Phosphorus Recovery Technologyin Japan

-A Vision at Sewerage Works-Masayoshi Minami, Shuichi Ochi, Takashi Ishida (JIWET)

Outline of presentation

1. Phosphorus Resources in Sewage Treatment in Japan

2. Studies on High Quality Phosphorus Resources Technology of Incinerator Ashof Incinerator Ash

3. Future Vision of Wastewater Treatment Plant which we have been aiming

Phosphorus is concentrated in wastewater treatment plant.osp o us s co ce t ated aste ate t eat e t p a t

: 4000

(t/年)(t/y)4,000

Influent waste water (m3/y) 14 billionP conc. of influent (mg/L) 4.1

P f ffl t ( /L) 1 1

: 2000

: 1000

2,0001,000

P conc. of effluent (mg/L) 1.1

in Sewage in Biosolid

Amount of P (t-P/y) 57,100 41,900

80 

100 

）

Amount of conversion as a Phosphoric acid (t-P2O5/y) 130,900 96,100Amount of conversionas a Phosphate rock (t-P rock/y) 436,000 320,000

a(%

)

40 

60 

積頻

度（％

流入Influent(P)mul

ated

dat

a

平成１９年度実績下水道統計

0 

20 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

累

流入

流出

Influent(P)

Effluent(P)accu

m

statistical resultsin 2007下水道統計0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ｔ－Ｐ 濃度 （ｍｇ／Ｌ）T-P conc. (mg/L)

Expectation of Phosphorus Resources in Sewage Treatment

sewage

primary sedimentationtank

aeration tanktreated water

final sedimentationtank

aeration tank water

biosolid biosolid

thickening HAP

anaerobicdigestion

HAPMAP

dewatering

combustion

HAP

ash•Ash alkali extraction method•Partially reduced method•High quality resource recovery methodHigh quality resource recovery method

on)

Amount of Phosphorus Resources according to Sludge form

2,000

2,500

Ｓ千

トン

）

その他溶融スラグ焼却灰

othermelted slagincinerator ashe

(DS-

kilo

to1,000

1,500

泥発

生量

（Ｄ

Ｓ

焼 灰炭化汚泥乾燥汚泥コンポスト脱水汚泥液状汚泥

carbonized sludgedried sludgecompost

sludge cakeliquid sludge

nera

tion

rate

19811982

19831984

19851986

19871988

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20070

500汚泥

slud

ge g

e

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

事 業 年 度 　（ 西 暦 ）脱水汚泥

7%溶融スラグ

10%

その他0.2%

天日乾燥汚泥

2%

dried sludge2%

melted slag10%

other sludge cake

コンポスト

11%

compost11%

288,646 t/year288,646 t/y焼却灰

70%

incinerator ash70%

Comparison with Phosphate rock of Element of Incinerator Ash

Incinerator ash Phosphate rock288,646 t/y 695,079 t/y, y

（production in 2007）, y

（amount of import in 2007）

P2O5 % 24-35 32-38CaO % 10-14 48-53CaO % 10-14 48-53Al2O3 % 10-14 0.2-0.8Fe2O3 % 2-27 0.2-0.7MgO % 2-6 0.2-1.0SiO2 % 24-33 2-11As mg/kg 2-10 2-20Cd mg/kg 1-11 0.1-15Hg mg/kg 0 01-2 0 01-1Hg mg/kg 0.01-2 0.01-1Pb mg/kg 40-310 1-15Zn mg/kg 2000-5000 10-300

Amount of Heavy Metals in Incinerator Ash

(mg/kg)Table. Acceptable value of heavy metals in sewage sludge fertilizer

(Fertilizer Control Act, Japan)As Cd Hg Ni Cr Pb50 5 2 300 500 100

カドミウム以外

3%

Exceed regulatory limits (others)

3%

カドミウム

36%

3%

28 of municipalityExceed regulatory limits

(Cd)

3%

全てクリア

61%

36% 28 of municipality,33 of

incinerator ash Satisfied all regulatory limits61%

(Cd)36%

Phosphorus Recovery Plant in Gifu prefecture, Japan y

Ash alkali extraction method from Incinerator Ash

<Flow scheme of Phosphate recovery>① Addition of Alkali ②Addition of Calcium

<Flow scheme of Phosphate recovery>① Addition of Alkali ②Addition of Calcium

Recycleof

Reaction

IncineratorAsh NaOH sol. Ca(OH)2

E t t d

Recycleof

Reaction

IncineratorAsh NaOH sol. Ca(OH)2

E t t dSolution

OH-

PO43-Na+ Na+

OH-ExtractedPhosphateSolution PO4

3-Solution

OH-

PO43-Na+ Na+

OH-ExtractedPhosphateSolution PO4

3-

IncineratorAsh

PO4

①Ph h t

Ca(OH)2⇒Ca3(PO4)2

②

PIncinerator

Ash

PO4

①Ph h t

Ca(OH)2⇒Ca3(PO4)2

②

P

①Phosphate Extraction

② Precipitation ofCalcium Phosphate

①Phosphate Extraction

② Precipitation ofCalcium Phosphate

Processing Ash(RC Material)(RC Material)

Calcium Phosphate(Fertilizer)Processing Ash

(RC Material)(RC Material)Processing Ash(RC Material)(RC Material)

Calcium Phosphate(Fertilizer)

Phosphate Recovery Case with local production for local consumption

(Gifu prefecture, Japan)

customercropssewage customer

Gifu city farmerlyP recovery

JA

farmer sale

d li JAGifu saledelivery

Gifu no DaichiGifu no Daichi( acid soluble phosphate fertilizer)

Handbook on Phosphorus Recycling in WWT(2010.3)

•Ash alkali extraction methodPartiall red ced method

Major Phosphorus Recycling Technologies

•Partially-reduced method•HAP method•MAP method

matching matching

•Used as fertilizer material or P ti l t l

Properties of Wastewater Treatment Plant User’s needs(farmer, fertilizer co.,etc.)

directly as fertilizer•Quantity of heavy metals•Quantity supplied •Location

•Properties plant scale•Location•Wastewater treatment method•Sludge treatment method •Locationg

matchingatc g

Studies on High Quality Phosphorus Resources Technology of Incinerator Ash

Amount of Heavy Metals in Incinerator Ash

(mg/kg)Table. Acceptable value of heavy metals in sewage sludge fertilizer

(Fertilizer Control Act, Japan)As Cd Hg Ni Cr Pb50 5 2 300 500 100

カドミウム以外

3%

Exceed regulatory limits (others)

3%

カドミウム

36%

3%

28 of municipalityExceed regulatory limits

(Cd)

3%

全てクリア

61%

36% 28 of municipality,33 of

incinerator ash Satisfied all regulatory limits61%

(Cd)36%

Studies on High Quality Phosphorus Resources Technologyof Incinerator Ashof Incinerator Ash

primary sedimentationtank

final sedimentationtank

sewage aeration tanktreated water

biosolid

thickening

biosolid

Head agencyJapan Institute of Wastewater Engineering Technology(JIWET)

anaerobicdigestion Collaborating

h

Nagoya University

Iwate University

Tokyo University of Agriculture

N ti l I tit t f A E i t l S i

dewatering

research institute

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Science

Public Works Research Institute

Tsukishima Kikai Co.,Ltd.

Kobelco Eco-Solution Co.,Ltd.

combustion Diffusion agency

Japan Fertilizer & Ammonia Products Association

High Quality Phosphorus Resources Technology

ash direct method

Studies on High Quality Phosphorus Resources TechnologyStudies on High Quality Phosphorus Resources Technologyof Incinerator Ash

Divorcing method of Heavy Metals by volatizing reaction or wet reaction

HM

Reagent Fertilizer efficiencySafety assessment

HM

HMHM

fertilizer Market

HMHM

incinerator ash

fertilizer Market

System Design

Melting method of Incinerator AshMelting method of Incinerator Ash

<Melting Furnace>

electrode －polethermometer

row material input device 1,400℃

Heavy metal freemelted slag

溶融スラグ層melted slag layerRecovery ofHeavy metals melted metal layer

melted heavy metalselectrode ＋pole

Future vision of Wastewater Treatment PlantFuture vision of Wastewater Treatment Plant which we have been aiming.

WTPWTP

WTP

WTP

sea

The Scheme of WTP as a Resources Base

primary sedimentationtank

final sedimentationtank

sewage aeration tanktreated water

biosolid

thickening

biosolid

Electrical Productionunused biomass

anaerobicdigestion bio gas

Electrical Production(Gas Engine)

•garbage•pruning

unused biomassin the region

dewatering Heat Electrical Production

(Steam Turbine)

electricalpower

utilize,supply

•etc.

combustion combustionheat

( )

ash fertilizer

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