PHYSIOLOGICAL APPARATUS Daos, Czarina

2GPH

BATTERY •-source of current •-Binding Posts (- & +) – where connecting wires are attached •Types of Current: 1. Direct/ Galvanic/ Constant 2. Induced/ Faradic/ Pulsating •Types of battery: 1. Dry 2. wet

SIMPLE KEY •switch •-Binding Posts (- & +) – where connecting wires are attached •Types : 1. New simple key-uses metal or

fibre glass as its base 2. Old simple key-uses wood as its

base •Parts: 1. Binding posts– where

connecting wires are attached 2. Contact metal- produces the

make or brake current

OLD SIMPLE KEY

NEW SIMPLE KEY

KYMOGRAPH •Apparatus for recording a) Physiological function (muscle

contraction) b) Daily Temperature changes c) Variations in water level •Types : 1. Spring driven kymograph 2. Electrically driven kymograph •Parts: a) Drum b) Shaft c) Plunger d) Base e) Kymograph paper

SPRING DRIVEN KYMOGRAPH •Smoke writing •Control: Variable Sized Fan (smaller fan= faster)

•Because there is lesser air resistance to encounter

•Smokey f lame: kerosene/ gum camphor

•Properly smoked are evenly and thinly covered w/ soot

•Fixative used: Shellac

ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN KYMOGRAPH •Preferred for long recording time anticipated •Control: Five motor control gear shift •More desirable

•Because it runs continuously and does not Require rewinding

KYMOGRAPH PAPER

•The exposed portion of the paper is the glazed portion •Its edges must be overlapping opposite on the direction of its turn

INDUCTORIUM •For controlling/ regulating the amt. of current that f lows in the circuit •Types: a) Long Inductorium b) Short/ Square

Inductorium • BOTH possessing 5

binding posts (3 Primary & 2

secondary)

Pt. of differnce Short Inductorium Long Inductorium

Calibration 1 - 10 1 – 22

Max. flow of

current 10 1

Single stimulus/

shock bp or A & B bp or A & C

Tetanizing series/

multiple/ repetitive

stimuli or shock

bp A & C bp A& B

INDUCTORIUM

SHORT/ SQUAREINDUCTORIUM

LONG INDUCTORIUM

ELECTRIC ST IMULATOR/ ELECTRIC CONVERTER •Alternative source of current •Current can be adjusted (3V- 12V) •Pre-setting to 9 NO ELETRICUTION •Used in place of: 1) Battery 2) Simple key 3) Inductorium NEVER let both ends to touch, it can cause a short circuit

SIGNAL MAGNET •Event marker •Records the time in seconds and the type of stimulus applied •Parts a) Electromagnet b) Writing pen c) Binding posts •Types: a) New b) Old

OLD SIGNAL MAGNET •Has 2 binding posts at the top

NEW SIGANL MAGNET •2 binding posts at its end part

2 Binding Posts

MUSCLE LEVER •Records the contraction of the muscle •2nd circuit •Types: a) Old b) New

OLD MUSCLE LEVER •After loading screw- controls the direction/ position of the writing pen •Writing pen- is made of hard parchment paper •Binding post is at the side

Writing Pen

After loading screw

NEW MUSCLE LEVER •Has 2 binding posts •Has 2 holes: 1) Before the bp – where the

writing pen’s holder is attached

2) After the bp- where a strong thread/ wire is attached to the gastrocrenious muscle

MUSCLE CLAMP •Used to hold the muscle in place •Has a bp Muscle contracts

Muscle relaxes

TUNING FORK •Records the time duration of muscle contraction •Creates 100 vibration/ second •Writing pen is attached to one of the prongs NOT an ELECTRICAL apparatus

PNEUMOGRAPH & TAMBOUR •Records the changes in the size of an object (i.e rib cage/ thoracic cage)

PNEUMOGRAPH •Rubber pleated tube & •Chain/ metal chain

Photo by: Catap, Maria

TAMBOUR •Bowl – shallow depression inside •Rubber sheet- covers the bowl; made up of Latex (a) •Tight fitting ring- secures the rubber sheet (b)

(a)

(b)

RUBBER MALLET/ REFLEX HAMMER •To study experiments on ref lexes •To test the integrity of the spinal cord in the lower back region

Used in the Joints

The (Pointed) end part hidden

Is used for checking sensitivity

STETHOSCOPE •Ear piece •Rubber tube connector •Chest pieces: 1) Shallow bell- with the

depression; detecting low frequency sounds

2) Stiff diaphragm- detects the high frequency sounds

EARPIECE

RUBBER

TUBE

Stiff diaphragm Shallow Bell

SPHYGMOMANOMETER •Measure the Blood Pressure (110-120/ 80) •Types: 1. Mercurial

sphygmomanometer 2. Aneroid sphygmomanometer 3. Digital sphygmomanometer

MERCURIAL SPHYGMOMANOMETER •MOST RELIABLE •Phased out due to the mercury content (very hard to store & dispose) •Mercury chamber /cylinder •Aspirator •Pressure cuff/ rubber cuff (ante cubital fossa)

ANEROID SPHYGMOMANOMETER •VERY SENSITIVE •Uses Dial

DIGITAL SPHYGMOMANOMETER •Too Expensive •Unreliable

SPYROMETER •Records diff. pulmonary vol & capacity •Calibration: up to 6 L( 100mL or 0.1L) •Recording in mL •Drum- placed inverted position in water