PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER8th gr. Physical Science

Properties are used to identify a substance

  Physical properties are those

that can be observed using your five senses, without changing the identity of the substance

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

ColorShape/Structure- crystallineSizeSmellHardnessFreezing point, boiling point and

melting pointMagnetism- attraction or repulsion

to magnetsConductivity- electrical and thermal

MORE TO EXPLORE…

Conductivity- electrical and thermal #1

Luster- #1 Ductile- #2 Malleable- #2 Density- #3 Viscosity- #3 Opacity- #4 Transparency- #4 Solubility- #4

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Transparent- a material that allows light to pass through it (you can see through it)

Opaque- a material that does not allow light to pass through (you cannot see through it)

Solubility- the ability of a substance to dissolve into another or allow other substances to dissolve into it.

Density- the measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. D= m/v

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flow. Honey is more viscous than water.

Malleable- ability of a metal to be hammered into a shape or rolled into a thin sheet

Ductile- the ability of a metal to be drawn into a wire

Conductivity- property of a metal and alloys that allows heat or electricity to pass through them easily.

Luster- property of a metal and alloys that allows them to reflect light (SHINY)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Chemical properties: Properties that DO change that chemical nature of matter

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Heat of combustion -#1Flammability- #2pH- #3Reactivity- #4Corrosiveness- #2

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Heat of combustion- the temperature at which a material will combust or catch fire.

Flammability- the tendency of an object to burn (some object burn easily and are highly flammable, some objects do not burn and are not flammable.)

Corrosiveness- When a substance reacts with air or water and it breaks down (Rusting and tarnishing are examples)

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

pH- a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution using a scale that ranges from 0-14. 0-6.9 are acids (orange juice) 7 is neutral (water) 7.1-14 are bases (soap) The closer to 0 the more acidic The closer to 14 the more basic aka alkaline

Reactivity- the ease and speed at which an element or a compound will combine/react with other elements and compounds.

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Physical change takes place when a substance changes size, shape, or state of matter BUT a new substances is NOT formed.

PHYSICAL CHANGES

Examples:Paper

Rip itCrumple itShred itColor on itFold it

CHEMICAL CHANGES

Occurs when one or more substances change into a NEW substance

CHEMICAL CHANGES

Examples:Burning paperRusting a nailRot an appleEating an apple

INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGEGas is released (bubbles)

Heat is released (exothermic)

Heat is absorbed (endothermic)

Change in odor

Change in color

MORE INDICATORS

Light is given off

Sound is given off

Precipitate forms (When 2 liquids are added together and they form a solid)

HOW TO SEPARATE MATERIALS USING PHYSICAL MEANS:

Distillation- #1Filtration- #2Magnetism- #3Density- #4