Piping Notes

PIPING NOTES

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Piping erection procedure

1- Check revision of isometric & P&ID2- Check P&ID for how many boundaries3- Arrange groups same number of boundaries4- Request piping & pipe support material5- Compare spool vs last rev. isometric6- Report shortage7- Check dimension, weight, location & welding map8- Pipe support erection possibility9- Arrange transportation & lay down place10- Arrange scaffolding11- Arrange all required tools12- Arrange man power13- Arrange crane according to point 414- Start fit up & checks alignment15- Arrange welders & riggers16- Check related test pack17- Consider safety requirements all the time18- Make records for all letters, RFI & NCR19- Make records for all material requests20- Make record for the daily progress21- Make record of welding map22- Check foundation, level & access of erection

PIPING NOTES


Definitions

ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY: MEASURE OF INTERNAL

RESISTANCE (POISE) P OR SLUGS PER FOOT/SEC

ADHESIVE JOINT: JOINT MADE IN PLASTIC (UPVC)

AIR HARDENED STEEL: STEEL THAT HARDENS DURING


COOLING AIR

ALLOY STEEL: STEEL WITH DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES

MINIMUM COMPONENT (SILICON 0.6, COPPER 0.6,

MANGANESE 1.65)

ANCHOR: A RIGID RESTRAINT PROVIDING

SUBSTANTIALLY FULL FIXATION, IDEALLY NOT

ALLOWING TRANSLATIONAL OR ROTATIONAL

DISPLACEMENT OF THE PIPE ALONG ANY OF THE THREE

REFERENCE AXES. IT IS EMPLOYED FOR PURPOSES OF

RESTRAINT BUT USUALLY SERVES EQUALLY WELL AS A

RESTRAINT, SUPPORT, OR BRACE.

ANNEALING: USED TO MAKE STEEL SOFT & DUCTILE BY

HEATING A METAL TO TEMPERATURE ABOVE CRITICAL

TEMPERATURE FOR A PERIOD FOLLOWED BY COOLING

@ SUITABLE RATE ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE

DUCTILITY: MEASURE OF HOW MUCH DEFORMATION

BEFORE BREAK (TENSILE TEST)

TOUGHNESS: THE RESISTANCE TO FAILURE OR CRACK

ARC CUTTING: USE OF AN ELECTRIC ARC GENERATED

AT THE TIP OF A WELDING ELECTRODE TO CUT METAL.

BACKING RING: A RELATIVELY NARROW, CIRCULAR

SECTION PLACED IN BACK OF A BUTTWELDED JOINT

PRIOR TO MAKING THE ROOT PASS OF THE WELD. THIS

IS DONE TO ACHIEVE A FULL-PENETRATION WELD WHEN

THE BACK SIDE OF THE WELD JOINT CANNOT BE

ACCESSED.

BOLT TENSIONER: A MECHANICAL DEVICE USED TO

TIGHTEN BOLTS BY APPLYING A UNIFORM, CALIBRATED

LOAD. IT ATTACHES TO THE END OF THE BOLT,

STRETCHES IT BY APPLYING A LOAD, AND THEN

PERMITS EASY TURNING DOWN OF THE NUT TO HOLD

THE LOAD IN THE BOLT.

BRACE: A DEVICE PRIMARILY INTENDED TO RESIST

PIPING DISPLACEMENT DUE TO THE ACTION OF ANY

FORCES OTHER THAN THOSE DUE TO THERMAL

EXPANSION OR GRAVITY.

CLASS RATE: IS INDICATION FOR PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE RATE FOR THE MATERIALCOLD SPRING: THE INTENTIONAL STRESSING AND

ELASTIC DEFORMATION OF THE PIPING SYSTEM DURING

THE ERECTION CYCLE TO PERMIT THE SYSTEM TO

ATTAIN MORE FAVORABLE REACTIONS AND STRESSES

IN THE OPERATING CONDITION.

CONSTANT-EFFORT SUPPORT: A SUPPORT WHICH IS

CAPABLE OF APPLYING A RELATIVELY CONSTANT

FORCE AT ANY DISPLACEMENT WITHIN ITS USEFUL

OPERATING RANGE (I.E., A COUNTERWEIGHT OR

COMPENSATING SPRING DEVICE).

DAMPING DEVICE: A DASHPOT OR OTHER FRICTIONAL

DEVICE WHICH INCREASES THE RESISTANCE OF A

SYSTEM TO VIBRATION. IT OFFERS HIGH RESISTANCE

AGAINST RAPID DISPLACEMENTS CAUSED BY DYNAMIC

LOADS, WHILE PERMITTING ESSENTIALLY FREE

MOVEMENT UNDER GRADUALLY APPLIED

DISPLACEMENT SUCH AS FROM THERMAL EXPANSION.

DUAL RATING: USED IF THE PIPE AFFECTED BY HIGH & LOW PRESSURE MAY BE INTERNAL & EXTERNALEXPANSION JOINT: A FLEXIBLE PRESSURE-CONTAINING

COMPONENT OF A PIPING SYSTEM WHICH IS DESIGNED

TO ABSORB THERMAL MOVEMENT.

FIELD RUN: WELDING PIPE TO PIPE OF SAME SIZE WITHOUT FITTINGGUIDE: A DEVICE PREVENTING ROTATION ABOUT ONE

OR MORE AXES DUE TO BENDING MOMENT OR TORSION.

IN COMMON USAGE, A GUIDE NORMALLY PERMITS

TRANSLATION ALONG THE PIPE AXIS BUT PREVENTS

TRANSLATION PERPENDICULAR TO THE PIPE AXIS.

HANGER: A SUPPORT BY WHICH PIPING IS SUSPENDED

FROM A STRUCTURE OR OTHER FIXED POINT LOCATED

ABOVE IT, AND WHICH FUNCTIONS BY CARRYING THE

PIPING LOAD IN TENSION.

HARDENING: USED TO MAKE STEEL HARDERHARDNESS: IS THE RESISTANCE TO SCRATCH OR PERMANENT DEFORMATIONLIMIT STOP: A DEVICE WHICH RESTRICTS

TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT TO A LIMITED AMOUNT IN

ONE DIRECTION ALONG ANY SINGLE AXIS. PARALLELING

THE VARIOUS STOPS, THERE MAY ALSO BE: DOUBLE-

ACTING LIMIT STOPS, TWO-AXIS LIMIT STOPS, ETC.

NORMALIZING: USED TO MAKE STEEL TOUGHER & STRONGERPIPE: IS A TUBE WITH A ROUND CROSS SECTION

CONFORMING TO THE DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS

FOR NOMINAL PIPE SIZE AS TABULATED IN ASME

B36.10M, TABLE 1, AND ASME B36.19M, TABLE 1. FOR

SPECIAL PIPE HAVING A DIAMETER NOT LISTED IN

THESE TABLES, AND ALSO FOR ROUND TUBE, THE

NOMINAL DIAMETER CORRESPONDS WITH THE OUTSIDE

DIAMETER

PIPE JOINT: THIS WORD HAS TWO MEANINGS

DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT.

(A) THE INTERFACE BETWEEN TWO COMPONENTS, SUCH

AS AT A WELD,FLANGE, OR THREADS.

(B) IN PIPELINE APPLICATIONS, A SINGLE SECTION OF

STRAIGHT PIPE BEFORE BEING WELDED INTO A LONGER

SECTION.

PRE-HEATING: USED TO CONTROL THE FORMATION OF

H2 CRACKSRADIOGRAPHY: THE USE OF RADIANT ENERGY IN THE

FORM OF NEUTRONS, X-RAYS OR GAMMA RAYS FOR

THE NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF OPAQUE

OBJECTS. IT PRODUCES GRAPHICAL RECORDS ON

SENSITIZED FILMS WHICH INDICATE THE COMPARATIVE

SOUNDNESS OF THE OBJECT BEING TESTED.

RESILIENT OR FLEXIBLE SUPPORT: A SUPPORT WHICH

INCLUDES ONE OR MORE LARGELY ELASTIC MEMBERS

(I.E., A SPRING).

RESTING OR SLIDING SUPPORT: A DEVICE FOR

PROVIDING SUPPORT FROM BENEATH THE PIPING, BUT

OFFERING NO RESISTANCE OTHER THAN FRICTIONAL

TO HORIZONTAL MOTION.

RESTRAINT: ANY DEVICE WHICH PREVENTS, RESISTS,

OR LIMITS THE FREE THERMAL MOVEMENT OF PIPING.

RIGID (SOLID) SUPPORT: A SUPPORT PROVIDING

STIFFNESS IN AT LEAST ONE DIRECTION THAT IS

COMPARABLE TO THAT OF THE PIPE.

ROOT PASS: THE FIRST WELD BEAD MADE.

SLAG: A NONMETALLIC BLANKET THAT FORMS ON THE

TOP OF THE MOLTEN WELD METAL. IT HELPS TO

CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE, THE COOLING RATE, AND

ASSISTS IN PREVENTING AND REMOVING IMPURITIES

FROM THE WELD METAL.

STOP: A DEVICE WHICH PERMITS ROTATION BUT

PREVENTS TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT IN AT LEAST

ONE DIRECTION ALONG ANY DESIRED AXIS. IF

TRANSLATION IS PREVENTED IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

ALONG THE SAME AXIS, THE TERM "DOUBLING-ACTING

STOP" IS PREFERABLY APPLIED. IN COMMON USAGE, A

STOP NORMALLY ACTS ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE

PIPE AXIS.

SUPPORT: A DEVICE USED TO SUSTAIN A PORTION OF

PIPING SYSTEM WEIGHT PLUS ANY SUPERIMPOSED

VERTICAL LOADINGS.

SOCKET-WELD: A PIPE ATTACHMENT DETAIL IN WHICH A

PIPE IS INSERTED INTO A RECESSED AREA OF A

FITTING, AND THEN FILLET WELDED BETWEEN ITS

OUTSIDE DIAMETER AND THE FITTING END.

SPIRAL-WOUND GASKET: A GASKET TYPE FORMED BY

ALTERNATELY WINDING STRIPS OF METAL AND SOFT

FILLER MATERIAL AROUND A MANDREL

STEEL RELIEVING (PWHT): POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT USED TO RELIVE THE TRAPPED ELASTIC STRESSSTRENGTH: MEASURE OF RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION, STRENGTH IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO TOUGHNESSTWO-AXIS STOP: A DEVICE WHICH PREVENTS

TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT IN ONE DIRECTION ALONG

EACH OF TWO AXES. A "TWO-AXIS DOUBLE-ACTING

STOP" PREVENTS TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT IN THE

PLANE OF THE AXES WHILE ALLOWING SUCH

MOVEMENT NORMAL TO THE PLANE.

TEMPERING: USED TO REBALANCE THE PROPERTIES OF THERMALLY HARDENED STEELUNION: A PIPE CONNECTOR THAT IS MADE OF TWO

MATING PIECES, ONE FOR EACH END OF THE TWO PIPES

BEING JOINED. THE TWO HALVES OF THE UNION ARE

HELD TOGETHER BY A THREADED RING.

UNIQUE RATING: SPECIFIC RATE FOR FLANGES WHICH EXCEED CLASS 2500 ASME B16.5WATER QUENCHING: RAPID REDUCTION OF METAL

TEMPERATURE AFTER A HOT FORMING PROCESS BY

USING WATER.

WELD: A LOCALIZED UNION OF METAL ACHIEVED IN

PLASTIC AND MOLTEN STATES, WITH OR WITHOUT THE

ADDITION OF FILLER METAL OR APPLICATION OF

PRESSURE.

WRINKLE: A DEVIATION OF THE PIPEWALL FROM THE

IDEAL CONTOUR OF MORE THAN 15% OF THE NOMINAL

WALL THICKNESS PERPENDICULAR TO THE SURFACE.

YIELD STRENGTH: MINIMUM STRESS WHICH PRODUCE PERMANENT PLASTIC DEFORMATION

PIPING NOTES



Abbreviation

AASHTO: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSACI: AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTEAGMA: AMERICAN GEAR MANUFATURERS ASSOCIATIONAISC: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONANSI: AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ADDRESS : AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, INC., 11 WEST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036)API: AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (ADDRESS : 2101 L ST. N.W., WASHINGTON D.C. 20037)ASHRAE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING ENGINEERSASHVE: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING AND VENTILLATING ENGINEERSASME: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS (ADDRESS : 345 EAST 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017)ASTM: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TESTING MATERIALS (ADDRESS : 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428)ASNT: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (ADDRESS : 4153 ARLINGTON PLAZA, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518)AWS: AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (ADDRESS : 550 LEJEUNE RD., P.O. BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135)AWWA: AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATIONBCC: BODY CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTURECIF: MEANS COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT. THAT MEANS SHIPPER/TRADER HAS TO PAY THE COST OF SHIPMENT UP TO THE SHIP, INSURANCE COST OF CARGO AND FREIGHT COST UP TO DESTINATION PORT

CTI: COOLING TOWER INSTITUTEDEMA: DIESEL ENGINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONDN: DIAMERTER NOMINAL (METRIC SYS.) , DN=25*NPSDB: DRY BULBEFW: ELECTRIC FUSION WELDED EPA: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYERW: ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED FCC: FACE CENTERED CUBIC STRUCTUREFOB: STANDS FOR FREE ON BOARD WHICH MEANS SHIPPER/TRADER PAYS ONLY COSTS UP TO THE SHIP AND INSURANCE COST, BUT FREIGHT CHARGES ARE PAY BY THE BUYER/CONSIGNEEF&D: FLANGED AND DISH HEADHCP: HEXAGONAL CLOSE PACKED STRUCTUREHEI: HEAT EXCHANGER INSTITUTESHVAC: HEATING, VENTILATING & AIR CONDITIONICBO: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF BUILDING OFFICIALSICEA: INSULATED POWER CABLE ENGINEER'S ASSOCIATIONIEEE: INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERSIES: ILLUMINATING ENGINEERS SOCIETYIPS: IRON PIPE SIZE, INDICATE INTERNAL PIPE DIAMETER IN INCH (EX:IPS6)ISA: INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICAISO: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION (ADDRESS : ISO CENTRAL SECRETARIAT, CASE POSTALE 56, CH-1211 GENEVA 20, SWITZERLAND/SUISSE)MSS: MANUFACTURER'S STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVES & FITTINGS INDUSTRY (ADDRESS : 1815 N. FORT MYER DRIVE, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 & 127 PARK ST., NORTHEAST, VIENNA, VA 22180)MAWP: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSUREMPW: Male Pipe WeldNEC: NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODENEMA: NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONNIST: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGYNPS: NOMINAL PIPE SIZE, INDICATE INSIDE DIAMETER FOR SIZES LESS THAN 14" & INDICATE OUTSIDE DIAMETER FOR SIZES EQUAL OR MORE THAN 14"OIA: OIL INSURANCE ASSOCIATIONOSHA: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATIONPN: PRESSION NOMINAL EQUIVALENT OF PRESSURE NOMINAL FOLLOWED BY NUMBER OF BARSPWHT: POST WELD HEAT TREATMENTPSI: POUND PER SQUARE INCHRMS: MEANS ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE OF THE ROUGHNESS, THE MEASUREMENT IS ALWAYS IN MICROINCHESSAMA: SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS MAKERS ASSOCIATIONSBR: STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER.

SDR: STANDARD DIMENSION RATIO RELATES THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER (OD) OF THE DUCT TO ITS WALL THICKNESS (T), SO SDR = OD / TSJI: STEEL JOINT INSTITUTESMLS: SEAMLESS PIPE IS FORMED BY DRAWING A SOLID BILLET

OVER A PIERCING ROD TO CREATE THE HOLLOW SHELLSSPC: STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTNG COUNCIL (ADDRESS : 4400 5TH AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-2683)TEMA: TUBULAR EXCHANGERS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATIONUBC: UNIFORM BUILDING CODEUL: UNDERWRITERS LABORATORY

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Piping Notes