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© 2017
From Technologies to Market
MicroLED Displays:
Global Trends & Opportunities for Equipment and
Material Suppliers
From Technologies to MarketPicture: Sony
SEMICON EUROPA
Jean-Christophe ELOY - CEO -Yole Développement
2
AGENDA
• Presentation of Yole Développement - FromTechnologies to Market
• What Are MicroLED Displays?
• MicroLED Challenges
• MicroLED Competitive Landscape
• MicroLED Applications
• Opportunities for Equipment and Material Suppliers
• Conclusion
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
3
Presentation of Yole Développement
From Technologies to Market
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
4
A GROUP OF COMPANIES
Market, technology
and strategy
consulting
www.yole.fr
Manufacturing costs analysis
Teardown and reverse engineering
Cost simulation toolswww.systemplus.fr
IP analysis
Patent assessmentwww.knowmade.fr
Innovation & Business maker
www.bmorpho.com
M&A operations
Due diligenceswww.yolefinance.com
Test & Measurement
Expertise
Research & Innovationwww.piseo.fr
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
5
DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: RECENT REPORTS
Off the shelf reports and
custom analysis.
Available:
Visit: www.i-micronews.com©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: COST MODELING, TEAR DOWN ANALYSIS AND REVERSE COSTING
Cost Simulation
Tools
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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What Are MicroLEDDisplays?
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
8
LCD VS EMISSIVE DISPLAYS
LCD
Illustrations: Ignis Technology
Emissive
(e.g: OLED)
Encapsulation
LCD
Light is generated by an LED
backlight and goes through a
matrix of liquid crystal “light
switches” and colour filters
constituting the individual
subpixel.
Emissive
Each sub-pixel is a tiny light
emitter which brightness can
be individually controlled
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
(transistor matrix)
9
WHAT IS A MicroLED DISPLAY?
Self emitting displays (just like OLED) that use individual, small LED chips as the emitters.
Red, Green, Blue LED
Epiwafers
Chip singulationSorting and Pick and place + hybridization/connection to the transistor matrix that
controls individual pixels
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
10
POTENTIAL MICROLED BENEFITS
• Low power consumption.
• Perfect black + high brightness =
High Dynamic Range (contrast).
• Wide color gamut.
• Long lifetime, environmental stability.
• High Resolution/Pixel density.
• Fast refresh rates.
• Wide viewing angles.
• Curved/flexible backplanes.
• Integration of sensors within the
display front-plane.
Smartwatches
and wearables
Virtual reality
Large video
displays
TV
Smartphones
Laptops and
convertibles
Automotive
HUD
Augmented/Mixed
Reality
Sony
LG
Samsung
HP
BMW
Microsoft
Oculus
Apple
Tablets
Acer
MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012)
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
11
SO, THIS IS IT?
Do we have
the best
display
technology
ever?
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
13
MICROLED DISPLAY MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES
LED µDisplays
LED Technology
(epitaxy, chips)
Massively Parallel and
High Accuracy Pick and Place Technologies
Light extraction and beam shaping
Color Conversion
Backplane hybridization
Defect Management
& Testing
Supply Chain
Multiple challenges need to be tackled to enable the µLED display opportunity
While very promising in terms of performance, there are still multiple manufacturing challenges
that need to be addressed to enable cost effective, high volume manufacturing of µLED Displays.
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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MICROLED DISPLAY ASSEMBLY
4K Display (TV, smartphone…): 24.9 million µLED chips
• Traditional pick and place equipment~ 1000 hours 41 days…
• Small chip handling (<10 µm)?
• Accuracy?
Need for
technologies to
handle 1000’s chips
simultaneously!
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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DEFECT MANAGEMENT
99.9% 99.9% 20 ppm
99.99% 99.99% 2 ppm
99.999% 99.999% 0.2 ppm
Combined
Defect Rate
(in ppm)
µLED Yield Transfer Yield
Epitaxy + chip
manufacturing:
dead or dim µLED
pixel.
Die not properly
picked or placed, or
faulty connection to
the TFT:
missing, dead, or
“always-on” pixels.
=X
Most high-end displays are guarantied zero defects
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
16
SUPPLY CHAIN
LED Makers
•LED epitaxy.
•Small diameter wafers 4” to 6”
•Cleanroom class 10,000 at
best
•Produce components / chips
•Fab CapEx <$500MMass transfer, assembly, test
technologies
•No commercially available equipment.
•No supply chain.
Not established yet!
Large scale µLED displays manufacturing?
Bringing together disparate technologies and industries.
Cultural and technology
chasm
Display Makers
•TFT backplanes + LCD/OLED
frontplanes
•Large substrates (1 to 10 m2)
•Clean room class 100 -1000
•Semi-finished products (panels)
•Typical fab CapEx for large
players: $5 to $10 Billions.
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
17
Competitive Landscape
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
18
MICROLED PLAYERS - A LOT OF SMART PEOPLE WORKING ON IT
Increasing activity from all types of companies: display makers, LED makers, semiconductor companies, start ups…
38 8 6 6
14 13 11 1015
31 32
5664
105
87
37
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Nu
mb
er
of
ap
plicati
on
s
Year of application
Patents
Patent families
Granted patents
Patent activity in the field of MicroLED1,570+ patents (500+ patent families*), including 680+ granted patents and 690+ pending patent applications
Note: Due to the
delay between the
filing of patents and
the publications by
patent offices,
usually 18 months,
the data
corresponding to
the year 2015 and
2016 may not be
complete since
most patents filed
during these years
are not published
yet.
Extension of
priority patents
Innovation
triggers
First wave
of patent extensions
The second wave of patent filings combined to an increase of patent
extensions worldwide is an indication of the technology
maturity
CREE
US6410942 (granted)
Arrays of interconnected LEDs
with individual sizes of less
than 30 µm. The purpose of
the invention was to improve
light extraction per unit
surface
48%CAGR
2009-2014
* A patent family is a set of patents filed in multiple countries by a
common inventor(s) to protect a single invention.
Extension of
priority patents
Kansas State University
US6410940 (granted)
GaN microdisk LED with
12µmdiameter and
50µmpitch
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
20
HOW DO WE FORECAST?
• Performance, features
• Technology requirements
• Cost requirements
• Incumbent technologies
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
For each application: SWOT analysis applications
roadmap adoptions rates forecast
21
Supply Chain
Technology
Performance
SMARTWATCHES: THE LOW HANGING FRUIT?
Differentiating improvement
in power consumption.
Cost
Small amount of pixels +
high PPI = low cost
~low volumes / low capexDoug Marshall
Getting there
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
22
Supply Chain
Technology
Cost
Performance
AUGMENTED / MIXED REALITY: A POTENTIAL KILLER APP
Most AR/VR HMDs feature a darkened shield
to reduce the amount of ambient light.
Microsoft
Only technology that could deliver the
high brightness required for outdoor
applications.
Need <<$100 per microdisplay for
consumer.
CMOS integration / hybridization
Color conversions issues
Reduced capex, can be addressed by
smaller company, well funded startup
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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WHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE SHORT TERM?
Finalize technology
development
Set up supply chain.
Manufacturing of
dedicated
equipment
Test and
ramp upFirst high volume
consumer products
2017 2018 2019 2020
More high volume
consumer products ?
2021
Niche product only (where µLED
performance are highly differentiating)
Remaining technical and manufacturing
challenges prove to difficult to overcome.
µLED remain too expensive & difficult to manufacture
for high volume consumer applications, and or
incumbent technology keep improving too fast Crash and burn: no µLEDs displays?
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
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Opportunities for Equipment and Material
Suppliers
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
25
REMAINING ROADBLOCKS
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
Assembly Technologies:MicroLED chip
architecture:Epitaxy Defect Management
Man
ufa
ctu
rin
g
• Need improved
clean rooms and
reactor
cleanliness.
• Improving
homogeneity might
require single
wafer reactors.
• The LED industry's existing
infrastructure and
equipment are not
suitable for µLED: requires
better clean rooms (class
100 or better) + high
resolution lithography
tools (steppers vs mask
aligners)
• Challenging alignment and
positioning accuracy
requirements.
• Equipment not available
commercially.
• Need to develop
specific testing and
laser repair tools.
• Need to develop
specific electrode
deposition tools to
individually connect
pixels.
Others
Tech
no
log
y
• Need improved
wavelength
homogeneity vs
current
standards.
• Requires lower
epi-defects:
cleaner substrates.
• Many applications require
µLED die size below 10 µm,
as low as 2 µm. At those sizes,
efficiency is only 1-10% vs. up to
70% for traditional LEDs. At
those levels, µLED can’t deliver
on one of their key promises:
lower energy consumption.
• Efficiency of massively pick
& place (P&P) processes
decrease for larger displays
with low pixel densities.
• Challenging to manipulate
die size below 10µm which
are required in most
applications.
• Systematic pixel
redundancy could increase
cost and is not feasible in
displays with high pixel
density.
• Individual pixel repair is
challenging, can be costly
and is not doable with
monolithic µLED arrays.
• Color
conversion:
need high
flux
resistant
QDs
and/or
nano-
phosphors.
27
CONCLUSIONS
• MicroLED is inherently more complex
than OLED and LCD.
• MicroLED won’t completely displace
OLED and LCD.
• MicroLED could end up dominating a few
niches: wearable,AR/MR/HUD
• MicroLED could compete with OLED on
the very high end of the market in various
other applications…
• …or not.
• In any case, several opportunities among
the supply chain for equipment and
material suppliers
Smartwatches
and wearables
Virtual reality
Large video
displays
TV
Smartphones
Laptops and
convertibles
Automotive
HUD
Augmented/Mixed
Reality
Sony
LG
Samsung
HP
BMW
Microsoft
Oculus
Apple
Tablets
Acer
MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012)
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
28©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays
Thank You!
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