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Assoc. prof. MVDr. Šimon Vaculín, Ph.D. PHYSIOLOGY introduction and history. Structure and FUNCTION. Department of physiology , Ke Karlovu 4, Praha 2. Syllabus. General structure of unit. Recommended literature. Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Assoc. prof. MVDr. Šimon Vaculín, Ph.D.
Department of physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, Praha 2
1. unit 6 weeks
Locomotion
2. unit 1 week Blood
3. unit 3 weeks
GIT
4. unit 2 weeks
Respiration
5. unit 3 weeks
Kidney
Unit
lectures
classes
seminary (tests, essays)
conference
Final test/oral exam
Ganong WF. Review of medical physiology Silbernagl S, Despopoulos A. Color atlas of
physiology Guyton & Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology
Rokyta et al. Practical Courses on Physiology. CD
Unit 1 – Locomotion (6 weeks) Running exams Structure
Bones of extremities – oralJoints of extremities – oral Axial sceleton – oralskull – oral
FunctionSeminary Tests
Final Exams Structure and Function
Final Test
Unit 2 – Blood (1 week) Running exams Function
Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function
Final Test
Unit 3 – GIT (3 weeks) Running exams Function
Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function
Final Test
Unit 4 – Respiration (2 weeks) Running exams Function
Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function
Final Test
Unit 5 – Kidney (3 weeks) Running exams Function
Seminary Tests Final Exams Structure and Function
Final Oral Exam
Unit 6 – Topography autopsy of extremities
Final Exams Structure
Final Oral Exam
Trials/terms 1st terms – at the end of the unit
2nd term – during winter exan period (17th week)3th term – during summer exam period4th term – in September
WinterStructure Histological slides – oral examination Structure and Function Passing units 1-6 Attendance on classes (80 %)
75-80 % - 5-pages research report on given topic
<75 % - not possible to get credit !!!
Winter credit Summer credit Signing for an exam on SIS
Terms/trials of Exam 1. Term regular (after obtaining
boths credits)2. Term – 2 weeks after the 1st3. Term – 2 weeks after the 2nd
Physiology human-animal-plantar technical-genaral-medical
Actuall interest neurophysiology
Experimental approach
surgical (epinephrectomy) pharmacological
(naloxon) exercise (ergometer) stimulation (MCS)
electrophysiological (EEG, EKG, EMG)
behavioral (vF, water maze, plantar test)
analytical (concentration of substances)
clinical (BP, spirometry, hematology)
imaging (RTG, PET, fMRI, immunohistology)
Hippocrates (460 – 370 BC), created an intellectual and philosophical atmosphere that laid the foundation for use of animals
for experimental Aristoteles (384-322 BC), founder of biology, dissections
demonstrated the internal differences among animals.
Erasistratus (304-250 BC) founder of physiology, animal
experiments similar to recent experiments. Studied the cerebrum,
cerebellum, nerves, and the valves of the heart.
Galen (130-200) dissections of all kinds of animals, what he saw
mistakenly applied to the human body. left heart and the arteries
contained air, the blood being generated in the liver
Vesalius (1511-1564) founder of modern anatomy, used animals in
public anatomical demonstrations during the Renaissance
the first to implement the scientific method to solve biological problems
complete fall of Galen's system and a revolution in physiology
physicschemistryPHYSIOLOGY or medicine literatureeconomic
peace
Russian physiologist
Heart, liver, circulation, secretion in GIT
Psychological secretion – contitioned reflexes
Italian patologist Neuroanatomy
(AgNO3) Types of
Neurones and junctions (G. cells)
Nominated for NC 6 times, awarded with Cajal
French physiologist and surgeon
Transplpantation (vessel suturing)
1912 chicken myocardium lives for 27 years
insulinDog pancreas1920 isolation of
substance containing insulin
1st aplication to diabetic patient
Dutch physiologist
Registration fo ECG
String galvanometry
Austrian pathologist
Blood groups ABO 1940 discovery of
Rh factor Blood transfusion
during World War First
English physiologist
Function of synapse
Spinal reflexesProprioception
Neurogram (nerves types A, B, C)
Propagation of action potential
Registration of electrical changes on nerves
English microbiologist
Discovery of antibiotics incidentally – bread went to moldy, no grow of bacterias around
1928 publication Milestone in
medicine
Born in Prague Studied at Medical School of the German
University of Prague for their discovery of the course of the
catalytic conversion of glycogen
Australian physiologist
Role of ionts on membrane
plasticity Action potential Intracellular
recording Honorary
Professor of Third Medical Faculty
N.P. with Hodgkin and Huxle
American physiologistsDiscovery of G-protein and its role in
cell signalization
Jiří Procháska (1749-1820) – description and definition of reflexes and synapse
Jan Jánský (1873-1921)Discovery of blood groups
organs of sense muscles and nerves the ciliary movement of the epithelium of the mucous
membrane the structure of the nerve-fibre (axis-cylinder) of the ganglia the glands secreting gastric juice the sympathetic nervous system embryogenesis (discovery of the germinal spot).
Purkinje cells, Purkinje fibers
demonstrated experimentally the role of thyroid hormones inthe metamorphosis of amphibia
discovered the protein ferritine was successful in isolating insulin,
studied the structure of cells, etc.
he became one of the pioneers of experimental neuroendocrinology
the discovery of thyreotropin releasing hormone (TRH) demonstrating the existence and isolation of TRH
before Schally and Guillemin (who received the Nobel Prize 1977 for this discovery)
named amongst these zakladatel experimentální neuroendokrinologie
Some examples of benefits: Polio: development of a
vaccine using non-human primates and mice.
Diabetes: discovery of insulin using dogs and fish.
Rh Factor: discovery using non-human primates.
Small Pox: cause and discovery of a vaccine using cows.
Rabies: cause and discovery of a vaccine using of dogs and rabbits.