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PIGS,SOY&LABOUR
byPeppeMastruzzo
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST20181
theethosofhomooeconomicuseconomicactivityisseparatefrommoralvaluesindividualsnaturallyandrationallyseektomaximizeprofitthisjungleattitude&maximizingbehavioureventuallyincreasesthewelfareofthecommunity
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 2
labour,values,communities&unfinished commodities
artisanalfoodisan“unfinishedcommodity”asdefinedbyHeatherPaxson,ProfessoratMIT,inherbook TheLifeofCheese:CraftingFoodandValueinAmerica
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 3
fromChinatotheAmazons• 800millionpigsslaughteredyearly
• 8millionhectaresofsoymonoculture
• 80milliontonsofAmazonsoytoproduceChinesepork
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 4
thelocustcorporation• financialpowersjumptofollowsoyandpigs
• in2008,GoldmanSachsdivertsassetsfromderivativestofoodchains,buying25%ofShuanghui,whichin2013buysSmithfieldFoods,theworldlargestpigandporkproducer
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 5
overshootday• EarthOvershootDaymarksthedateintheyearwhenwehaveusedmoreresourcesfromnaturethanecosystemscanregenerate
• thisyearweareusing1.7Earths;throughoverfishing,overharvesting,andpollutingmorethanEarthcanabsorb,in2018EarthOvershootDaycameonAugust1st
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 6
financeandhunger
• in2008,thepriceofall25mainrawmaterialsincreasedatthesametime;whileusuallysomepricesriseandothersfall,thisincreaseinunisonisuniqueinhistory
• noparticularnaturaleventtookplacein2008:nofloodsordroughtsthattriggeredthatincreaseinthepriceofriceorwheat
• thecausewasthehugemassofcapitalfleeingfromthesubprimemortgagecollapse
7VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
todayfinanceisanendinitself
• theroleoffinanceasservingtheeconomyislost,andfinancetodaymeansmakingmoneyoutofmoneyquickly
• hencethegigantismoffinancialmarkets:in1990WallStreetwasasbigas35% ofUSGDP;beforethecrisisin2006itexceeded350%
• i.e.:thereisahypertrophicmassofpurelyspeculativetransactionswhoseexpectedprofitslargelyexceedrealproductionprofits
8VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
casino-finance&catastrophe
instabilityistheessenceofcasinofinance,notjustasideeffect:speculatorsbuyjusttomakepricesgoupandthensellatahigherprice– thegreaterandquickertheincrease,themoretheywillgain;thegreaterthedisaster,themorelucrativethegame
9VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
hunger!
sincetherearenorulesonspeculatingagainstfoodprices(andhunger!)thefoodmarket,naturallysubjecttopricefluctuations,becomesanidealhuntingground
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 10
theWallStreetbull
• financialspeculationhasdisastrouseffectsontheworldwideproductionofagro-goods
• arationalandfairproductionoffoodisageneralconcerntobeprotectedbyinternationallawagainstprivatetransnationalinterests
11VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
thelittlebull(torèt)
today:844millionlackproperaccesstodrinkingwater(WHO&UNICEF,ProgressonDrinkingWater,Sanitation andHygiene– 2017UpdateandSDGBaselines)
815millionarechronicallyundernourished(FAO,IFAD,UNICEF,WFPandWHO,TheStateofFoodInsecurityandNutritionintheWorld.Building resilienceforpeaceandfoodsecurity,2017)
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 12
theVillarceaux bull
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 13
food,theEarth&humanlabour
• foodispartofacomplexbalancebetweenagriculture,environment,healthandculture
• onthecontrary,marketsregardfoodasamereproduct(foodasaprivategoodmakeshungerstilltriumphinaworldoflavishness)
14VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
WHYISIT?
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 15
theethosofthecommons
• the“commons”arespaces,servicesandgoodsfunctionaltotheprotectionbothofbasicindividualrightsandvitalpublicinterests
• theyarecrucialforthefreedevelopmentoftheindividualasahumanbeing
16VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
whathistoryactuallyshows
• moreequalsocietiesaremoreprosperous–i.e.societieswithafairdistributionofwealthworkbetternotonlysociallybutalsoeconomically
• theycannotdowithoutthecommons,i.e.goodsandservicesfunctionaltotheprotectionbothofsocialequityandofindividualrights
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST201817
globalcommons
• somecommonsgobeyondalocalperspectivetoreachaglobaldimension:
• naturalcommonssuchasgreatwaterreserves,acleanenvironment,climatestability,biodiversity,andtheozoneshield
• human-madecommonsliketransnationalinfrastructures(theinternet)
• globalpolicyobjectiveslikepeace,security,sustainability,monetaryandfinancialstability
18VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
Pacha Mama:acommonworldglobalcommonsareessentialforafairand“regenerative”world;theysatisfytheneedofthepresentgenerationwithoutforeclosingoptionsforthefutureones;yet,theyareunderprovidedduetothelackofnationalandinternationalregulation
19VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
aworldofcommons
• greatmigrationsofcapital,goodsandpeoplechallengethedistinctionbetweennationalandinternationalissues
• issueslikelabour exploitation,inequality,foodscarcity,andclimatechangeenlargebeyondstatebordersthedutiesofnations,makingthemtransnational
• globalcommonsshouldbeenjoyedinaninclusiveandnon-rivalway,whiletheirsituationiscriticalfordepletion&lackoflegalsafeguards
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 20
foodasahumanright
foodisabasichumanrightcrucialforpeaceandsecurity,humanitarianassistance,innovativesourcesoffinancingfordevelopment,monetaryandfinancialstabilityUN(2003),MonterreyConsensusonFinancingforDevelopment,FinaltextUN(2008),DohaDeclarationonFinancingforDevelopment
21VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
labour asahumanright
everyonehastherighttowork,tofree choice ofemployment,tojustandfavorableconditionsofworkandtoprotectionagainstunemploymenteveryonewhoworkshastherighttojustandfavorable remuneration ensuringforhimselfandhisfamilyanexistenceworthyofhuman dignity,andsupplemented,ifnecessary,byothermeansof socialprotectionUnitedNations(1948),TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,art.23
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 22
foodasglobalknowledge
foodproducesvariousutilitiesbothasaculturalgoodandasamaterialgoodgeneratedby(agri)culturaltechniquesasharedknowledgeaboutfoodproductionandpreparationthatguaranteestheecologicalcycleoflifeisaglobalcommons
23VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
thecityasacommons• citizenscollectivelyproducedifferentkindsofvaluesandcandecidewhichofthemwillremaincommonsandwhichwillbeturnintoacommodity,e.g.language,ideas,art,products.
• canwemakefoodintoacommonsresource?
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 24
Francis,food&labour
“Thereisagreatvarietyofsmall-scalefoodproductionsystemswhichfeedthegreaterpartoftheworld’speoples,usingamodestamountoflandandproducinglesswaste.Economiesofscaleendupforcingsmallholderstoselltheirlandortoabandontheirtraditionalcrops.”(Laudato Si’,129)
25VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
alocalfuture
• localdietscanbeabasisforaregenerativepolicyonagricultureandfood
• theyprotectlocalproductsandlabour• theypromotetheknowledgeofthelocalenvironmentandthecultureoftheterritory,andprovidethebasisfortheircollectiveprotection
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 26
thecurrentcrisis
• therevivalofalmostforgottenfoodtraditionscanconfrontthestandardizationoffoodproductioncausedbysupermarketdistribution
• thecrisisclearlyshowshowworldwidefoodchainsaredistortedbyfinancialspeculation,revealingthecatastrophethatcasinofinancecanbefortheregenerationoflifeonthisplanet
27VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
TerraMadre“Atechnologicalandeconomicdevelopmentwhichdoesnotleaveinitswakeabetterworldandanintegrallyhigherqualityoflifecannotbeconsideredprogress.Frequently,infact,people’squalityoflifeactuallydiminishes– bythedeteriorationoftheenvironment,thelowqualityoffoodorthedepletionofresources– inthemidstofeconomicgrowth,andtalkofsustainablegrowthusuallybecomesawayofdistractingattentionandofferingexcuses,absorbingthelanguageandvaluesofecologyintothecategoriesoffinanceandtechnocracy.”(Laudato Si’,194)
28VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
foraregenerativeworldathickideologicalapparatustodayproclaimsitsfaithintechnologicalinnovationasaconditionsufficientforsurvival
buttherewillbenofuturewithoutaradicalethicalshifttoadifferentlabour marketandarenewed“glocal”foodchain
29VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018
VILLARCEAUX– AUGUST2018 30
thankyou!!!