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What is the difference between a clause and a phrase? Clause – a group of words that have a subject and a verb that must always agree Phrase – a noun, verb, or preposition with all its modifiers - does NOT have a subject and verb which agree
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Phrases and Clauses C. Putnam L. Raney What is the difference
between a clause and a phrase?
Clause a group of words that have a subjectand a verb that must
always agree Phrase a noun, verb, or preposition with allits
modifiers - does NOT have a subject and verb which agree Types of
Phrases Noun phrases Verb phrases Prepositional phrases
Appositive phrases Noun Phrase Definition: -A noun with all its
modifiers
-A complete subject is always classified as a noun phrase. Example:
The frustrated, irritated teachers... Noun:teachers Modifiers: the,
frustrated, irritated Verb Phrase Defined as a verb with all of its
modifiers EXAMPLE:
completely frightened the seventh grade students. Verb -frightened
Modifier - completely would like to improve her grammar skills.
Verb phrase - would like to improve Verbals Gerunds verbs that end
in ing but DO NOT function as a verb - function as nouns -
example:One teacher enjoys frightening new seventhgraders. (noun as
a direct object) Infinitives - verbs that begin with to - function
as a nouns, adjectives, or adverbs - example:The language arts
classroom is a place students do not want to enter. Participles -
verbs that function as an adjective - example: The screeching
teacher frightened the students. Prepositional Phrase preposition -
in Defined as the preposition,
the object of the preposition (preposition who or what), and all
its modifiers Example:The frustrated, irritated teachers enrolled
in Mr. Ruffs Grammar for Dummies class. preposition - in object of
the preposition -class modifiers Mr. Ruffs, Grammar for Dummies
Appositive Phrase Definition: A noun phrase that renames the noun
it
follows. Also known as a parenthetical phrase Example: Brad Ruff,
the grammar guru, empowers teachers. Appositive phrase? - the
grammar guru CLAUSES Definition: Words that contain a subject and a
verb
which must always agree. Two types of clauses: Independent Clause
Dependent Clause Independent Clause An independent clause MUST HAVE
a subjectand a verb which agree. Example: The frustrated, irritated
teachers finallyunderstood the basic grammar concepts. All the
words in an independent clause canact alone as a sentence. They are
a complete thought. Dependent Clause The subject and verb agree,
but the words CANNOTstand alone as a complete sentence. also known
as subordinate clause or relative clause Examples: since the
teachers seek proficiency in grammar which sheltered the children
from the storm Joining Clauses Clauses can be joined with:
Coordinating conjunctions (join two independent clauses) - AKA
FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Subordinating conjunctions
(join dependent clause to independent clause) Some examples: - if,
since, because, with, when, whether, while Relative Pronouns - who,
whose, whom, which, that - NOTE:If a relative pronoun is used to
begin a dependent clause,that pronoun also has a function within
the dependent clause.Itwill also have an antecedent in the
independent clause. Examples: coordinating conjunction:
- The busses lumbered along the boulevard, and the childreneagerly
looked for the first sight of Disneyland. subordinating
conjunction: The busses lumbered along the boulevard while the
childreneagerly looked for the first sight of Disneyland. Relative
pronoun: - The busses, which were slowly lumbering along
theboulevard, were filled with eager children looking for
theirfirst sight of Disneyland. Relative Pronouns: who, whose,
whom, which, that
WHO OR WHOM? WHO used as the subject of a clause WHOM used as an
object Direct object Indirect objects Object of a preposition
Example: Because the wind violently sliced through thebranches, the
toddler, who/whom wasterrified,joined its howling. - antecedent? -
function in the clause? Joining Clauses: Dependent Clause (with
subordinating conjunction)+ TWO Independent Clauses (with
coordinating conjunction)+Relative Clause (with relative pronoun)
While the frustrated teachers wereindustriously taking notes,they
relaxed,and the light bulbs went off in their brains,which
indicated miraculous understandingof the grammar concepts.
Combination of phrases and clauses determine FOUR TYPES OF
SENTENCES
# of # of Independent Clauses Dependent Clauses 2+ 0 1 1+ Type of
Sentence -Simple Sentence -Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence
-Compound/Complex Sentence