tutorial 6

Prodi Teknik IndustriFakultas Teknologi IndustriUniversitas Islam IndonesiaTahun Ajaran2016/2017

MOTION STUDY

PHYSIOLOGY AND WORK MEASUREMENT

www.labdske-uii.com

MOTION STUDY 2016

WORK TIME MEASUREMENT(MOTION STUDY)

A. DESCRIPTIONMotion study is analysis that conducted on body movement of workers to do their work . It is

expected that the movements are not effective can be reduced or even eliminated so that it

will obtain savings in labor time, which in turn can also save on the usage of the facilities

available in such work (Sutalaksana,1979). This technique is developed by Gilberth in motion

study techniques (Maynard, 1971). An expert who has developed the movement study is

Frank B. Gilberth and his wife that classifies motion in 17 basic movements, it can be called

Therblig. Most Therblig movement are basic hand movements. It is easy to understand

because in every production job, hand movement is a movement that is often encountered,

especially in jobs that are manual (Sutalaksana,1979).

Objectives1. Introduce to students about motion study and application of measurement by analyzing

the elements of the working movement. 2. Students can identify movement elements and analyze effective and ineffective

movement. 3. Students able to recommend movement that are not needed (ineffective) by worker and

give recommendation based on redesign layout, workstation and so on.

B. INPUT DAN OUTPUT

Input: a) Video

Output:a) Movement Analysis

C. THEORY

1. Motion Study

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 1

MOTION STUDY 2016

Motion study is analysis that conducted on body movement of workers to do their work.

An expert who has developed the movement study is Frank B. Gilberth and his wife that

classifies motion in 17 basic movements, it can be called Therblig (Sutalaksana, 1979).

Variety of Therblig can be explained as following explanation below (Wignjosoebroto,

1995):

A.

Effective Motion1. Grasp (G).

In simplest terms, Grasp is when the worker’s hand

grabs the object. The Therblig ends when the next

Therblig, of Use or Transport Loaded, begins. It is

movement by finger closed to object in work process.

Holding is the element that is classified as effective

therblig movement that normally can not be

eliminated but it can be improved in several casess.

2. Transport Empty Reach is movement of the hand freely. This

movement is classified as an element

Therblig effective and difficult to remove the

whole of a work cycle.

3. Transport Loaded

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 2

MOTION STUDY 2016

The hand is doing “work” by moving the

weight of an object and ends when just before

the Release Load, Use or Assemble Therbligs.

Elements including motion brought Therblig

effective so it is difficult to avoid.

4. Release Load (RL)This element occurs when the operator releases

the object that held before. Effective therblig

elements can be improved.

5. Pre-Position (PP)Pre-position is the initial effective movement, it

is directing the object to certain place so that when the positioning movement is done

by worker, it can make position directly.

6. Assembly (A).Assemble is Therblig movement element for

connecting objects into one part. This element is

effective Therblig element that can not be

eliminated but it can be improved.

7. Disassembly (DA).Here performed separate movement or parse the

two objects incorporated into separate objects. This included effective therbligh

movement.8. Use (U).

Using is an effective Therblig, it can be one or both

hands are used to put on / control a tool for on work

process.

B. Ineffective Motion1. Search (S)

Search is basic elements of movement in order to determine the location of an object.

The motion was started when the eye moves to the object and ends when object has

been found. This is ineffective therblig.

2. Selecting (SE)

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 3

MOTION STUDY 2016

Selecting is an element Therblig movement to choose an object among several

objects. Selecting elements are included in the motion Therblig ineffective.

3. Positioning (P).Positioning is displacement of the object from

the beginning to the exact position and ends

when the object is ready assembled. This motion

elements is ineffective therblig.

4. Inspect (I)This element can be used to inspect that the object has on the quality requirements

specified or not. These elements include elements Therblig ineffective.

5. Unavoidable Delay (UD)

This Therblig is measured from the point where a hand is inactive to the point where

it becomes active again, with another Therblig. These delays were defined by Gilbreth

as being out of the control of the particular worker being done. They could involve a

lack of raw materials being available or repair of a tool, etc. This condition is caused

by problems that is out of operator control in work. This is ineffective therbligh

movement.

6. Avoidable Delay (D).

This counterpart to Unavoidable Delay involves inactive time the worker encounters

over which he/she has control. For example, if the worker is required to do

inspections of their tools and report problems, and the result is a tool that breaks in the

middle of the shift, the worker is responsible for the delay.Avoidable Delays can also occur with an individual hand or body part, which

remains idle while another is working harder than needed. For example, if the person

is Selecting parts for Assembly, exclusively with one hand, while the other remains

idle, the work is not only slowed, but the hand being used is becoming more fatigued.

In many cases, the solution, in the use of both hands, can be solved by encouraging

the worker to become more ambidextrous.This activity shows an unproductive

situation conducted by the operator so that corrective / mitigation needs to be done is

more directed to the operator without having to change the other work processes. This

includes movement therbligh ineffective.

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 4

MOTION STUDY 2016

7. Plan (PL)

This element is a mental process by operator that stops working for a several times

and think about what he/she has to be done on the next step. This includes the

ineffective therbligh.

8. Hold (H)Dr. Barnes said this Therblig was “…the retention of an object

after it has been grasped, [with] no movement of the object

taking place.” To clarify, we can call Hold a Grasp, of an

object, occurring in one hand, while the other hand performs a

Use or Assemble function. This element occurs if the element

holding the object without moving the object. It is ineffective

element that can be eliminated by using a tool to hold the object.

9. Rest to Overcome Fatigue (R).

This element does not occur in any cycle will work but take place periodically. This

includes movement therbligh ineffective.

2. Economic Movement PrincipleEconomic movement principles are used to design work systems with labor movements

correctly and economically (saving energy and time). According to Ralph Barnes (1980)

there are three principles in economics movement, namely:a. Movement related to human bodyb. Movement related to workplace layoutc. Movement related the design of equipmentThe explanation of three principles can be explained as following explanation below:a. Movement related to human body

1. Both of hands should begin and end together.2. Both of hands should not be idle at the same time unless for taking a rest.3. The movement of both hands would be easier, if one to other is move

symmetrically and in opposite movement.4. Body movement or hand should be move naturally.5. Workers should be able to use the momentum on their work, it can reduce to

minimize force compression on muscles.6. Move smoothly without any lag and not too much changing on direction.7. Ballistic movements are faster, fun and accurate of the movement controlled.

(Ballistic movement is a large movement, thus the worker can be able to use a lot

of power optimally)

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 5

MOTION STUDY 2016

8. It should be designed easy work follow the rhythm of the natural rhythm of

workers.9. Minimize the eye movement.

b. The principles of movement related to workplace layout settings: 1. Should be arranged so that the equipment and raw materials can be taken on certain

and fixed place. 2. Materials and equipment are placed that is easy, fast and comfort to be reached. 3. Material storage areas are designed to utilize the principle correctly will make easy

for worker to do the work. It can save energy and costs. 4. The finished object distribution designed well. 5. The materials and equipment should be placed correctly. Thus, the movements can

effective and efficiently in work process. 6. Redesign the workplace such as the high chair so it can be comfort to be used.

c. The economic principles of movement related to design of equipment: 1. Hands should be specialized when use tools that can be operated by foot. It can be

improved. 2. Equipment should be designed as multifunction equipment. 3. Equipment should be designed as easy to be used in holding and storing. 4. The load must be distributed evenly in accordance to the strength of the fingers, if

the finger does the work by itself. 5. Equipment such as a bar should be designed ergonomically so the body can use in

good position and minimum effort.

D. PRAKTICUM1. Equipment

a. Video reorderLaboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 6

MOTION STUDY 2016

b. Assembly equipmentc. Assembly material

2. Flowchart of Practicum

E. REFERENSI

Barnes, R.M., 1980. Motion and Time Study, Design and Measurement of Work. Wiley.Maynard, H.B., 1971. Industrial Engineering Handbook. New York:Mc Graw Hill

Niebel, B.W. & Freivalds, Andris., 1999. Methods Standard and Work Design. Mc Graw

Hill, New York.

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 7

MOTION STUDY 2016

Salvendy, G. (Ed.) (2001). Handbook of Industrial Engineering: Technology and

Operations Management, third edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.

Sutalaksana, I.Z., Anggawisastra, R. & Tjakraatmadja, J.H., 1979. Teknik Tata Cara

Kerja. ITB, Bandung.Wignjosoebroto, S., 1989. Teknik Tata Cara dan Pengukuran Kerja. Edisi Kedua, PT.

Guna Widya, Jakarta.

Wignjosoebroto, S., 1995. Ergonomi, Studi Gerak dan Waktu. Edisi pertama. Jakarta:

Penerbit PT. Guna Widya.

Laboratorium Desain Sistem Kerja & Ergonomi | 8

www.labdske-uii.com

Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe,

and those who have been granted knowledge

QS 58:11