PIN Diode - Copy

8/3/2019 PIN Diode - Copy

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ASEMINAR PRESENTATION

ONPIN DIODE

BY

SHWETA BHARTIBRANCH-EC(3rd sem)

ROLL-0223EC101067ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONSAIT JABALPUR

SEMINAR GUIDE -RAHULKHUSHBU AHIRVAR

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Introduction Conventional p-n junction diodes. P-i-n diode: Rescue Rangers Working

Type of p-i-n diodes About PIN diode Operation of PIN diode Characteristics of PIN diode Application of PIN diode

PIN diode limiters Reference

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1. Device to convert optical energy to electrical

energy

Photo detectors: optical to electrical signal

Solar cells : heat energy to electrical power

2. Photo detectors:

PN junction diode

P-i-n diode

APD diode

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Used for longer wavelengths

Types of p-i-n diode

Front illuminated p-i-n diode

I. 0.8-0.9um(wavelength)II. 20um-50um(width)

Side illuminated p-i-n diode

I. >1.09um(wavelength)

II. 500um (width)

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1) The figure below

shows a horizontal

PIN diode, sometimes

called H-PIN. Here theP and N layers are

formed on top of the I

layer.

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A PIN diode is made up of three semiconductormaterials: two heavily doped P-and one N-typematerial separated by an intrinsic (intrinsic

means semiconductor in an extremely pureform)

A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, lightlydoped 'near' intrinsic semiconductor regionbetween a p-type semiconductor and an n-typesemiconductor region. The p-type and n-typeregions are typically heavily doped becausethey are used for ohmic contacts.

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A PIN diode operates under what is known as high-levelinjection. In other words, the intrinsic "i" region is flooded

with charge carriers from the "p" and "n" regions. Itsfunction can be likened to filling up a water bucket with ahole on the side.

Once the water reaches the hole's level it will begin topour out. Similarly, the diode will conduct current oncethe flooded electrons and holes reach an equilibriumpoint, where the number of electrons is equal to thenumber of holes in the intrinsic region.

When the diode is forward biased, the injected carrierconcentration is typically several orders of magnitudehigher than the intrinsic level carrier concentration

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A PIN diode obeys the standard diode equation for

low frequency signals. At higher frequencies, the

diode looks like an almost perfect (very linear, even

for large signals) resistor. There is a lot of storedcharge in the intrinsic region. At low frequencies,

the charge can be removed and the diode turns off.

At higher frequencies, there is not enough time to

remove the charge, so the diode never turns off. ThePIN diode has a poor reverse recovery time.

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As a d.c. controlled microwave switch operated

by rapid charges in bias or a modulating

device. This application takes advantage of the

variable forward-resistance characteristic.In attenuator application because its resistance

can be controlled by the current.

As an AM modulator of very high frequency

signals.

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Some PIN diode limiters are passive, meaning that

the PIN diode creates the nonlinear response by

itself. An "active limiter" adds a detector circuit that

applies DC current to the PIN diode to turn it onharder, at lower power. The detector uses a Schottky

diode. A switched limiter uses a DC control signal to

turn on the PIN diode.

PIN diodes can also be used to create limiters (atype of nonlinear device), usually as one or more

shunt elements across a transmission line.

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PIN diode are little known but are

nonetheless very useful.

PIN diode makes a substitute, thatavoids the problems associated

with routing signal around

switching circuit.

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WWW.Goggle.com

WWW.espare.com

http\: e PIN diode world .org\ in

WWW. You tube .com

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PIN Diode - Copy