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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
ReactionReaction 6CO6CO2 2 + 6H+ 6H220 + light = C0 + light = C66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O2 2
Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to convert water and COto convert water and CO22 into O into O22 and and
high-energy sugarshigh-energy sugars Occurs in the chloroplastsOccurs in the chloroplasts
CHLOROPLAST CONTENTSCHLOROPLAST CONTENTS
chloroplasts contain chloroplasts contain grana grana (stacked plates)(stacked plates) grana made of grana made of thylakoidsthylakoids (flat plates) (flat plates) colorless substance between thylakoids is colorless substance between thylakoids is
stromastroma
ChlorophyllChlorophyll Pigment made by chloroplastsPigment made by chloroplasts Absorbs the sun’s energyAbsorbs the sun’s energy
Where do the Where do the “ingredients” come “ingredients” come from?from?
Water– rootsWater– roots
COCO22– into stomata from air– into stomata from air
Energy– from sunEnergy– from sun
6CO6CO2 2 + 6H+ 6H220 + light = C0 + light = C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22
ChloroplastChloroplast
In plant cells ONLYIn plant cells ONLY Contains chlorophyll, which makes it Contains chlorophyll, which makes it
greengreen Thylakoid, grana, stromaThylakoid, grana, stroma
ABSORPTION SPECTRUMABSORPTION SPECTRUM
RED/ORANGE, BLUE, VIOLET RED/ORANGE, BLUE, VIOLET RESPONSIBLE FOR RESPONSIBLE FOR PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
CHLOROPHYLL DOES NOT ABSORB CHLOROPHYLL DOES NOT ABSORB GREEN= WHY PLANTS ARE GREENGREEN= WHY PLANTS ARE GREEN
ONLY 1% OF SUNLIGHT IS USED IN ONLY 1% OF SUNLIGHT IS USED IN PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
Leaf PigmentsLeaf Pigments
Leaves contain chlorophyll, carotenoid Leaves contain chlorophyll, carotenoid (yellow & orange), and anthocyanin (reds (yellow & orange), and anthocyanin (reds & purples) pigments.& purples) pigments.
Paper ChromatographyPaper Chromatography
Observe the different pigments in a green Observe the different pigments in a green leaf.leaf.
PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
3 main events of photosynthesis:3 main events of photosynthesis: 1) absorption of light energy1) absorption of light energy 2) conversion of light energy into chemical 2) conversion of light energy into chemical
energyenergy 3) storage of chemical energy in sugars3) storage of chemical energy in sugars
6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + light = C0 + light = C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Light Reaction: ThylakoidLight Reaction: Thylakoid Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle): StromaDark Reaction (Calvin Cycle): Stroma
PhotosystemsPhotosystems
Clusters in thylakoids that contain Clusters in thylakoids that contain chlorophyllchlorophyll
BIOCHEMISTRY OF BIOCHEMISTRY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS: PHOTOSYNTHESIS: LIGHT REACTIONLIGHT REACTION
Light Reaction- in thylakoidLight Reaction- in thylakoid 1) Light absorbed by chlorophyll pigments 1) Light absorbed by chlorophyll pigments
in in photosystem IIphotosystem II… excites electrons… … excites electrons… electrons move down electrons move down electron transport electron transport chainchain toto photosystem Iphotosystem I
HH22O helps this happenO helps this happen Energy carriers- ATP & NADPH carry Energy carriers- ATP & NADPH carry
energy from light reaction to dark reactionenergy from light reaction to dark reaction Oxygen is producedOxygen is produced
REVIEW: LIGHT REVIEW: LIGHT REACTIONSREACTIONS
Reactants: HReactants: H220, sunlight energy0, sunlight energy
Products: OProducts: O22, ATP, NADPH, ATP, NADPH
6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + light = C0 + light = C66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22
BIOCHEMISTRY OF BIOCHEMISTRY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS: DARK PHOTOSYNTHESIS: DARK REACTIONREACTION Dark reaction (Calvin Cycle)- in stromaDark reaction (Calvin Cycle)- in stroma ATP and NADPH can’t store all their energy ATP and NADPH can’t store all their energy
for a long time, so uses them to make high-for a long time, so uses them to make high-energy sugars energy sugars
1) CO1) CO22 molecules enter from atmosphere… molecules enter from atmosphere…
2) Energy from NADPH and ATP combine 2) Energy from NADPH and ATP combine with carbon (from COwith carbon (from CO22) and produce glucose ) and produce glucose
Review: Dark ReactionReview: Dark Reaction
Reactants: COReactants: CO22, ATP, NADPH, ATP, NADPH
Products: GlucoseProducts: Glucose
Review: PhotosynthesisReview: Photosynthesis
Using your text, your notes, etc…Using your text, your notes, etc… Make a cartoon modeling the light and Make a cartoon modeling the light and
dark reactions of photosynthesisdark reactions of photosynthesis This cartoon should include graphics as This cartoon should include graphics as
well as textwell as text This should be for a student studying This should be for a student studying
photosynthesis in 8photosynthesis in 8thth grade. grade.