in Himalaya

Landslide Hazard Mitigation: Propose Strategy

International courses since 2001 in collaboration with ITC, University of Twente, The Netherlands, trained 150 persons

Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation with specialization in Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Management (NHDRM)

•Post Graduate Diploma -10 months duration•M. Sc – 18 months duration (3 months in The Netherlands)

1. Environmental hazards

2. Geological hazards 3. Hydro–meteorological hazards

• Land degradation • Erosion• Pest and diseases• Drought• Deforestation • Forest fire hazards• Forest degradation• Pollution

• Earthquake • Landslides• Ground water pollution• Ground subsidence • Mining hazards • Glacier related hazards

• Flood• GLOF, Avalanches • Coastal hazards-

erosion, salt water intrusion

• Tsunami• Storm surge

Thank You

P. K. Champati ray

Champati_ray@iirs.gov.in