Pill Camera Mahesh

8/3/2019 Pill Camera Mahesh

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A SEMINARONPILLCAMERA

Presented by:Mahesh pIT 7


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OVER VIEW

o INTRODUCTION

o HISTORY

o ENDOSCOPY

o EXAMINATION SETo INSIDE THE CAPSULE

o PROCEDURE

o USES

o ADVANTAGES

o DISADVANTAGES

o FUTURE INNOVATIONS

o

CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION

Patients can now swallow pill-sized, disposablecameras

This new esophageal capsule endoscope is asmooth plastic capsule about the size of a large

vitamin pill that has tiny video cameras at each end. The pill takes about 2,600 color pictures, which are

transmitted to a recording device worn by thepatient.

The disposable capsule is passed naturally, usuallywithin 24 hours.


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HISTORY

The technology available to doctors has evolveddramatically over the past 40 years.

Basic endoscopy was introduced in the late 1960s,and about 20 years later, ultrasound was added,

enabling us to look at internal GI structures asnever before.

In 1981,an Israeli physician,Dr.Gavial Idem, begandevelopment of video camera that would fit inside apill.

Technology was not ready and idea was put onhold. In 2001,the US.FDA approved the givendiagnostic imaging system.


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ENDOSCOPY

The word is derivedform Greek Endo

meaning Inside and

Scopy meaning See.

Using an instrument tovisually examine theinterior of a holloworgan or cavity.


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METHODSOF ENDOSCOPY

Gastrointestinalendoscopy

Gastroscopy Colonoscopy

MAIN METHOD

OTHER METHODS

X-Rays CT Scans

MRI

Surgery


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SOLUTIONTHE CAPSULE

CAMERA

Capsule camera can easily diagnose thesmall intestine disorders.

The capsule containing camera used forendoscopy.

It is the noninvasive type device knowncapsule endoscopy developed by Israelsfor the diagnostic purpose.

A small capsule which is not a medication,

but rather a single use video color-imagingcapsule that hold a microscopic cameragives doctors with better picture of thesmall bowel than standard X-rays.


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EXAMINATION SET

Capsule

Sensor Array.

Data Recorder

Belt

RAPID Workstation


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CAPSULE FEATURES

Size :2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm wide

Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm

Weight : 4 gm

Frame Rate : 2 images/second Magnification : 8x

Capsule coating : non-adherent

Power Source : Battery.

50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour exam

Disposable.


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INSIDE A CAPSULE CAMERA

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FUNCTIONS

Optical Dome: Allows tissue to be in focuseven if they are to be in contact.

Lens: Used to increase the Depth of thefield.

CMOS Image Sensor: Detects the images.

White LEDs: To illuminate the area aroundthe capsule.

Batteries: Power the capsule.

ASIC Transmitter: Allows the integration ofvideo transmitter of sufficient Power output ,Efficiency, bandwidth of small size intocapsule.


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SENSOR ARRAY

Several Wires areattached to the abdomenlike ECG leads to obtainimages by radio

frequency.

These wires areconnected to alightweight data recorder

worn on a belt. Used to calculate and

indicate the position ofcapsule in the body.


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DATA RECORDER

Data recorder receives andrecords signals transmitted bythe camera to an array ofsensor placed on the patients

body.

It is of the size of walkman

It recieves and stores 50000 to60000 JPEG images on a 9

GB hard drive

Images take several hours todownload through serialconnection.


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BELT

A patient wear areceiver belt around hisor her waist overclothing

A belt is applied aroundthe waist and holds arecording device and abattery pack


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RAPID WORKSTATION

Reporting and Processingof Images and Data

Image data from the datarecorder is downloaded to acomputer equipped withsoftware called RAPIDApplication software.

Helps to convert images

into a movie and allows thedoctor to view the color 3Dimages.


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MOVEMENT OF CAPSULE


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PROCEDURE

Sensors placed on patient

Patient wears a belt that contains a battery packand data recorder.

Patient ingests capsule around 8am

Patient may have clears two hours after ingestion The patient goes about his or her daily routine

while the capsule passes painlessly through theGI tract.

Patient returns 7-8 hours later

After Downloading images,doctor can view the3D images and diagnose the problem

Capsule Exerts in a normal way,so it isdisposable


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USES

Earliest Cancer Detection

Views the Entire GI Tract

Capsule Endoscopy helps the doctor to determinethe cause for:~

Recurrent abdominal pain

Diarrhea Bleeding

Anemia


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ADVANTAGES

o Painless, no side affects or complication.

o Miniature size, so can move easily through thedigestive system.

o Accurate, precise & low power consumption.o Image taken are of very high quality which are sent

almost instantaneous to the recorder for storage.

o Made of bio compatible material, doesnt cause any

harm to the body.


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DISADVANTAGE

Gastrointestinal obstructions and swallowingdisorder prevent free flow of capsule through thedigestive system.

Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women and allpediatrics have to be monitored continuosly whiletaking the capsule.

The procedure is not a replacement forColonoscopy.

Very expensive.

It is not reusable.


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FUTURE INNOVATIONS Scientists hope a future version of the camera pill

will repair gut problems as well as spot them!

The scientific community at the University ofWashington is currently developing a pill-sizedcamera which would travel through the bodylooking for signs of disease.

The researchers are negotiating a contract tocommercialize the technology. They hope to notonly take pictures, but also deliver treatmentsthrough the device in future.


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CONTINUES In future the next big challenge is to make this

cheaply.

In the future it hope to not only take pictures, butalso deliver treatments through the device, and toapply it to other diseases.


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CONCLUSION

The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneeringconcept for Medical Technology of the 21st century.

The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be

able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entiresmall intestine.

It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imagingto a great extent and has proved to be of great help

to physicians all over the world.


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DISCUSSION

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