P i A ti M it i fPassive Acoustic Monitoring forMarine Mammals in the Gulf of Mexico

John HildebrandScripps Institution of Oceanography

University of California San Diego

With contributions from:Natalia Sidorovskaia nas@louisiana.edu

Aaron Rice arice@cornell eduAaron Rice arice@cornell.edu

April 7, 2015 - Gulf of Mexico

Marine Mammal Research and Monitoring MeetingAstor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans, LA

High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package (HARP)g ( )

Hydrophone

SIO HARP - Passive Acoustic Monitoring

5 HARPSMay 2010 - Present

Cornell MARU – Passive Acoustic Monitoring

22 MARUs22 MARUsJune 2010 - February 2012

LADC EARS – Passive Acoustic Monitoring

July - August, 2001 August - September 2002 July 2007 September 2010September 2010

LADCGEMMGEMM

Gulf Ecological Monitoring and Modeling

2015-2017

2015-2017 objectives:1. Long-term ecosystem-centered passive

acoustic monitoring (E-PAM) of marine mammal recovery after the spill;

2 Comparison of E-PAM platforms for 2. Comparison of E-PAM platforms for cost-effective near real-time monitoring (bottom-moored buoys, Seagliders, and ASV);

3. Integrated acoustic data processing techniques connecting abundance variations and ecosystem indicators (soundscapes, food supply, stock (soundscapes, food supply, stock composition);

4. Population dynamics predictive modeling.

Sperm Whale DetectionsOil on surface Mississippi Canyon

100

50 y

0

100s pe

r Day

Green Canyon100

50

5 m

in B

ins

D T t

0100

ntag

e of

5

Dry Tortugas

50 Perc

en

02010 2011 2012

Density Estimation Equation

Sperm Whale Density Estimation – Results

Oil on surface

40

200 km

2

20

020 n

# /1

000

20

10

stim

ates

i

010

ensi

ty E

s

5

Wee

kly

D

0

W

Sperm Whale Visual and AcousticNMFS Visual Surveys in 1996-2001 and 2003-2004NMFS Visual Surveys in 1996 2001 and 2003 2004Number = 1,665 (CV=0.20)Visual Density Estimate = 5.4 / 1000 km2

Sighting Area = 311 x 1000 km2

MC12.1

GC2.9

DTDT0.6

Acoustic Density Estimates in # /1000 km2

Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales

Dwarf Sperm whalePygmy Sperm whale

Kogia spp. echolocation clicksHARP sampled at 320 kHz

Kogia spp. echolocation clicksMC HARP sampled at 200 kHz

Dwarf & Pygmy Sperm Whale DetectionsOil on surface

5

2 5

Oil on surface

Day

Mississippi CanyonMississippi Canyon

2.5

0

nspe

r D

5

2.5 min

Bin Green CanyonGreen Canyon

0

5age

of 5

D T5

2.5

Per

cent

a Dry TortugasDry Tortugas

0

P

2010 2011 2012

Kogia Spp. Visual and AcousticNMFS Visual SurveysNMFS Visual SurveysNumber = 453 (CV=0.35) Sighting Area = 378 x 1000 km2

Visual Average Density = 1.2 / 1000 km2

MC18.9

GC28.0

DTDT5.9

Acoustic Density Estimates in # /1000 km2

Beaked whales in Gulf of Mexico

1816

Gervais’ beaked whale

Cuvier’s beaked whale

Gervais beaked whale

44

?Blainville’s beaked whale

Unknown Beaked Whale BWG

?Blainville s beaked whale

Beaked whale acoustics

Cuvier’s 49.8% Gervais’ 48.7% Blainville’s 0.4% BWG 1.1%

P t t f B k d Wh l i th G lf f M iPercentage encounters for Beaked Whales in the Gulf of Mexico

From Simone Baumann-Pickering

Gervais’ Beaked Whale DetectionsOil on surface

Day

Mississippi Canyon

nspe

r D

min

Bin

Green Canyon

age

of 5

Dry Tortugas

Per

cent

a y g

P

Gervais’ Beaked Whale DensityOil fOil on surface

Mississippi Canyon Mean = 2.7 animals / 1000 km2

0 km

2 n

# /1

000

Green Canyon Mean = 2.4 animals / 1000 km2

stim

ates

i

Dry Tortugas Mean = 13.7 animals / 1000 km2 ensi

ty E

s

y g

Wee

kly

DW

Gervais’ Beaked Whale Visual and AcousticNMFS Visual Surveys: NMFS Visual Surveys: Mesoplodon spp. 57 (CV=1.40); Ziphiidae 337 (CV=0.40)Sighting Area = 303 x 1000 km2

Visual Density (Max) = 1.3 / 1000 km2

MC2.7

GC2.4

DTDT13.7

Acoustic Density Estimates in # /1000 km2

Cuvier’s Beaked Whale DetectionsOil on surface

Day

Mississippi Canyon

nspe

r D

min

Bin

Green Canyon

age

of 5

Dry Tortugas

Per

cent

a y g

P

Cuvier’s Beaked Whale DensityOil on surfaceOil on surface

0 km

2 Mississippi Canyon Mean = 1.0 animals / 1000 km2

n #

/100

0

Green Canyon Mean = 0 5 animals / 1000 km2

stim

ates

i Green Canyon Mean = 0.5 animals / 1000 km2

ensi

ty E

s

Dry Tortugas Mean = 15.3 animals / 1000 km2

Wee

kly

D

y g

W

Cuvier’s Beaked Whale Visual and AcousticNMFS Visual Surveys: yCuvier’s 65 (CV=0.67); Ziphiidae 337 (CV=0.40)Sighting Area = 303 x 1000 km2

Visual Density (Max) = 1.3 / 1000 km2

MC1.0

GC0.5

DTDT15.3

Acoustic Density Estimates in # /1000 km2

K. Frasier- Delphinid Passive Acoustic Monitoring

MC - All Dolphin Clicks

MC- Stenellids

Summary recommended priorities:

Support for on-going time-series data collection

Effort in areas of the Gulf not currently well sampled: Deepwater (non slope) Western Gulf Mexican waters

Collect acoustic (towed array) data on visual surveys to ( y) yrefine understanding of delphinid calls

Effort on tagging and tracking to refine density estimation o t o tagg g a d t ac g to e e de s ty est at oparameters