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PHOTOGRAPHY
We will evaluate these images with respect to three areas: FOCUS Is the subject matter in focus? EXPOSURE Is the photograph properly lit? COMPOSITION Is the subject matter interesting to view?
Ignoring these makes you repair images. Being aware of these, as you shoot, creates better
pictures and allows you opportunities to improve as you shoot and edit.
Focus
When you look at an image the sharpness or fuzziness make a
different to the message being received.
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Which of these 2 images is sharper?
Generally blurred images may be caused by not holding your camera properly or setting the controls incorrectly. While this can be repaired it is simpler and faster to shoot for sharpness…..
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ExposureThe images collected depend on light.
Too much light or to little light will remove detail. Correct exposure can focus your viewers attention
and connect one part of your image to another…
Does the dark background here focus you attention on the brighter areas?
Would this be a stronger image if the school was not loosing detail in the shadowed
areas?
Poor lighting often leads to flat, low contrast images….
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COMPOSITION
The difference between a snapshot and photograph.
The most important part of this course is learning to shoot with a goal in mind. This will guide all decisions for shooting and editing.
Composition defined All photos start with decisions about
how you see something.. What do you feel about it? Why is it important? How can you show a particular audience
more about your subject? Does each part of your picture tell more
about your main subject?
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Why do we see things? (6 s’s) We notice things
because of their: Size Shape Shadow
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Surface Spacing Speed
How do you create a pleasing arrangement of subject matter in the picture area?
Here is where you draw on ideas from the world of art and design.
Start with simplicity…
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Can shot angle simplify the background?
Can stepping forward simplify the foreground?Is the background too cluttered?
Elements of Composition
Simplicity Subject placement Balance Lines Perspective Rhythm/Pattern Framing Avoiding Mergers
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Your choices decide the quality of story you tell.
Simplicity Tell only one story
Secret of any good photographs Choose a subject that will lend
itself to a simple arrangement Explore all camera angles and
look beyond your subject and see what your camera does not see
Rotate your camera (framing) to see what it brings into or out of your shot.
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How are you holding your Camera?
Pictures of cities, houses, cars, boats, and other similar objects are normally captured as landscape frame….
Pictures of people are almost always more effective when they are taken vertically (portrait). This is assuming they are standing up and not part of
a large group. Be willing to try both focusing
on your story ….
Rule of thumb Remember if your subject is wider than tall, a horizontal format works best.
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Subject Placement Two guidelines can determine the ideal
location of the center of interest in composition: Rule of Thirds and Dynamic Symmetry
Rule of thirds (golden section) Achieve visual balance in a picture Will not work for every picture but for
those with a small focal point it makes a difference
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( Does the portrait framing allow the lines of the path and pole to add to the picture?)
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Subject Placement The Rule of Thirds
To create interest place the subject matter in one of the intersection points
Divide the photo area into thirds
Use the rest of the space to add information about your subject
Give moving subjects room to enter the picture.
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(note: the second person looking at the subject supports your
main story.)
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Subject Placement Dynamic Symmetry
Similar idea to the rule of thirds Diagonal determines points of intersection
Place subject matter at the points of intersection
Note how the sense of battle is built up here by the placement within the shot….
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Note how moving the lighthouse off center lets the sky and quiet sea give a feeling about the main subject. All parts of the image focus on the same subject….
Balance
The composition is said to be kept in balance by two methods
Formal or symmetrical balance Each side of the photo is equally weighted
Informal or asymmetrical balance Each side of the photo is weighted
differently
Balance Formal Informal
Informal balance can add a dynamic feel or energy to a shot.
Each choice of balance can tell a different story about the same subject.
Lines Lines serve three important
purposes in composition: They help carry the viewer’s eye
through the picture to the focal point They create strong feeling of depth and
create the illusion of the third dimension
They effectively divide the picture into well defined areas and help concentrate attention on the most important elements
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Lines Different lines also create
different feelings: Horizontal lines Vertical lines Converging lines Diagonal lines Curves
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Notice repetition in images as you would in good stories…..
Vertical Lines
powerful because they move upward
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Diagonal lines
Cover the most ground and carry the viewers eye through out the photo.
Energy is heightened with diagonals…
Converging lines
build a strong impression of depth Work toward Vanishing point where
lines may meet…
Curves Can be the longest
lines weaving through a picture
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Lines can be continuous or broken.
Lines that repeat gain strength just as the most important parts of a story are often repeated.
A crossing or opposing line, like the sun’s reflected light in this image, provides a contrast to the horizontal and dark lines in the water.
Framing Framing refers to creating acenter of interest with objects in the foreground or backgroundThe tree in the foreground builds
a sense of depth lets you shape the image inside the picture hints to the changes happening to the trees in the mid ground…
Using framing can gives a place for your viewer in the picture… cover distractions (things in a picture that take
away from your simple story)
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PerspectivePerspective- the illusion of the third dimension Photographer try to capture the third dimension in a two
dimensional format (flat screens or paper….). Common shapes that look larger in front and smaller further
back build a sense of depth.
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Perspective
Perspective can be achieved by using: Repeating or overlapping shapes Lines Balance Tone
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Avoid mergers Mergers are unplanned combining of foreground
and background Edge mergers are where people or object are cut
off by the edge of a picture Near mergers have objects blending together
creating distorted shapes Identify the mergers that confuse these stories…
Pictures courtesy of Kodak
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What can be done to create a sense of depth in a picture?
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How does your camera position focus your attention? Can landscapes focus different stories with camera angle?
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What effect can lines have to create a sense of calm or energy in a picture?
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Why should a photographer step closer or use a zoom lens?
How can framing with foreground or background objects add or take away from a shot?
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What are Dynamic Symmetry and Rule of Thirds?How do these techniques build a sense of energy in a picture?