PIA 2000Introduction to Public Affairs

1. Comparison by Structure- Unit for comparison

2. Ideal Types

3. The Rationality Debate

4. Governance Processes

5. Dysfunctional Governance

6. Reform vs. Rhetoric

1. The Rational Model

2. Authoritarian

3. Mobilizing Regime- Party Dominant

4. Fused- Cabinet Government

5. Separation of Powers- “Congressional”

6. Federal vs. Unitary

7. Territorial (Cantonal) vs. Corporate

8. Corruption and the Problem of Efficiency

1916-2006

Ferrel Heady Died August 16, 2006

1. Not reality: eg. Model Airplane

2. A kind of Model

3. Deviations can be measured

4. Method: By comparison to the model

An Ideal Type Matrix

1. Organization highly differentiated

2. Rational decisions and procedures

3. High activity levels and efficiency

4. Power and authority are legitimate

5. Popular involvement and acceptance of procedures and decisions

“What is wrong with this Picture?”

a. Merit Selection

b. Hierarchy- Chain of Command

c. Division of Labor and functional specialization

d. Administrative work: full time, no sinecures

e. Contractual agreement

f. Professional or technical training

1.Scientific Management: Time and Motion- (Taylor)

1.Human Resource Management: Social Comfort-Hawthorne Experiments

1936

Modern Times

Hawthorne Study: he Hawthorne effect - an increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important and improved work.

“The Hawthorn Effect” The term was coined in 1955 by Henry A. Landsberger when analysing older experiments from 1924-1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory outside Chicago).

“Very Impressive, my colleague....but does it also work in theory”

From the World of Samuel P. Huntington Political Order in Changing Societies

1. Bureaucracy as Authoritarian

a. Subject****

b. Citizen

c. Customer

“Red vs. Expert”

1. Pluralist Systems- Interest Group with experts Have Access Issues

2. Dominant Party Regimes- defacto of de jure“no party states”

1. Mobilization Regimes: Populist vs. Leninist

2. Totalitarian Regimes: Fascist vs. Communist

“Social mobilization is the process of mobilizing all societal and personal influences with the aim of prompting individual, family, group or societal level action”

1. Traditional

2. Personalist/Charismatic

3. Unstable Pendulum Regimes

4. Administrative States/Organizational Bourgeoisie

5. Military Regimes

6. Mobilizing Regimes

Review of Distinctions

Marble Cake Layer Cake

Geographical- UnityCorporate- Democratic or Authoritarian

Ten Minutes

May 17, 2009 ... The accusations of corruption “hurts Pittsburgh,” said Mr. Ravenstahl, who has focused most of his attention on Mr. Dowd's attacks.

Impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle

In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse of public office for private gain.

1. Dysfunctionalism- The “Yes Minister” TV Series and Franz Kafka

2. Corruption and Culture-Robert Klitgaard (Claremont Graduate University)

3. Bashing Bureaucrats: Bob Miewald (University of Nebraska) and (Michael Barzeley, London School of Economics)

Yes Minister

The Bureaucracy as Controlling

a. The Perfect Library- No books checked out

b. Tied up in Red Tape- The red ribbon which ties up files in U.K.

c. Standard Operating Procedures

George Wallace”

“They are all burro crats”

Debates

Civil Service Reform: Exchequer

Administrative Reform- includes Parastatals

Structural Reforms- Organizational Focus

Policy Reforms- Focus on state functions

Organizational and Motivational Reforms

1. Shortage of Skilled Professionals

2. Structures Imported and “imitative” of classical European Structures

3. Personalization of public sector actions

4. Formalism rather than realism

5. Lack of Operational opportunity

1. Detailed monthly budget approvals

2. Centrally-driven strategic planning

3. Powerful staff members with no line responsibility

4. Many-layered approval procedures

5. Many-layered, strictly observed payment bands

6. Rigid status symbols

7. Hefty corporate manuals and "bibles"

1. “Sala” and the Iron Triangle”

2. Satisficing, incrementalism and budget reform

3. Oversight Failure: Press, Civil Society and Legislature (Transparency)

4. Public goods Failures- Explains Corruption

5. Rent Seeking

6. Free Rider Problems

7. Bureaucratic pathologies Video

A Multi-functional Room

Is Corruption Contextual?

Nicholas Lemann, The Great Black Migration

George Orwell, Shooting the Elephant

Huey P. Long and “All the King’s Men”

Jim Mayfield, Go to the People

New Book: Isabel Wilkerson The Warmth of Other Suns, her massive and masterly account of the Great Migration.

Orwell last row, third from the left Alice Huie and James

Yen

Robert Penn Warren Huey P. Long

Louisiana or Italy? Is He Willy Stark?

V. S. Naipaul, In a Free State

Robert Penn Warren, All the King’s Men

Daniel Okrent, Last Call

C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite

James Lemman, The Black Migration