Upload
yessenia-de-vargas
View
4
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PHONETICS I
UNIVERSIDAD LATINA DE PANAMA SEDE DE DAVID
B.A. IN ENGLISH WITH CONCENTRATION IN TRANSLATION
COURSE: PHONETICS 1
BASIC PHONETICAL CONCEPTS
Magister: Yessenia Gonzlez de VargasREAD THE FOLLOWING POEM AND RECORD IT ON YOUR CELL. Send it to the wassap group of the class.
A. Phonetics vs. Phonology
1. What do these terms mean?Phonetics _______________________________________________________________________
Phonology ______________________________________________________________________2. What is the difference between them?________________________________________________________________________________B. Phonetics Alphabet
1. What is a phonetic alphabet?______________________________________________________2. What is the difference between a phonetic alphabet and a traditional alphabet?_________________________________________________________________________3. What are the members of each kind of alphabet called?
4. How are these words pronounced?
ChoirInterest
MachineChrysanthemun
DebtChiropractic
EducateInveigh
DraughtBarbiturate
physicianquinine
5. How do we pronounce the letters ough as in ?Cough
Rough
Though
Through
bough
6. Learners of English as a second language usually have difficulties in understanding native speakers of the language, but also in transmitting what they want to say. This is often due to the fact that English has certain features which require much practice in listening and speaking. One of this features is the spelling system. In relation to this, there are certain situations that we should observe.
In English, different letters may represent a single sound. The following examples will illustrate this fact: through/threw, tall/ sort
A particular letter may represent different sounds: many, ball, cake, car, man, and image.
One sound may be represented by a combination of letters: chaos, ether, that, glacial, cough, elephant, nation, shall, Thomas, meat, loan, maid.
Some letters have no sound: though, pneumonia, sign, whole, wrong, sword, bomb, doubt, male, isle, honor, corps, know.
One letter may represent two sounds: tax
Certain sounds are not represented in the spelling: use (y is not represented), one (w is not represented)
In order to differentiate between letters of the alphabet and the symbols representing sounds, we will enclose the latter in slashes (/ /). The slashes indicate that the symbol stands for a sound.
The study of the speech sounds that all languages use to represent meanings is known as phonetics and it involves the study of the physical properties of the sounds themselves (acoustic phonetics), the study of how the sounds are perceived by the ear (auditory phonetics), and the study and description of the shapes of the vocal tract which produce the different speech sounds (articulatory phonetics). Here we will be concerned only with articulatory phonetics
Practice Write the transcription of these words (consonants only)
lightchemistrythis
scissorsKnifeSinger
whatThumbRegion
missionSignWho
Asiacautionink
signatureyetchair
Practice Say these words backwards. What new words appear? Transcribe the consonants.
1. Tile2. Lace
3. Name4. Top
5. Kate6. Team
7. lack8. Caught
9. fine10. law
C. The Phoneme
1. Definition: __________________________________________________2. The test for phonemes ___________________________3. Minimal pairs _________________________________________________________
Example: _________________4. Phonemes that exist in English but not in Spanish:___________________5. Phoneme that exist in Spanish but not in English:_____________________6. Homonyms _____________________________________________
7. Example: __________________________ Practice Practice the following homonyms. Look for the meaning.
1. Ate2. Know
3. Mane4. Weigh
5. Son6. Red
7. Bee8. Won
9. scene10. to
Practice ChartCashaften
MotherCentImitation
OffGlassTelevision
RightSchoolThink
TheirThereOf
Philosophygentlealthough
D. Consonant vs. Vowels
1. How do we produce consonants? -__________________________________________________2. How do we producevowels? ______________________________________________________3. What is the difference? __________________________________________________________4. What are the glides in English? _____________5. Why are they called semi-vowels? _________________________________
Practice NationThoughtChangePhilosophy
TacksScreamToothSchool
MatchEightThinkWasher
Psychiatrychoirfewquick
E. The clasificatiion criteria for consonants and glidesin English.
1. Oral vs. Nasal
a. How are oral sounds produced?
b. How are nasal sounds produced?
c. Which of the sounds are nasal in English?
2. Voiced vs. voiceless
a. How are voiceless sounds produced?
b. How are voiced sounds produced?
c. Give examples of each one.
d. Are all nasal sounds voiced?
e. How many nasals sounds does English have?
f. How many nasals sounds does Spanish have?
g. Are they the same sounds?
h. Do both English and Spanish have voiced and voiceless sounds?
3. Manner of articulation
a. What does manner of articulation mean?
b. What does articulation mean?
Stop________________________________________________________Fricative: ___________________________________________________Affricate: ___________________________________________________Nasal: ______________________________________________________Liquids: _____________________________________________________Glide: ______________________________________________________4. Places of articulation
a. What does places refer to?
b. Find the major places of articulation in the following diagram.
F. Universality
a. Do all languages have phonemes?
b. Do all languages have minimal pairs?
c. Are the phonemes and minimal pairs the sane for all languages?
d. Do all langauges have manners and places of articulation?
e. Do all languages have consonants and vowels?
f. Do all languages use the tongue and other parts of the mouth as to articulate the sounds of language?
g. The above questions refer to natural languages, that is, languages spoken by people of the world. It does not refer to sign language used by the deaf. Why are they an exception? The principal organs of articulation
For an interactive view click on the link:
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/anatomy.htmONLINE EXTRA MATERIAL TO STUDYPhonetics: the sounds of English and Spanish.
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/CHART OF CONSONANTS SOUNDS AND ARTICULATORS
THE CLASIFICATION OF CONSONANTS AND GLIDESConsonants and glides are classified by several criteria. These are: manner of articulation, place of articulation, and voicing (whether the sound is voiced or voiceless). The classification that results assigns a unique category to each consonants and glide sound. It also allows us to identify groups of sounds which share some similaritiesIn this section, we are going to classify all consonant and glide sounds of English. We will identify the name of each sound, the sound letter correspondences, and the difficulties in acquiring the sound.
We know that a sound does not usually match one particular letter. Instead, one sound can be represented by several letters. We can learn which letters usually represent each sound, so we can have a better chance of guessing the pronunciation of a word we do not know. Sound-letter correspondences refer to the letters that usually correspond to a particular sound. But the match is not perfect.SLA refers to Second Language Acquisition. SLA problems refer to difficulties learners of English have in acquiring some sounds o f English.
We will also try to improve our understanding and pronunciation of sounds that are difficult to acquire.A. Bilabial
1. Symbol / / Key word:________________
Name: _____________________________Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________
SLA problem __________________________________________________ORAL PRACTICE #1 Read aloud the following words, then transcribe them./p/ at the beginning/p/ in the middle/p/ at the end
pen
Open
Top
put
Apart
Cap
pet
Apple
Lip
pay
HappyMap
pig
pepper
Stop
pot
Paper
Soap
pain
SupperPipe
past
airport
Jump
person
people
camp
ORAL PRACTICE #2 Stop it!
Pencil and paper
A piece of pie
Proud as a peacock
Open up!
Practice makes perfect.
The apple and pears are ripe
The ship will stop in Panama
Wash the pots and pans with soap.
Her purple pants are pretty.ORAL PRACTICE #3
I PART. SELF TEST
Read the following sentences aloud. Choose the correct word from the list to fill in the blanks.
A nickname for Peter is ___________
The opposite of war is ___________
Pam bought _________to feed the elephants.
The top of a mountain is called a _________________
The plural of person is ______________
A popular fruit is a ___________
A bird with bright feathers is a _________________
Potatoes should be ______________ before being cooked.
The letter preceding Q is _____________-
Something that annoys you is called a pet_____________
II PART. CONVERSATION Read the dialogue aloud. THE SURPRISE TRIPPABLO: Paulette, I have a surprise! Were taking a trip to Puerto Rico tonight!
PAULETTE: Im very happy. But I need more time to prepare.
PABLO:Thats simple. Ill help you pack.
PAULETTE: Who will care for our pet poodle?
PABLO:Your parents!PAULETTE:Who will pick up the mail?
PABLO:Our neighbor Pete!
PAULETTE:Who will water the plants?
PABLO:Well, put them on the patio.
PAULETTE: Who will pay for the trip?
PABLO: The Company is paying every penny.
PAULETTE:Pablo, youve really planned this.
PABLO:Of course! Im dependable, superior, and a perfectPAULETTE: Pain in the neck! Dont get carried away!
2. Symbol / / Key word:________________
Name: _____________________________
Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________
SLA problem ___________________________________________________Tip: when /b/ follows /m/ in the same syllable, it is usually NOT pronounced
NO SOUND FOR /b/ and /p/
1. Climb
Dont climb up the tree.
2. Comb
May I use your comb?3. Dumb
Thats a dumb thing I did.
4. Lamb
A lamb is a young sheep.
5. Limb
A limb is an arm or a leg.
6. Numb
To be numb is to feel no pain.
7. Thumb
Your thumb is a short, thick finger.
8. Tomb
A tomb is a place where someone is buried.
9. Bomb
A bomb went off in the market.
10. Plumber
A plumber repairs water pipes.
11. Doubt
when in doubt, dont use it.
12. Debt
A debt is something owed to someone else.13. Psalm
A psalm is a religious song or poem.
14. PsychiatristA psychiatrist is a medical doctor who treats mental illness.
15. PsychologistA psychologist also treats mental illness but has no medical degree.
16. Corps
The Marine Corps is part of the Armed Forces
17. Receipt
you should get a receipt when you pay the rent.ORAL PRACTICE #1Read aloud the following words then transcribe them. Consonants only./b/ at the beginning/b/ in the middle/b/ at the end
Beobey
cab
Butbaby
cub
Bat
table
rub
back
habittub
Bestrubber
rib
bone
lobby
rob
bank
cabinknob
boat
label
crib
borrow
ribbon
bulb
Beginneighborrobe
ORAL PRACTICE #2 Read the following phrases and sentences aloud. Then transcribe all the consonant sounds.
Bread and butter Above and below
Baseball game
Black and blue
The bigger the better
Ill be back
Bad habits can be broken.
Bill is in the lobby.
Bob bought a blue bathrobe. Betty was born in Boston.ORAL PRACTICE #3When a stop is the final so und in a word and is followed by another word that begins with the same stop, as in help paint and mob boss, they are linked together and said as one sound. Do not release the air on the first stop, release it on the second one.
1. Top part
would you like the top part of the chicken?
2. Hip pocket
my wallet is in my hip pocket.
3. Deep part
He swims in the deep part of the pool.
4. Keep pushing
why do you keep pushing me away?
5. Grape product
Wine is a grape product.
6. Lab book
Im using my lab book today.
7. Rob Bill
Did you see them rob Bill?
8. Tube broke
The tube broke as I was using it.
9. Disturb Bob
Did you disturb Bob in his office?10. Cab breaks
His cab breaks down all the time.
I PART. SELF TEST. Practice these contrasting sounds.1. Pig big
2. Pill bill
3. Pat bat
4. Pet bet
5. Palate ballot
6. Cap
cab
7. Tap
tab
8. Mop mob
9. Rope robe
10. Lap labII PART. CONVERSATION Read the dialogue aloud.
BETTY:Benito, I bet you forgot my birthday!BENITO:I bet I didnt. I bought you a birthday present.
BETTY:I cant believe it. What did you bring?
BENITO:It begins with the letter B.
BETTY: Oh, boy! It must be a bathrobe. You buy me one every birthday.
BENITO: Its not a bathrobe!
BETTY: Is it a bowling ball?
BENITO: No, its not a bowling ball.
BETTY: It must be a book about boating, your favorite hobby.
BENITO: Betty, you are way off base. I bought you a bracelet. A diamond bracelet!
BETTY: Wow! This is the best birthday preset I ever got. You didnt rob a bank, did you?
BENITO: Dont worry. I didnt beg, borrow, or steal; just dont expect any more presents for a long time. Im broke!
3. Symbol / / Key word:________________
Name: _____________________________
Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________
SLA problem ___________________________________________________PRACTICE #1
Read aloud the following words then transcribe them. Consonants only.
/m/ at the beginning/m/ in the middle/m/ at the end
Mearmy
am
Mayamonghim
Matlemonthem
Moreanimalseem
Milkcameratime
Meansummername
monthhammerroom
mattermailmancome
minutesomethingcomb
PRACTICE # 2
Read the following phrases and sentences aloud. Then transcribe all the consonant sounds.
1. Arm in arm
2. Lemon and lime
3. Summertime
4. Whats your name?
5. What time is it?
6. Dont blame me!
7. The poem doesnt rhyme.
8. Sam is a common American name.
9. What time is my appointment?
10. Tell them to come home.
11. Tim is from a farm.
12. Give Pam some more ham.
13. The home team won the game.
14. The picture frame is made of chrome.
15. Mom makes homemade ice cream.
PRACTICE # 3Practice saying the following words.
SomeSonSung
KimKinKing
DumbDoneDung
ClamClanClang
RumRunRung
PamPanPang
ThemThinThing
Ramranrang
Say Same
seeSeem
gayGame
cryCrime
blueBloom
nayName
gluegloom
| bd de |
a ovslept nd mst ma tren |
slpt n sadwk |
n pr ren |
sprend ma kl |
sknd ma niz |
brok ma lsz |
lst ma kiz |
t stk n i elvetr |
t wdnt o |
| kkt t twas nd stbd ma to |
bt pen t ddnt rat |
lk t bk nd hd fat |
went hom ri |
lkt dr |
krld ntu bed |
kdnt tek t enimr |
|
A BAD DAY
I overslept and missed my train
Slipped on the sidewalk
In the pouring rain
Sprained my ankle
Skinned my knee
Broke my glasses
Lost my keys
Get stuck in the elevator
It wouldnt go
Kicked it twice and stubbed my toe
Bought a pen that didnt write
Look it back and had a fight
Went home angry
Locked the door
Crawled into bed
Couldnt take it anymore.
It is necessary to make a distinction between phonetic and phonemic representation of a sound. The first is theone that represents the actual realization of particular sounds; that is, it includes the specificdetails of the sound. This kind of transcription is enclosed in square brackets ( [ ] ) and is known as narrow transcription.The second, which does not include the details of the sounds, and is enclosed in slashes ( / / ). This is known as narrow transcription.
TONGUE TWISTER
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickle peppers? Where is the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Peacockpeanutspeoplepeeledpeach
PetepeacepeevepeakP
Read these sentences aloud.
Give him a pat for me. Give him a bat for me.
My pet is a year old. My bet is a year old.
Did you take the pill? - Did you take the bill?
Id like to see your palate. - Id like to see you ballot.
Isnt that a little pig? - Isnt that a little big?
Elaborated by: Magister Yessenia G. de VargasPgina 3