PI at MITPI at MIT

Christopher RussoChristopher RussoMIT Cogeneration MIT Cogeneration ProjectProjectMIT Energy LaboratoryMIT Energy Laboratorycrusso@mit.educrusso@mit.edu

PI Users ConferencePI Users Conference23 March 199823 March 1998

TopicsTopics

• Overview of the cogeneration projectOverview of the cogeneration project• Why and where are we using PI?Why and where are we using PI?• Combustion development and tradeoff Combustion development and tradeoff

analysisanalysis• Integrating PI with MITnet & the InternetIntegrating PI with MITnet & the Internet• PI in the classroomPI in the classroom• Some thoughts on distributed information in Some thoughts on distributed information in

the electric power industrythe electric power industry• The future of PI at MITThe future of PI at MIT

BackgroundBackground

• Cogen plant supplies about 85% of MIT’s Cogen plant supplies about 85% of MIT’s electrical and thermal power for internal electrical and thermal power for internal useuse

• Energy reliability is critical to research Energy reliability is critical to research and development at MITand development at MIT

• Combustor designed by MIT Combustion Combustor designed by MIT Combustion Research Facility and ABBResearch Facility and ABB

• Landmark court case for stranded asset Landmark court case for stranded asset charges during restructuringcharges during restructuring

Cogeneration Plant StatisticsCogeneration Plant Statistics

• CTG, HRSG, 4 Boilers, 8 Chillers, 3 CTG, HRSG, 4 Boilers, 8 Chillers, 3 Substations, 2 satellite plantsSubstations, 2 satellite plants

• 21 MW(e), 136 MW(t) Output 21 MW(e), 136 MW(t) Output • 250 kpph (32 kg/s) Process Steam 250 kpph (32 kg/s) Process Steam • 9.5 MW of Chilling9.5 MW of Chilling• Westinghouse WDPF DCSWestinghouse WDPF DCS• Overall Efficiency > 85%Overall Efficiency > 85%

Why did MIT choose PI?Why did MIT choose PI?

• Traditional process data logging and Traditional process data logging and reporting functionsreporting functions

• Needed to track costs and consumption for Needed to track costs and consumption for government fundinggovernment funding

• Support for development work at plantSupport for development work at plant• Integration of plant into academic Integration of plant into academic

communitycommunity• MITnet-compliant securityMITnet-compliant security• PI first installed in August 1997PI first installed in August 1997

Some Benefits So FarSome Benefits So Far

• Increased process knowledgeIncreased process knowledge• CTG Combustion process optimizationCTG Combustion process optimization• Improved outage schedulingImproved outage scheduling• Predictive load (random walk, regression, Predictive load (random walk, regression,

etc.) and performance modelingetc.) and performance modeling• ““Democratization” of plant informationDemocratization” of plant information• Greater collaboration with academic Greater collaboration with academic

communitycommunity

Utilities Metering ProjectUtilities Metering Project

• Federal research funding must be Federal research funding must be allocated precisely to research centersallocated precisely to research centers

• MIT contains 85+ buildings and hundreds MIT contains 85+ buildings and hundreds of energy flow metersof energy flow meters

• Local information transmission from PLC Local information transmission from PLC and multiple API nodes through MITnetand multiple API nodes through MITnet

• Integration with MIT SAP RolloutIntegration with MIT SAP Rollout• Our vision: One integrated energy Our vision: One integrated energy

information system for the entire campusinformation system for the entire campus

EV Combustion PrinciplesEV Combustion Principles

• Promote stratified flow Promote stratified flow zones and varying zones and varying residence timesresidence times

• Maintain flame core Maintain flame core temperature in proper temperature in proper rangerange

• Maintain flame stabilityMaintain flame stability• A “MIMO” non-linear A “MIMO” non-linear

process problemprocess problem

Collaborative work with ABBCollaborative work with ABB

• ABB engineers in ABB engineers in Dättwil, Switzerland Dättwil, Switzerland and Finspäng, and Finspäng, Sweden are using PB Sweden are using PB and DL to access dataand DL to access data

• Access to PI real-time Access to PI real-time through Internet through Internet allows faster solution allows faster solution and in-depth and in-depth evaluation of evaluation of problemsproblems

““Pattern Factor” MappingPattern Factor” Mapping

• Allows visualization Allows visualization of data that wasn’t of data that wasn’t previously possiblepreviously possible

• Easy to compare Easy to compare with predictive with predictive modelsmodels

• Access to more Access to more data opened data opened provided some provided some answers, but more answers, but more questionsquestions

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Typical Parametric AnalysisTypical Parametric Analysis

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Multi-Attribute Tradeoff AnalysisMulti-Attribute Tradeoff Analysis

• Not optimization or weighted criteria analysisNot optimization or weighted criteria analysis• Most models are complex, expensive, and Most models are complex, expensive, and

time-intensivetime-intensive• The “brute force” method of data analysisThe “brute force” method of data analysis• Can be expanded from simple example to n-Can be expanded from simple example to n-

dimensional and advanced gradient analysis dimensional and advanced gradient analysis (Matlab)(Matlab)

• Maybe there’s a better way...Maybe there’s a better way...

Finding the “Tradeoff Frontier”Finding the “Tradeoff Frontier”NOx

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Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> WisdomData -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom

PI in the ClassroomPI in the Classroom

• Integration with the academic community Integration with the academic community was a goal of the plant from the startwas a goal of the plant from the start

• Website first provided a “virtual tour” of Website first provided a “virtual tour” of the plant to students and faculty - PI adds the plant to students and faculty - PI adds another element to thisanother element to this

• Processbook is being provided to Processbook is being provided to students and faculty to explore the plantstudents and faculty to explore the plant

• Working on bringing smaller Mini-PI Working on bringing smaller Mini-PI systems into the labssystems into the labs

PI and MITnet SecurityPI and MITnet Security

• Secure access to data could not be Secure access to data could not be assured through X-Windows and DCS assured through X-Windows and DCS connectionsconnections

• Multi-step processMulti-step process– Use standard PI security– Plug standard NT holes in the gateway machine– Enable built-in port restrictions in NT

• Be careful of CGI holes!Be careful of CGI holes!

Future of PI Network SecurityFuture of PI Network Security

• ““Project Pismere” - MIT’s initiative to Project Pismere” - MIT’s initiative to integrate NT with Athenaintegrate NT with Athena

• Kerberos security framework to be Kerberos security framework to be implemented in NT5 - private key implemented in NT5 - private key authentication mechanismauthentication mechanism

• PI + NT security + Kerberos + Athena = PI + NT security + Kerberos + Athena = One integrated campus-wide security One integrated campus-wide security architecturearchitecture

Web Integration EffortsWeb Integration Efforts• LimitationsLimitations

– No ActiveX, mixed environment (Unix), security No ActiveX, mixed environment (Unix), security concernsconcerns

– The “vanilla” approachThe “vanilla” approach• Current MethodCurrent Method

– PI -> “Standard” CGI (cgic) -> httpd PI -> “Standard” CGI (cgic) -> httpd – VB + WinCGI, but a dead standardVB + WinCGI, but a dead standard

• Future IntegrationFuture Integration– Authoring of Perl extension to PI APIAuthoring of Perl extension to PI API– ODBC web access - much easier!ODBC web access - much easier!

Drivers for Distributed InformationDrivers for Distributed Information

• Restructured electrical markets require Restructured electrical markets require wide dissemination of real-time datawide dissemination of real-time data

• Transaction Management Systems:Transaction Management Systems:– The “virtual marketplace” for electricityThe “virtual marketplace” for electricity– Must integrate elements of security, Must integrate elements of security,

financial and scheduling functions in financial and scheduling functions in real-timereal-time

The Distributed UtilityThe Distributed Utility

• Distributed resources require real-time Distributed resources require real-time information to be effectiveinformation to be effective

• Applications for “Mini-PI” nodes:Applications for “Mini-PI” nodes:– Smart metering and RTP applications– Electricity and energy storage installations

• Real-time, nodal and zonal pricingReal-time, nodal and zonal pricing– Sophisticated data analysis tools (OPF,

DCLF analysis) need solid data behind them

IT in the Restructured IndustryIT in the Restructured Industry

• Competitive generation means lower Competitive generation means lower capital expenditures more efficient capital expenditures more efficient utilizationutilization

• Game theory depends on informed Game theory depends on informed knowledge of optionsknowledge of options

• System security will be impeded without System security will be impeded without accurate knowledge of system conditionsaccurate knowledge of system conditions

• More customers + more consumers = More customers + more consumers = need for more informationneed for more information

The Future of PI at MITThe Future of PI at MIT

• Further development of the web interfaceFurther development of the web interface• Efforts to integrate PI into sophisticated Efforts to integrate PI into sophisticated

tools - Matlab, Mathcad, etc.tools - Matlab, Mathcad, etc.• Development of SAP/PI bridgeDevelopment of SAP/PI bridge• Further “brainwashing!”Further “brainwashing!”• Integration with NT5/KerberosIntegration with NT5/Kerberos• ……who knows?who knows?

Contact InformationContact Information

Web:Web:http://cogen.mit.eduhttp://cogen.mit.edu

E-mailE-mailcrusso@mit.educrusso@mit.edu

Questions?Questions?