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Physical development
Dr Jeremy Jolley
Gross Motor 0-1 month
Primary reflexes, placing, primary walk, grip
Prone – turns head to one side
Limbs held in flexion Marked head lag
when pulled to sit
Gross motor 1-3 months
Prone – raises chin off floor Bottom gradually lower Knees straighten Rests on forearms
Supine – head in midline Hands brought together
in finger play (3/12) No head lag (3/12)
Three months
Gross motor: 3-6 months
Prone, support on extended arms, rests on hands
Reaches out for toy (4-5/12)Grasps feet (6/12)Holds arms out to be lifted (6/12)Sits with support (6/12)Held, takes weight on legs
Gross motor: 6-12/12
Reaches for and holds toys Pulls self to sit (7/12) Sits with support of own arm
(7/12) Sits with no support, reaches for
toy (8/12) Pulls to stand holding on but
cannot get down (10/12) Attempting to crawl (8/12) Cruises (stepping sideways)
(12/12) Can let self down from furniture Walks with hand held (11-12/12)
6 months
8 months
Gross motor: 12-15/12
Walks alone (13-14/12)
Kneels Crawls upstairs (not
downstairs)
12 months
14 months
Gross motor: 15-18/12
Walks as adult, runs (18/12) Pulls and pushes large
wheeled toy Crawls upstairs and
downstairs (backwards) Bends knees to pick up toy
from floor Backs into chair Climbs forward into adult
chair to sit
18 months
Gross motor: 2 years
Runs well, starting and stopping
Walks upstairs, two feet to a step
Climbs on furniture
Gross motor: 2½ years
Walks up and downstairs two feet to a step
Sits on cycle (no use of pedals)
2 ½ years
Gross motor: 3 years
Walks upstairs but downstairs two feet to a step
Can walk on tip-toe Stands on one foot Pedal cycle using
pedals
Gross motor: 4 years
Walks up and down stairs in adult fashion
Runs on tip-toe
Gross motor: 5 years
Runs up and down stairs
Stands on one foot with folded arms
Hops and skips on one foot
Age 6
Fine motor: 1/12
Eyes follow moving ball
Regards face
Fine motor: 3/12
Supine – finger play Holds toy but cannot
coordinate eyes and hands
Follows moving ball vertical and horizontal
Fine motor: 6/12
Supine: holds feet and brings to mouth
Grasps toy with both hands and brings to mouth
Palmer grasp and transfer
Fine motor: 9 months
Pokes toy Scissor grasp Begins to be able to
find toy hidden from sight
Fine motor: 1 year
Points Plays pat-a-cake Finds hidden toy
Fine motor: 15 months
Builds tower of two Carries doll while
walking Grasps crayon and
scribbles to and fro
Fine motor: 1½ years
Tower of three bricks
Fine motor: 2 years
Tower of 6-7 bricks Turns pages singly Uses cup safely
Fine motor: 2½ years
Copies a ‘V’ shape Uses preferred hand
Fine motor: 3 years
Copies circle and ‘V’ shape
Uses scissors
Fine motor: 4 years
Builds simple buildings with bricks
Fine motor: 5 years
Copies squares and crosses
Physical development
Dr Jeremy Jolley