Photographs Are No Longer Things, They're Experiences | WIRED

8/18/2019 Photographs Are No Longer Things, They're Experiences | WIRED

1/17

PHOTOGRAPHS ARE NO LONGER THINGS, THEY’RE EXPERIENCES

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O SAY THAT digital cameras have profoundly changed photography is both true and cliché. But few

f the regurgitaters of the idea can tell you exactly how. Stephen Mayes, director of VII Photo Agency,

s one of those few.

He argues that the rise of digital changed the very nature of photography by moving it from a fixed

mage to a fluid one. The swift pace at which we create images is only matched by the pace at which

we discard them and yet, paradoxically, we’ve never been more engaged with images. Photography is

ess about document or evidence and more about community and experience … and that’s not a bad

hing.

http://www.viiphoto.com/


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This article is part of a series of interviews with movers and shakers in the photography industry.

More …

The way we relate to imagery is changing,” says Mayes, who thinks the pace of change is

stonishing. Fortune magazine reported in September 2012 that “10% of all photos ever taken were

hot in 2011.” That same month, Mark Zuckerberg said Instagram, just shy of two years in existence,

urpassed 100 million users. Instagram users, who are signing up a rate of one per second, have taken

ver one billion images with the app. Such frenzied activity will account for some but not all of of the

50 million images uploaded to Facebook every day.

Mayes suggests that comparing this new fluid image to the old fixed image is like calling an

utomobile a horseless carriage. We’re trying to define the new in terms of the old to the detriment

f understanding its potential and unique attributes. Wired sat down with Mayes to talk about

onnectedness, professional use of filter apps, facial recognition and monetizing Instagram.

Wired: Why are we talking about cellphone photography?

tephen Mayes: I think cellphone photography marks the transforming moment.

he transition from analog to digital photography was a pivot point, but it is a pivot that wasn’t fully

ecognized in that working with these large DSLR cameras we’ve been able to mimic [analog]

hotography as we know it.

he cellphone is a pretty pure implementation of the digital phenomenon.

Wired: How so?

Mayes: There are theoretical differences between analog and digital, but essentially it comes down to

he fixed image and the fluid image. Analog photography is all about the fixed image to the point that

xing is part of the vocabulary. The image doesn’t exist until it is fixed. It can be multiplied,eproduced and put in different contexts but it is still a fixed image.

he digital image is entirely different; it is completely fluid. You think about dialing up the color

alance on the camera, there’s no point at which the image is fixed. That fluidity cascades out from

hat point – issues of manipulation and adjustments are obvious and rife. More importantly than that,

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mages now live in a digital environment. Given that an image is defined by its context it exists in a

erpetually fluid environment in which the context is never fixed. Images’ meanings morph, move

nd can exist in multiple places and meanings at one time. Fred Ritchin, professor of photography

nd imaging at NYU describes it as “Quantum imagery.” Digital photography is anything and

verything at any single moment; it has contradictory meanings all at once.

What the cellphone does is it takes all the attributes of digital and magnifies them.

Wired: How did you arrive at that conclusion?

Mayes: The photographers of VII meet once a year to talk about business and it is always serious

tuff. Last year, at a certain point, they started snapping each other with their cellphones and posting

he images to Facebook. They were trying to make each other look silly and adding little jokes. The

utside world shared the experience and it was all very amusing.

At the end of the session I said to them, “I’ve seen two things here that I’ve never seen before. It’s the

rst time I’ve seen you have fun with photography and laughing while you take pictures.” The second

hing I said was, “The images you were making weren’t documents; they weren’t for record. They

were just a stream; just an experiential process.”

art of the experience of being at that meeting was making and posting those images. Then, the

econd wave of comments would follow, then it is washed over and two days later it’s gone.

saw really earnest documentary photographers who, had you put 35mm cameras in their hands,

would’ve suddenly been about level horizons and juxtaposing foregrounds and backgrounds. None of

hat; this process was completely unselfconscious, fun and experiential. It had nothing to do with the

hotography that they usually make, to the point that they didn’t realize they were making pictures!

ince then we’ve seen them apply the cellphone in serious photojournalism contexts – Ron Haviv in

ibya for example.

he casual nature of making the image is transformative for the photographer and the photographed.

on talks about when, in Libya, he chose not to take his cameras with him, he became invisible. All

he fighters had cellphones too and were taking photos. Ron was just another person snapping away.

Wired: Is cellphone photography a new genre? Does it have specific characteristics like “street

hotography” for example which we think of as a genre with specific attributes – Leicas, strong

ontrasts inlight and shadow and stolen moments?

Mayes: If you think about the number of photographs in the world, the number that is taken byhotojournalists as documents is so small as to be insignificant. The cellphone image exists as part of

streaming process.

eople aren’t using the cellphone to document a wedding [to make images] that in 30 years time

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hey’ll pull out and show their grandchildren. It’s about posting it on social media for immediate

eaction.

eter DiCampo is working on a project called Everyday Africa. He’s looking at the positive and the

pbeat. There’s the arguments that photography in Africa focuses on the negative so he’s challenging

ome of that with his work. He’s been living in Ghana for three years now so he’s rooted in Africa.

eter’s doing very interesting projects but they’re like other photojournalism from Africa – very

efined and very sculpted.

n between projects, he’s running around making photographs of inconsequential

moments for Everyday Africa – people putting nail polish on, people in elevators or people picking up

coffee. I’ve never been to Africa but I’ve seen a gazillion pictures of Africa. Looking at Peter’s

mages, I’m suddenly seeing Africa in a way I’d never appreciated it before.

We tend to understand technologies in terms of what went before – famously we referred to the

utomobile, at first, as the horseless carriage. We are going through this same process with the

ellphone. We keep trying to contextualize it in the old medium and with old terms. A print exhibition

rings the new image making back to the old methods of presentation.

Also, note how a lot of the visual filters are about nostalgia for the image. We’re embracing theellphone, but desperately trying to link it to what we know, our histories and what is familiar.

Meanwhile, the object itself is taking us into completely different areas. The unselfconsciousness of it

s key. While everyone is looking at aspects, the Instagram filter, whatever it might be, actually

omething bigger is happening behind our backs.

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6/17

Wired: And what is that “something bigger”?

Mayes: The way we relate to imagery is changing. Our new relationship is less about witness,

vidence and document and much more about experience, sharing, moment and streaming. The

ellphone is a harbinger for something hugely significant.

or example, the Japanese Tsunami was essentially documented by people experiencing the

sunami. You had these incredibly graphic images of water coming up people’s leg as they scrambled

o higher ground and you were in there in an extraordinary way. I haven’t seen those pictures

eproduced much since. Since then, I have seen the professional photojournalists’ studies and

nterpretations. I’ve seen analysis.

Wired: Donald Weber went in.

http://donaldweber.com/post-atomic/fukushima-exclusion-zone/


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Mayes: And made some good work. James Nachtwey and plenty of people of note have done it. But

heirs is a very different type of photography.

When I think of the Tsunami, I think of the images of water washing up around the [cellphone]

hotographers’ legs. That was very much an experiential thing – it wasn’t a live stream but it was as

ear as. The waters had barely subsided and I was viewing those images.

imilarly, of Syria. “Really, someone brought out their cellphone at this moment and brought me this

lose to the action?” We’re seeing images, again, not quite real time, but damn near it. Seeing them

he day of. That closeness, that intimacy, that streaming nature of information; that’s a pivotal point

when I talk about our changing relationship with the image, it is shifting our expectations of what we

re looking at.

Wired: Why are people so averse to cellphone imagery? Damon Winter’s on The New York Times’

ront page? Why are they suspicious of the Lowy Lens or of Foreign Policy’s five-part The War In

Hipstamatic series from Afghanistan?

Mayes: I think the panic is easing at the moment. I think it came about for several reasons.

alidity and the authenticity of any image is important. Do people believe what they’re looking at? I

uspect that part of the reaction to the cellphone was partly, ‘We don’t know if we believe this. Can

we trust this?’

rocess is also very important, especially in journalism. Some of it didn’t seem quite proper; there’s a

elief that photography should be self-conscious and about hard work. Cellphone photography is not

erceived as a solid enough process.

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ontrol is gone. The formal training of the professional photographer to control the equipment and

o control the representation is gone. Users can frame an image and select from a few filters, but in

erms of over-exposing, under-exposing, selective-focus and even, to an extent, the timing because

here is that lag in pressing the button and the “shutter” sounding, control is gone! But, I’m sure

mproved levels of control will return over time.

Again, as with so many instances in photography, the technology is leading the application. Granted

here have been examples of photographers saying, “I wish there was a gadget that …” and then going

ut and building it. That’s happened plenty actually, but typically what has happened is the 35mmortable camera was produced and then that defined an aesthetic and an ease of access and all that

ollowed (street photography). Then rotogravure (color gravure) in the magazines allowed people to

hoot in color and that introduced a new element certainly in photojournalism. Next, digital, and then

ideo. Technology has always taken us down these routes; always technology with commercial

pplications. But, currently there a very few commercial applications for cellphone imagery.

m seeing stuff on Facebook that 10 years ago would have been considered wacky and avant garde.

articularly I’m thinking about details. Traditionally, the image that you all took and the image that

ou all responded to was this very descriptive view of the landscape with the figure in it. Now I’meeing details; an empty room, you know, with a metaphorical element; or a birthday candle. People

re learning this rich visual language from seeing and then doing. We are all benefiting from it and

hen feeding it back into this cycle. Of course, this influences the professionals who are making

mages to fit into that communication channel.

Wired: On trust. What does it take people to get past this suspicion of cellphone imagery?

Mayes: One of the things I notice and has always amused me in publishing terms, is that Time

magazine tells us they never manipulate pictures. I believe them. I’ve only once seen themmanipulate a picture and that was a long time ago. And yet, the front cover is always manipulated

eyond recognition. It is almost always a photo illustration and if it is a photograph it is retouched.

When you ask Time people about it they say, ‘Well, the cover’s different because it is not editorial; it

s an advertisement of the magazine. And of course, it is a conceptual summary of what the magazine

ssue is about, so it’s not a representational image. Nobody has ever told that to the readership.

Nobody’s ever ran a banner saying, “The front page is being presented to you because …” People have

ust learned that vernacular. People completely trust the authenticity of the images inside the news

magazines; Stern, Newsweek etc. and they are completely unfazed by the fictionalized element on the

over. It is a convention that we’ve learned very quickly. It’s not so many years since there were

candals about manipulated covers; now it is routine. We’ve absorbed it.

n trust and credibility, it is key to educate ourselves about what we are looking at. I triangulate. I

ead a bit of information here and there I try to find it elsewhere to validate it. As we saw with Syria,

ou can fall into a trap. You can read information on 10 blogs but it is all coming from one source.

Unless you really dig, it is hard to validate. In the main I think we are all learning that right degree of

elief and skepticism in how we treat text and image online. We may be fooled, we may make stupid

ecisions but we are educating ourselves about what to trust and what not to trust.

t’s not something you can teach.

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Wired: Is the everyday person empowered by being able to share photos instantly.

Mayes: It used to be my complaint that our voices were being strangled by the gatekeepers who were

Hearst, Murdoch and the usual suspects, but now we live in this more dangerous situation now where

we have this perception of free speech and wide access to information, but actually the strangle hold

as just been replaced by Google, Amazon, Apple. The filtering process is really profound.

We are increasingly finding that our image is being misrepresented, or represented on our behalf,

nd probably more than it was before because journalists used to be the gateway into magazines and

istribution. Now, many of us are being represented and according to these gatekeepers, algorithms,

rocesses. There’s no journalist asking permission to take your picture, there’s no advertiser asking

o use their image. It’s insidious. The proliferation of our own pictures that we put out there

oluntarily is then being co-opted, in a way that as private individuals we were never subject.


10/17

he example I came across of people monetizing Instagram is by people who developed a following,

o they have wide readership, and then a few things can happen. They can be approached by brands

o represent the brand. And sometimes they are approaching the brand and offering to introduce

heir following to the world. What is interesting in those examples, is that while the medium is

hotography, it is not photography that is being sold.

think with Instagram and the other platforms there is this notion of telling stories. It is not just

ocumenting fact. It’s what was I doing, why was I doing it. And these stories are fascinating and

what gives these images their pull. It’s not just a beautiful picture or an interesting fact or an

mportant issue, which is what traditional journalism and media was all about.

Wired: But storytelling through Instagram is a disciplined activity, no? Big Instagrammers like Bex

inch, Foster Huntington and Theron Humphrey throw out 3 or 4 visual vignettes each day. They’re

ery canny aesthetically; there’s no curveballs or outliers. Consistency and rhythm runs through

heir images. People are free to decide if they’re “good” photographs or not.

Mayes: There is a quote from Kevin Systrom, one of the founders of Instagram in the New York Times

n 2011. “We set out to solve the main problem of taking pictures on the mobile phone which is that

hey’re often blurry and poorly controlled. We fixed that.” Amanda Petrusich at Buzzfeed likened

nstagram to the “Auto-Tune of photography.” You can hit real bum notes and it tweaks it back into

n aesthetic form.

Wired: Why do we worry then about image, about filter?

Mayes: It has happened many times in the industry before – we are trying to carve out relevance for

ur profession. We’ve dedicated our lives to learning skills and things we believe. Suddenly, we’re

wondering if they relevant any more and trying to justify and rationalize.

hould people pay journalists and photojournalists to do what they do? As long as someone wantsredible information the role of the professional remains important, but the role changes in that

rofessionals are no longer the eyewitness. Think of all those [photography compilation] books in

he 20th century which were called “eye witness” or “the eyes of the world” or something similar.

hat’s no longer relevant when there are 4 billion cellphone eyes out there.

rofessionals are valuable as commentators, interpreters, validators. We know what is happening in

yria but for sifting all the detail and taking a position on all of that, we still look to the professionals.

ast year, during the Arab Spring, it was the “good little guy” against the “big bad guy”. Simple. Now,

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we are seeing is a much more complex mix of bad little guys as well a good little guys. I am learning

ll the different computations from experts – people who are studying the form, researching it, being

resent and reporting back out. That’s not something I can put together from Facebook. I need

omeone to guide me through that very complex area.

We talked about the Tsunami earlier. What we have had from the professional photographers is not

he immediate drama of the event but we’ve had a just as visceral, but more studied exploration of

ooking at the scale, in a way you can’t get on a cellphone. Cellphones don’t do scale. Cellphones do

he individual and his or her experience. Professional photographers can take an overview and canntroduce us to different elements looking at patterns, validating stories or recontextualising them.

or now, there is a role for us.

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

URTHER READING

nstagram: Photography’s Antichrist, Savior, Or Something In Between? (Huffington Post)

Dappled Things: Pinkhassov on Instagram (The New Inquiry)

Magnum Irrelevant? (Wall Street Journal)icturing Everyday Life in Africa (New York Times)

New Economies of Photojournalism: The Rise of Instagram (British Journal Of Photography)

Hipstamatic Revolution (Guernica Magazine)

en Lowy: Virtually Unfiltered (New York Times)

eFramed: In conversation with Richard Koci Hernandez (Los Angeles Times)

n an Age of Likes, Commonplace Images Prevail (New York Times)

Why Instagram is Terrible for Photographers, and Why You Should Use It (Photoshelter)

nstagram Isn’t an App, It’s a Publishing Platform (So Treat It Like One) (Photoshelter)

Everyone shoots first: reality in the age of Instagram (Verge)

nstagram — It’s About Communication (John Stanmeyer)

tefano De Luigi’s iDyssey (The New Yorker)

nstagram, The Nostalgia Of Now And Reckoning The Future (Buzzfeed)

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12/17

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13/17

Woman Perfectly Adds Herself to Other People's Old Photos

Space Photos of the Week: Apollo Packs a Punch

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14/17

The Apollo Archives Hit Flickr, Total Awesomeness Ensues

Man Recklessly Unboxes Star Wars Toys to Play With Them IRL

The Surprisingly Brutal Moments When Birds Snag Their Prey

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15/17

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Photographs Are No Longer Things, They're Experiences | WIRED