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Iit Environment Canada Environnement Canada
2, Fisheries and Marine Service
Service des peches et des sciences de lamer
Photographic Reproductions of Atlantic Salmon Scales From Fish of Known Sea Ages
by
D. K MacPhail
5 Technical Report Series No. MAR T-74-1
Resource Development Branch
Maritimes Region
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS OF
ATLANTIC SALMON SCALES FROM FISH OF
KNOWN SEA AGES
D.K. MACPHAIL
MARCH, 1974
TECHNICAL REPORT NO. MAR/T-74-1
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BRANCH FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
SAINT JOHN RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK
vii
1
3-27
MIRAMICHI RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK 27-35
BIG SALMON RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK 36-41
PETITCODIAC RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK 42-49
MEDWAY RIVER, NOVA SCOTIA 50-51
RESTIGOUCHE RIVER, NEW BRUNSWICK 52-53
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 54
REFERENCES 54
iii
ABBREVIATIONS
SM - Smolt migration
Al - End of first sea winter
SP - First spawning mark
A2 - End of second sea winter
SP2 - Second spawning mark
V
ABSTRACT
In this report, photographic reproductions of Atlantic salmon scales are used to show scale growth which occurred during known time intervals between tagging and recapture. Scale samples were collected from tagged hatchery and wild stocks from six New Brunswick and Nova Scotia rivers. The fish were aged using basic scale-reading techniques.
EXTRAIT
Dans le present rapport, on a utilise des vues photogra-phiques d'ecailles de saumon de l'Atlantique pour demontrer la croissance de l'ecaille dans des intervalles de temps connus, c'est-a-dire entre l'application de l'etiquette et la reprise de specimen. On a assemble des echantillons d'ecailles de pois-sons etiquetes provenant des etablissements de pisciculture, d' une part, et de six riviares du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Nou-velle-Ecosse, d'autre part. On a determine l'age des specimens a l'aide de methodes classiques de mesurage des ecailles.
vii
INTRODUCTION
Many of the decisions regarding Atlantic salmon management, habitat protection and artificial propagation are based on age data compiled from scale readings. It is therefore most impor-tant that one's scale-reading technique be as accurate as possible.
It is often difficult for the novice scale reader to recog-nize yearly patterns of scale growth due to the wide variations in growth of individual fish and of fish from different rivers. In this report, photographs of scales from fish of known ages are presented. These photographs should serve as guidelines for recognizing Atlantic salmon scale growth patterns and relating these patterns to fish age.
Ageing Atlantic salmon by means of scale reading is based mainly on the spacing of circuli (rings), the narrow-spaced cir-cull being laid down in the winter and the wide-spaced circuli being laid down in the summer. Seasonal changes in growth rate, as indicated by the spacing of circuli on the scale, enable a scale reader to determine the age of a salmon. Detailed accounts of Atlantic salmon scale structure and ageing have been presented previously by Johnston (1905) and Jones (1949).
Scales photographed for this report were taken from Atlantic salmon which were tagged- released and recaptured at a number of locations. The growth aments shown were laid down over known periods of time. For fish tagged and released as adults, photographs of scales taken at tagging and recapture (pp. 8-51) are presented on facing pages. This enables the reader to dis-tinguish that part of the scale laid down during the period of time between tagging and recapture. For fish tagged and released as smolt (pp. 3-7, 52, 53), only the photograph of the scale taken at time of recapture is presented, since fresh water and sea growth are readily distinguishable. No attempt has been made to interpret the juvenile freshwater life of these fish. Sea life has been interpreted, but only the time period between tag-ging and recapture can be confirmed.
Tagged adult fish referred to in this report were taken from various rivers in the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. They were captured and scale sampled at counting traps during broodstock collections and experimental fishing operations. Most recoveries were made in or near home waters by angling, commercial or scientific sample-fishing operations, but a few were returned by commercial fishermen from more distant waters. When available, length measurements for fish are specified as "fork length" or "total length". Where the methods of measure-ment were not recorded, they are reported as "length" only.
Al
SM
3
Release data:
Tag no. - A.23218 Date - Spring, 1967
Recovery data:
Date - July 11, 1968 Age - 2-yr hatchery smolt Length - 52 cm (total) River - Saint John River - Saint John Location - Mactaquac Fish Location - Mactaquac area
Culture Station
Al
SM
-
7r1, • 4,
,kj?
, - -
4
Release data:
Tag no. - A.13437 Date - Spring, 1967
Recovery data:
Date - July 15, 1968 Age - 2-yr hatchery smolt Length - 52 cm (total) River - Saint John River - Saint John Location - Mactaquac Fish Location - Mactaquac Dam
Culture Station
5
Release data:
Tag no. - A.24830 Date - 1967
Recovery data:
Date - July 8, 1968 Age - 2-yr hatchery smolt Length - 56 cm (total) River - Saint John River - Saint John Location Mactaquac Fish Location - N/A
Culture Station
6
Release data:
Tag no. - A.18852 Date - Spring, 1967
Recovery data:
Date - July 8, 1969 Age - 2-yr hatchery smolt Length - 76 cm River - Saint John River - Saint John Location - Mactaquac Fish Location - N/A
Culture Station
• • • "coat
. •
• a.. 4L ,
a
4 • I' ,
a I • .h v,
V ' A, 4.1
• 4. •
7
Release data:
Tag no. - A.29427 Date - Spring, 1967
Recovery data:
Date - July 10, 1969 Age - 2-yr hatchery smolt Length - 70 cm (total) River - Saint John River - Saint John Location Mactaquac Fish Location - Mactaquac area
Culture Station
8
Tagging data:
Tag no. - 9838 Date - August 1, 1967 Sex - Male Length - 61 cm (total) Weight - N/A River - Saint John Location - Mactaquac area
9
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
9838 July 1, 1969 23 months 83 cm N/A Saint John Mactaquac Dam
Al
S M
10
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 3261 - October 22, 1965 - N/A - 66 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Westfield
A4
A3
SP2
A2
SP
Al
SM
11
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
3261 July 5, 1968 32 months, 14 days N/A N/A Saint John Lorneville
Al
SM
12
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 2922 - September 2, 1965 - N/A - 58 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Westfield
13
A4
SP3
A3
SP2
A2
SP
Al
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 2922 - August 5, 1968 - 35 months, 3 days - 74 cm - N/A - Saint John - N/A
14
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- A.32073 - June 19, 1967 - N/A - 71 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Fish
Culture Station
A3
SP
A2
Al
S M
15
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- A.32073 - July 7, 1968 - 12 months, 18 days - 85 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Dam
A2
Al
SM
16
Tagging data
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
9641 - July 20, 1967 - Female - 70 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac area
17
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 9641 - September 19, 1969 - 26 months - 82 cm - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Dam
18
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 32098 - June 21, 1967 - Female - 73.5 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac area
19
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 32098 - June 25, 1969 - 24 months, 3 days - 83 cm - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Dam
20
Tagging
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
data:
- 9405 - July 10, 1967 - Female - 77 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac area
21
Recovery data:
Tag no. - 9405 Date - June 24, 1969 Elapsed time - 23 months, 14 days Length - 88 cm Weight - N/A River - Saint John Location - Mactaquac Dam
A4
A3
SP
A2
Al
SM
22
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 68 - September 14, 1967 - Female - 84 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Fish
Culture Station
23
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 68 - July 1, 1969 - 21 months, 17 - 88 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac Dam
days
24
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 9024 - June 22, 1967 - Female - 73 cm - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac area
25
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 9024 - June 25, 1969 - 24 months, 3 days - 80 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Mactaquac area
26
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 2669 - August 29, 1965 - N/A - 83 cm (total) - N/A - Saint John - Westfield
A5
SP3
A4
SP2
A3
SP
A2
Al
SBA
27
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 2669 - July 28, 1968 - 35 months - N/A - 8.62 kg - Saint John - N/A
28
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- A.2369 - October 12, 1968 - Male - 57 cm (total) - N/A - Miramichi - Millbank
A2
SP
Al
SM
29
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- A.2369 - March, 1970 - 17 months - 70 cm (total) - N/A - N/A - Greenland waters
Al
SM
30
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- A.2700 - July 6, 1969 - N/A - 51 cm (total) - N/A - Miramichi - Millbank
31
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- A.2700 - June 17, 1971 - 23 months, 11 days - 76 cm (total) - N/A - Miramichi - Escuminac drift
net fishery
A2
Al
SM
-.4 •
„ . • • ..in >t$:
Jr
tte
.k • **4
32
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- A.3392 - July 14, 1970 - N/A - 75 cm (fork) - N/A - Miramichi - Millbank
A3
SP
A2
Al
SM
•
- • . ffik:
'1",7
4
r • - •
33
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time - Length Weight River Location
A.3392 May 20, 1971 10 months, 6 days N/A N/A Miramichi Chatham
A2
Al
SM
34
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- A.2393 - October 16, 1968 - Female - 73 cm (total) - N/A - Miramichi - Millbank
35
A4 SP2 A3 ,SP A2
-7"8111,.
Al
SM
,
r
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- A.2393 - June 9, 1970 - 19 months, 24 days - 91 cm - 7.2 kg - Miramichi - Baie Ste. Anne drift net fishery
A3
SP
A2
Al
S M
/'
36
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.9346 - October 24, 1970 - Female - 80 cm (fork) - 5.67 kg - Big Salmon - N/A
A4
SP2
A3
SP
A2
Al
t.
SM
ar
•
f;s•—• * " ..„
37
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.9346 - September 13, 1971 - 10 months, 20 days - 83 cm (fork) - 6.2 kg - Big Salmon - Salmon counting
fence
A3
SP2
A2
SP
Al
s m
' • *
4
1/245,1.
r# t,
; ■• !), • e
-. Nl... ,.. A ,.. • • ' 'IV 41,,, e.... .--, , _ .....„,. . . . ...„ , , r e . •
' . .. %,
38
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.9393 - October 24, 1970 - Female - 71 cm (fork) - 4.54 kg - Big Salmon - N/A
e •
ar
r'",\ ••■••■•
— - . 4Zov,--
A4
SP3
A3
SP2
A2
SP
Al
SM
" ✓ rf
:4
39
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.9393 - July 17, 1971 - 8 months, 24 days - 75 cm (fork) - 5.1 kg - Big Salmon - Salmon counting fence
40
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.9350 - October 24, 1970 - Female - 73 cm (fork) - 5.22 kg - Big Salmon - N/A
41
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.9350 - August 3, 1971 - 9 months, 10 days - 76 cm (fork) - 5.1 kg - Big Salmon - Salmon counting fence
itZ
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.0408 - October 7, 1970 - Male - 48.9 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
43
Recovery data:
Tag no. - B.0408 Date - October 25, 1971 Elapsed time - 12 months, 18 days Length - 55.3 cm (fork) Weight - N/A River - Petitcodiac Location - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
Al
S M
A2
SP
Al
SM
4a
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.0322 - September 21, 1970 - N/A - 52.1 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
vi.ow kt lavikt• ,
45
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.0322 - September 29, 1971 - 12 months, 8 days - 61.0 cm (total) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway salmon trap
46
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.0463 - October 10, 1970 - Male - 48.2 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
47
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.0463 - November 9, 1971 - 13 months - 59 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
48
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- B.0445 - October 8, 1970 - Male - 46.8 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
49
A2
SP
Al
SM
6
Recovery data
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- B.0445 - November 9, 1971 - 13 months, 1 day - 54.8 cm (fork) - N/A - Petitcodiac - Moncton Causeway
salmon trap
Al
SM
SO
Tagging data:
Tag no. Date Sex Length Weight River Location
- 95 - November 4, 1969 - Male - N/A - N/A - Medway - Greenfield
51
Recovery data:
Tag no. Date Elapsed time Length Weight River Location
- 95 - November, 1971 - 24 months - N/A - N/A - Medway - Greenfield
52
Release data:
Tag no. - C.21263 Date June, 1967
Recovery data:
Date - June, 1969 Age Hatchery smolt Length - 76 cm River Restigouche River - N/A Location - N/A Location - East coast of
Newfoundland
Al
SM
53
Release data:
Tag no. - 23713
Recovery data:
Date - Spring, 1967 Date - October 10, 1968 Age - Hatchery smolt Length - 55 cm River - Restigouche Weight - 2.52 kg Location - N/A River - N/A
Location - Greenland waters
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to thank the tech-nicians who encouraged me and supplied scale samples and data for this publication. Norman Fenerty of the Photographic Unit, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, developed the technique used to photograph these scales, without which this publication would not have been possible.
55
REFERENCES
JOHNSTON, H.W. The scales of Tay salmon as indicative of age, growth and spawning habits. Rep. Fish. Bd. Scotl., Part II, 1905, 63-79.
JONES, J.W. Studies of the scales of young salmon, Salmo salar L. (juv.) in relation to growth, migration and spawning. Fish. Invest. (Mini-stry of Agriculture and Fish-eries, Great Britain), Series I, Vol. 1 (1), 1949.