PIC Brochure DuraAct Piezo Composite Patch Transducers C2 Pic

8/13/2019 PIC Brochure DuraAct Piezo Composite Patch Transducers C2 Pic

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PI Piezo Composite Technology

DuraActPiezoelectric Patch Transducers

for Industry and Research

www.piceramic.de
http://www.piceramic.com/


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PI Piezo Composite Technology2

rochure: DuraAct Piezoelectric Patch Transducers; piezocomposite transducers; adaptronics, commercial applications; aerospace, automotive, machinery;; equipment, building and structures, Smart Materials; P-876; P876

PI Ceramic (PIC) is the piezo-ceramic division of PhysikInstrumente (PI), the world-leading manufacturer of ultra-high-precision piezo nanoposi-tioning systems. Based onknowledge and expertisegained in more than 40 yearsof continuous research andmanufacturing of piezoelectricmaterials and components, PICeramic is a world-class sup-plier of high-performance

piezoelectric actuator andtransducer components andsubassemblies.

State-of-the-Art Piezo Com-ponents, Ultrasonic Trans-ducers, Piezo Actuators andPiezo-System Solutions

Design & Manufacture of High-ReliabilityComponents for the KeyMarkets of Our Time

Custom and StandardSolutionsHighly FlexibleProcessing Ensures RapidDelivery

Custom DesignsAll Key

Technologies and Equip-ment In-House

ISO 9001-2000 QualityCertified since 1997

Ultra-High-Precision Tech-nology Years Ahead of Its Time

PI has a strategy of verticalintegration with all key tech-nologies developed and main-tained in the company. Directcontrol over every step fromconception to shipment per-mits optimizing quality andcost. As a customer, you,too, can profit from our longexperience in controlling andmeasuring motion at thenanometer level. PI can reactquickly to development andproduction needs of OEM cus-tomerseven for highly com-plex custom products and sub-assemblies.

Key Technologies Under One Roof:a Plus for Our Customers

INVENT GmbH is a 1996 spin-off from the DLR (GermanAerospace Center) Institute of Structural Mechanics in

Braunschweig. Now an estab-lished partner for the aero-space industry, INVENT offersqualified processes for plan-ning, design, engineering andmanufacturingthe funda-mentals of successful productdevelopment.

INVENT GmbH has earnedrenown as engineering special-ist for composite fiber tech-nologies. The company devel-ops structural components,applying their expertise in

fields ranging from structuralanalysis, construction methodsto series production. Anothermajor area of activity is

research and development.There, the focus is on materialand process engineering,including finishing and coatingof composite fiber structures.The quality management sys-tem at INVENT has been DINEN 9100 certified since 2005.

Research for Industry

State-of-the-art PI Ceramicfacility in Lederhose Germany

hosts an extensivemanufacturing operation,

R&D laboratories as well asadministration offices

PI headquarters

CooperationDuraAct patch transducersare based on a patenteddevelopment by the GermanAerospace Center (DLR). PICeramic (PIC) produces thepiezoceramic elements andhandles all sales under anexclusive agreement, whileINVENT GmbH puts togetherthe transducers.


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PI Piezo Composite Technology 3

The development of self-cor-recting, adaptive systems isreceiving more and moreattention in modern industrialresearch. Structures usingsmart materials which inte-grate sensor and actuator func-tions are taking on growingimportance in this field. Thesesystems are designed to detectand react to changes in theiroperating environment, likeimpact, pressure or bendingforces.

With a long history as adaptivematerials, piezo actuators havebeen especially popular for themonitoring and active damp-ing of high-frequency vibra-tion. The novelDuraAct patchtransducers now offer a com-pact solution in this area.

Applied directly to a substrate,or used as part of the structureitself, DuraAct patch tranduc-ers can detect and producevibrations or contour deforma-

tions at the source, inside thestructure. The magnitude of usable deflection dependsstrongly on the substrate prop-erties, and extends into themillimeter range.

AdaptronicsIndustrialApplications of Tomorrow

Piezoelectric components likethe DuraAct patch transducertransform electrical to mechan-ical energy and vice versa.Possible applications are in

high-precision bender actua-tors, high-dynamics sensors oras power sources.

DuraAct patch transducersare extremely compact unitsbased on a thin piezoceramicfoil between two conductivefilms, all embedded in a ductilecomposite-polymer structure.In this way, the brittle piezo-ceramic is mechanically pre-

stressed and electrically insu-lated, which makes the trans-ducers so robust that they canbe applied on curved surfaceswith a bending radius as low as

20 mm. The patch transducersare glued to the surface and canbe used for various purposes.

Even in high-dynamics applica-tions, the rugged designensures reliability, high resist-ance to damage and a lifetimewell over 10 9 cycles. Wear andfailure rates are low, as thesolid-state actuators contain nomoving parts.

Piezo-Electric All-RounderDuraAct Patch Tranducers

DuraAct patch transducerscan extract electric power frommechanical vibrations of up toseveral kilohertz, thus acting asenergy harvesting devices. The

power, in the milliwatt range,can supply miniature electron-ics like LEDs, sensors or miniRF transmitters for remote datatransfer.

MiniatureElectric Generator forAutonomous Systems

DuraAct patch transducers tolerate bending radiias low as 20 mm ( 3 / 4 in.)

PI Brochure: DuraAct Piezoelectric Patch Transducers; piezocomposite transducers; adaptronics, commercial applications; aerospace, automotive, machinery;; equipment, building and structures, Smart Materials; P-876; P876
http://www.piceramic.de/


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PI Piezo Composite Technology4


DuraAct technology allowshigh flexibility in actuatordesign. This means thatDuraAct is also ideally suitedfor research and prototyping.In addition to the range of stan-dard designs, highly individu-alized structural shapes can berealized to meet differentrequirements of geometry,flexibility, stiffness or operat-ing temperature.

Standard DuraAct patchtransducers consist of one

piezoceramic layer only. Forspecial applications, multilayerdevices can be made available.In an actuator, multiple layersresult in higher force genera-tion with the same operatingvoltage. If the layers are wired

separately, both sensor andactuator functionality can beused simultaneously.

The piezoelectric transducerscan be designed to fit the appli-

cation exactly, including eventransducers with arrays of multiple ceramic elements.Such custom products can beproduced very efficiently, evenin low quantities.

Depending on the application,different demands are made onthe electronics. To operate ahigh-precision, high-dynamicspositioner, a low-noise, broad-band amplifier is required.

Active vibration dampingrequires fast servo-control withbandwidth sufficient for close-coupling the generated force tothe structural mass to bedamped.

PI offers special, high-resolu-tion amplifier modules forDuraAct patch transducers,and can always create customversions to meet specialrequirements.

Tailored Control Electronics

Selection of custom modules

DuraAct Patch TransducersFeatures and Advantages

Custom Versions forAny Application

High damage immunity

Choice of materials andgeometries

Well-defined mechanicaland electricalproperties

Short lead-timeavailability

Compact

Longlifetime

Highbandwidth

Customized solutions

Can be applied tocurved surfaces

Constant &proven quality

Easy to use

Operation as actuator,sensor or power source

Multilayer module,e.g. for actuator-sensor combination

Highly flexible ceramic elements

Cost-effective


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PI Piezo Composite Technology


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Fig. 1a: Classical application of the direct piezo effect. Minute deformations of the substratecause displacements in the DuraAct patch transducer and produce an electric current pro-portional to the motion. DuraAct transducers can detect deformationslike those causedby bending strain or pressurevery precisely, even at high frequencies.

Application ExamplesSensor Mode

F

UU

F

UU

Fig. 1b: The same operating mode can be used with an array of several modules.

Vibration damping applica-tions: good results can beachieved by combining apiezoelectric sensor with aservo-controller and havingthe sensor signal control an(external) damping mecha-nism.

Actuator Mode

U

F

Fig. 2: In actuator mode, DuraActpatch transducers use the inversepiezo effect: they contract whenvoltage is applied. Affixed to a sub-strate material, a DuraAct patchtransducer acts as a bender

DuraAct patch transducers

feature a very high bandwidth.In combination with suitableelectronics (e.g. E-413.D2 fromPI) they can be used as high-dynamics positioners with sub-micron precision.

Whole areas can be surveyedwith an array of multiple mod-ules attached to various pointson the surface. Active monitor-ing, where some transducersare used as actuators while theothers detect the waves theygenerate, is also possible.Faults in the structural material,like microcracks, are detectedby comparing the signals withthose from an undamaged sys-tem.

UU

U

Fig. 3: Design principle for a healthmonitoring system: one DuraActpatch transducer is controlled byan electronic amplifier (actuatorfunctionality) and induces vibra-

tions in the substrate. An array of transducers detects the vibrationsand transfers the signals to suitablecontrol electronics. Comparisonwith the signal pattern from anundamaged system gives informa-tion concerning the condition of the substrate.

Structural Health Monitoring(SHM): DuraAct patchtransducers can be used tomonitor the functional andstructural integrity; the patchtransducers are either part of the structure itself, orembedded within it.

Fast switching: DuraActpatch transducers providefast response and long life-time and are ideal actuatorsfor these applications.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)Damage Diagnosis


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Selection Guide

Model Dimensions Mass Active Capacitance Supply Lateral Free Lateral Blocking Youngs(l x w x d) [g] Area [nF] Voltage Contraction/ Contraction Force Modulus

[mm] [cm 2] (min/max) Voltage S 0 FB [GPa][V] [(m/m)/V] [m/m] [N]

Custom modules

The modular design of the

DuraAct technology opensa wide range of optimizationpossibilities concerning thefollowing features:

Transducer geometry

Flexibility and bending

Operating temperature

Insulating material

Electrodes, shape and mate-rial

Connection points, shapeand material

Custom Transducer Shapes

DuraAct Patch Transducers

Model Dimensions Mass Active Capacitance Supply Lateral Free Lateral Blocking Youngs(l x w x d) [g] Area [nF] Voltage Contraction/ Contraction Force Modulus

[mm] [cm 2] (min/max) Voltage S 0 FB [GPa][V] [(m/m)/V] [m/m] [N]

P-876.A22 113 x 35 x 0.5 6.5 30 180 -100 to 400 1.3 650 265 23.3

P-876.A42 113 x 67 x 0.5 12.5 60 360 -100 to 400 1.3 650 527 24.2

P-876.A25 113 x 35 x 0.8 13.5 30 90 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 775 34.7

P-876.A45 113 x 67 x 0.8 27.0 60 180 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 1546 36.1

P-876.B12 61 x 55 x 0.5 5.5 25 150 -100 to 400 1.3 650 438 24.5

P-876.B22 113 x 55 x 0.5 10.0 50 300 -100 to 400 1.3 650 438 24.5

P-876.B42 113 x 107 x 0.5 20.0 100 600 -100 to 400 1.3 650 873 25.1

P-876.B15 61 x 55 x 0.8 11.5 25 75 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 1290 36.6

P-876.B25 113 x 55 x 0.8 21.5 50 150 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 1290 36.6

P-876.B45 113 x 107 x 0.8 43.0 100 300 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 2570 37.5

P-876.C12 81 x 30 x 0.5 4.0 17.5 10.5 -100 to 400 1.3 650 220 22.7

P-876.C22 153 x 30 x 0.5 7.5 35 210 -100 to 400 1.3 650 220 22.7

P-876.C42 153 x 57 x 0.5 15.0 70 420 -100 to 400 1.3 650 440 23.8

P-876.C15 81 x 30 x 0.8 8.2 17.5 53 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 650 33.8

P-876.C25 153 x 30 x 0.8 16.0 35 105 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 650 33.8

P-876.C45 153 x 57 x 0.8 31.5 70 210 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 1290 35.4

P-876.SP1 27 x 15 x 0.5 0.5 0.8 4.75

Coming Soon

P-876.A11 61 x 35 x 0.4 2.1 15 150 -50 to 200 1.6 450 90 16.4

P-876.A12 61 x 35 x 0.5 3.5 15 90 -100 to 400 1.3 650 265 23.3

P-876.A15 61 x 35 x 0.8 7.2 15 45 -250 to 1000 0.64 800 775 34.7


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P-876 DuraAct patch trans-ducers offer the functionality of piezoceramic materials assensors and actuators as well

as for electrical charge genera-tion and storage. Used asbender actuators, they allowhigh deflections of up to 0.8 mmwith high force and high preci-sion. Other possible operationmodes of DuraAct transduc-ers are as high-dynamics sen-sors (e.g. for structural healthmonitoring) or for energy har-vesting.

Integration into AdaptiveSystems

With their compact design,DuraAct transducers can beapplied to structure areaswhere deformations are to begenerated or detected. For thispurpose the transducers can beaffixed to the surfaces of struc-tures or integrated as structuralelements themselves. Wholeareas can be monitored effec-tively by applying an array of several modules to a surface.

DuraAct patch transducersare ideally suited for active and

adaptive systems. Embeddedin a servo-control loop, theycan reduce vibrations and con-trol structures in the nanome-ter range.

Robust and Cost-EffectiveDesign for IndustrialApplications

The laminated design withpiezoceramic plate and poly-mers provide a mechanicallypreloaded and electrically insu-lated device for easy handling.P-876 patch transducers fea-

ture a rugged design with themechanical stability of a struc-tural material.

Energy Harvesting:Self-Sustaining Systems in aSmall Package

One possible application of DuraAct patch transducers isin the field of energy harvest-ing. Transformation of mechanical vibrations of up tosome kilohertz into the corre-sponding potential differencecan yield electrical power in

the milliwatt range. This powercan supply miniature electron-ic devices like diodes, sensorsor even radio transmitters forremote data control.

DuraAct transducers can beoffered in highly customizedversions:

Flexible choice ofdimensionsFlexible choice of thickness

and bending propertiesFlexible choice of piezo-ceramic materials and oper-ating temperatureVarious electrical connectiondesignsCombining sensor andactuator functions (multipleceramic layers)

DuraAct Piezoelectric Patch Transducers

P-876

Dimensions of the P-876 in mm

Ordering Information

P-876.A11DuraAct Patch Transducer,61 x 35 x 0.4 mm



Ask for custom designs!

Application Examples

High-dynamics actuators

Adaptive systems

Vibration and noisecancellation

Deformation control andstabilization

Damage monitoring

Energy harvesting

P-876.A12 and .A15 actuators. Golf ball for size comparison

Actuator, Sensor or Energy SourceHighly Formable CeramicsCan be Applied to Curved SurfacesCustomized Solutions on RequestCost-Effective

Lateral contraction of a DuraAct patch transducer when voltage is applied
http://www.piezo.ws/http://www.piezo.ws/


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PI Brochure: DuraAct Piezoelectric Patch Transducers; piezocomposite transducers; adaptronics, commercial applications; aerospace, automotive, machinery;

; equipment, building and structures, Smart Materials; P-876; P876

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Technical Data

P-876.A11 P-876.A12 P-876.A15 Tolerances

Operating voltage -50 to +200 V -100 to +400 V -250 to +1000 V

Motion and positioning

Lateral contraction, open-loop 400 m/m 650 m/m 800 m/m min.1.6 m/(H/m/V) 1.3 m/(H/m/V) 0.64 m/(H/m/V)

Mechanical properties

Holding force 90 N 265 N 775 N

Length 61 mm 61 mm 61 mm 0.5 mm

Width 35 mm 35 mm 35 mm 0.5 mm

Thickness 0.4 mm 0.5 mm 0.8 mm 0.5 mmBending radius 12 mm 20 mm 70 mm max.

Drive properties

Piezo ceramic type PIC 252 PIC 255 PIC 255Layer thickness: 100 m Layer thickness: 200 m Layer thickness: 500 m

Electrical capacitance 150 nF 90 nF 45 nF 20 %

Miscellaneous

Operating temperature range -20 to +150 (180) C -20 to +150 (180) C -20 to +150 (180) C

Mass 2.1 g 3.5 g 7.2 g 5 %

Voltage connection Solder pads Solder pads Solder pads

Recommended controller/driver E-413.D2 E-413.D2 E-508

Deflection of a bending transducer as a function of the substrate thickness for

different materials. A bending transducer consists of a substrate with a P-876 actuator(here: P-876.A15) glued to one side. A contraction of the actuator effects a deflection W Design principle of the transducer


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The E-413 is a stand-alone,amplifier board for bipolarPZTs. Three versions are avail-

able: the E-413.00 (bench-top),the E-413.OE OEM version andthe E-413.D2 for DuraActpatch transducers. The firsttwo can output and sink peakcurrents of 100 mA in a volt-age range of -250 to +250 V,corresponding to the standardrange of PI PICA Shear piezoactuators see page 1-24 ff .

The E-413.D2 is designed fordriving P-876 DuraAct piezo-electric patch transducers; itoffers a peak output power of 50 W with an operating volt-age of -100 to +400 V.

Open-Loop Operation

E-413 piezo amplifier modulesprovide precision control forpiezo shear and bender actua-tors both in static and dyna-mic operation.

The output voltage is deter-mined by an analog signal atthe control input, combined

with an optional DC-offset(external potentiometer notincluded) amplified by factor

50.

Remote Control viaComputer Interface

Optionally, digital control via aD/A converter is possible. Forseveral D/A boards fromNational Instruments, PI offersa corresponding LabVIEWdriver set which is compatiblewith the PI General CommandSet (GCS), the command setused by all PI controllers. A

further option includes thepatented Hyperbit technolo-gy providing enhanced sys-tem resolution.

Operation / Contents ofDelivery

Only a single, unipolar, stabi-lized voltage input of 24 V isrequired to operate the E-413.An integrated DC/DC conver-ter generates the PZT operat-ing voltage and all other volt-ages used internally. All inputsand outputs are via the male,

32-pin, rear connector. Amatching female, 32-pin con-nector is included.

Please read general informa-tion on piezo amplifiers seepage 6-52.

E-413Compact Piezo Amplifier for DuraAct Patch Transducers and PICA Shear Piezo Actuators

Peak Power to 50 WOEM Module / Bench-Top for PICA Shear ActuatorsOEM Module for DuraAct Piezoelectric Patch Transducers

OEM amplifier module E-413.D2 for DuraAct piezoceramic patch transducers

Ordering Information

E-413.D2Piezo Amplifier for DuraAct PatchTransducers, -100 to +400 V

E-413.00Piezo Amplifier for PICA ShearActuators, -250 to +250 V,Bench Top

E-413.OEPiezo Amplifier for PICA ShearActuators, -250 to +250 V,OEM Module

Accessories:

E-500.ACDCD with Driver Set for AnalogControllers

E-500.HCDHyperbit Functionality forEnhanced System Resolution(Supports certain D/A boards.)

E-413.OE OEM amplifier module (with heat sink) for PICA Shear piezo actuators

E-413: operating limits with various PZT loads, capacitance is measured in nF

reeaseThenewesreeasesavaabefordownoada

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E-413.00 bench-top piezo amplifier for PICA Shear actuators

Technical Data

E-413.00 E-413.OE E-413.D2

Function Power amplifier for PICA Power amplifier for PICA Power amplifier forShear piezo actuators, bench-top Shear piezo actuators, OEM module DuraAct piezoelectric patch

transducers, OEM module

Amplifier

Input voltage range -5 to +5 V -5 to +5 V -2 to 8 V

Output voltage range -250 to 250 V -250 to 250 V -100 to 400 V

Amplifier channels 1 1 1

Peak output power 50 VA 50 VA 50 VA

Average output power



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Tutorial

Working PrincipleThe term piezo is derived fromthe Greek word for pressure. In1880 Jacques and Pierre Curiediscovered that an electricpotential could be generatedby applying pressure to quartzcrystals; they named this phe-nomenon the piezoelectric effect. Later they ascertainedthat when exposed to an elec-tric potential, piezoelectricmaterials change shape. Thisthey named the inverse piezo-

electric effect.

The piezo effect is used for sen-sor functionality, while actua-tor behavior uses the inversepiezo effect.

The piezoceramic plates inDuraAct patch transducersresemble a capacitor. Theceramic acts as a dielectricbetween its metallized sur-faces. When voltage is applied,an electric field is createdinside the ceramic. The fieldcauses a uniform lateral con-traction of the ceramic perpen-dicular to the direction of theelectric field (Fig. 1). This beha-vior is called the transversepiezoelectric effect (d 31 effect,Fig.2).

The electric field strengthdetermines the magnitude of the lateral contraction. This isthe key to simple control of

the transducer modules. Whenthe modules are glued to a sub-strate, they effectively transferforce over the whole surface,not only at selected points, aswith conventional actuators.Conversely, DuraAct patchtransducers transform changesin shape to electric current,thereby enabling their use assensors or energy sources.

The piezoceramic response toa change of the electric field orto deformation is extremely

fast. Vibrations in the kilohertzrange can be produced ordetected. Different excitationvoltages are required and dif-ferent contraction amountspossible, depending on theceramic type and its dimen-sions. The correlation betweendisplacement and applied volt-age is not linear. A voltage-to-displacement curve with thetypical hysteresis behavior isshown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 1: Lateral contraction

Fig. 3: Piezo hysteresis

Fig. 2: d 31 effect




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TechnologyDuraAct patch transducersoperate as sensors with vary-ing bandwidthsreacting tomechanical strain like impact,bending or pressureand ashigh-precision positioning orbending actuators.

The standard transducerdesign features a piezoceramicfoil with metalized surfaces forelectrical contact (Fig. 4). Thethickness of standard foils used

is typically 100 to 500 m, witheven thinner layers possible.Without further processing,these piezoceramic elementsare brittle and difficult to han-dle. Embedding them in a poly-mer structure provides electri-cal insulation and mechanicalstability. The result is a modulethat is ductile and extremelyrobust.

An alternative design featuresmultiple layer piezoceramics,enhancing force generation forthe same operating voltage.

DuraAct patch transducersare solid state actuators andtherefore have no movingparts. Wear and failure ratesare low. Electrical contact isrealized by soldering, clampingor gluing leads to two pads.Connecting multiple layersseparately allows separationof the sensor and actuatorfunctionality, meaning thatthe transducer can be used assensor and actuator simultane-

ously.Fig. 4: DuraAct transducer design principle

Working DiagramThe actuator properties of piezoceramic transducers areessentially described by twoparameters: the blocking forceFB and the free displacement,S 0. When a voltage U is appliedto the free (unblocked) actua-

tor, it reaches its maximum dis-placement S 0. The force re-quired to prevent any lengthchange at all is called the block-ing force, F B (Fig. 5).

A graph of applied force versusactuator displacement is calledthe actuator characteristiccurve (Fig. 7). It basically fol-lows the line passing throughthe points with 0 force and 0displacement described above.In most cases the actuator actsagainst an elastic structure,

e.g. when a spring or a metalsheet is deformed (Fig. 6). If theload is represented by a spring(characteristic curve of thespring) with stiffness of c F, theresulting operating point is theintersection of the load line

with the actuator characteristiccurve (Fig. 7). The most effec-tive operation occurs when theoperating point is in the middleof the characteristic curve.

Fig. 5: Parameter definitions

Fig. 6: Application of a spring force to an actuator



4

Parameters for Bender ActuatorsDuraAct actuators are usual-ly glued to a substrate andtransfer the contraction not at afew attachment points, butover the whole surface. In sucha configuration, the DuraAct/ substrate combination acts asa bender actuator. Bender actu-ators provide fast, high-preci-sion and repeatable deflectionand are used in a wide range of applications, e.g. in printers,valves, and in the textile indus-

try. DuraAct patch transduc-ers are based on the transversepiezo effect, and therefore con-tract with an electric fieldapplied. The bender flexes andexerts a normal force as shownin Fig. 8. For the free, un-blocked bender, the free deflec-tion is W 0. The force requiredto reduce the deflection to zerois called the bender blocking

force F BW . It is significantlysmaller than the actuatorblocking force. The linethrough these two points,gives the characteristic curvefor the bender. Fig. 9 and 10show curves relating the maxi-mum deflection W 0 and themaximum force F BW to the sub-strate thickness and elasticity.These diagrams show the actu-al deflections and forces meas-ured with 50 mm substrate

samples made of differentmaterials and a P-876.A15DuraAct patch transducer.Together with the characteristiccurve for the DuraAct alone,the bender characteristics formthe basis for effectively esti-mating the actuator perform-ance in a specific application.PI therefore includes thesecurves on all datasheets.

Fig. 10: Bender actuator blocking force

Fig. 8: Bender actuator characteristics

Fig. 9: Free deflection of bender actuators

Fig. 7: Characteristic curve with spring load line



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http://www.piezo.ws PI Piezo Composite Technology

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Power RequirementsTo determine the requiredelectrical power for successfulactuator operation, the elec-trical capacitance must beknown. Typical DuraAct ca-pacitances are in the nanofaradrange and can be found in thedatasheets.

The electrical capacitance, C,depends on the piezoceramictype, thickness and area. For anestimation of the average elec-trical power, P m , knowledge of the operating voltage rangeand the excitation frequency isnecessary.

Pm = C f U h 2

Pmax = Pm

PICMA

Multilayer Bender Actuators

In addition to DuraAct patchtransducers, PI manufactures alarge variety of high-perfor-mance, high-load piezo actua-tors (multilayer stacks, high-voltage stacks, multilayer ben-ders, etc.)

f: FrequencyUh : Voltage swing

The maximum power requiredPmax is then just the averagepower times pi ( ):

PICA Piezo Tube Actuators

PICA High-ForcePiezo Stack Actuators

(to 10 Tonload capacity)

PICMA Multilayer Piezo Stacks



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i i d

HeadquartersGERMANY

PI Ceramic GmbHLindenstr.D-07589 LederhoseTel: +49 (36604) 882-0Fax: +49 (36604) [email protected]

Subsidiaries

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PI Japan Co., Ltd.Akebono-cho 2-38-5Tachikawa-shiJ-Tokyo 190

Tel: +81 (42) 526 7300Fax: +81 (42) 526 [email protected]

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J-Osaka 532Tel: +81 (6) 6304 5605Fax: +81 (6) 6304 [email protected]

CHINA

Physik Instrumente(PI Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Building No. 7-301Longdong Avenue 3000201203 Shanghai, ChinaTel: +86 (21) 687 900 08Fax: +86 (21) 687 900 [email protected]

FRANCE

PI France S.A.S.32 rue DelizyF-93694 Pantin CedexTel: +33 (1) 481 039 30Fax: +33 (1) 481 008 [email protected]

Physik Instrumente (PI)GmbH & Co. KGAuf der Rmerstr. 1D-76228 Karlsruhe/PalmbachTel: +49 (721) 4846-0Fax: +49 (721) [email protected] www.pi.ws

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GREAT BRITAIN

Lambda Photometrics Ltd.Lambda HouseBatford MillGB-Harpenden, HertfordshireAL5 5BZTel: +44 (1582) 764 334Fax: +44 (1582) 712 [email protected]

ITALY

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Program Overview

Piezoelectric ActuatorsPiezo Nanopositioning Systems and ScannersActive Optics / Tip-Tilt PlatformsCapacitive SensorsPiezo Electronics: Amplifiers and ControllersHexapodsMicropositionersPositioning Systems for Fiber Optics, Photonicsand TelecommunicationsMotor ControllersPILine High-Speed Ceramic Linear Motors

For more information on piezoceramic materials andcomponents, see the PI Ceramic catalogs and Website(www.piceramic.de).

For more information on these and other PI productlines, see the Physik Instrumente (PI) Nanopositioningcatalog and website (www.pi.ws).
http://www.piceramic.com/http://www.pi-japan.jp/http://www.pi-china.cn/http://www.polytec-pi.fr/http://www.pi.ws/http://www.pi-usa.us/http://www.pionline.it/http://www.pionline.it/http://www.pi-usa.us/http://www.pi.ws/http://www.polytec-pi.fr/http://www.pi-china.cn/http://www.pi-japan.jp/http://www.piceramic.com/

Documents

PIC Brochure DuraAct Piezo Composite Patch Transducers C2 Pic