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You are here: Home > Arguments for the Existence of God > The Teleological Argument
Philosophy of ReligionArguments for the Existence of God
Gods Intrinsic ProbabilityReformed EpistemologyPascals Wager
The Entrance Criteria for HeavenWagering on AtheismWe Cannot Choose Our BeliefsThe Atheists Wager
The Ontological ArgumentSt Anselms Ontological Argument
Gaunilos Perfect IslandExistence is not a PredicateHume on A Priori Existential Proofs
The Modal Ontological ArgumentThe Cosmological Argument
The Kalam Cosmological ArgumentMaths and the Finitude of the Past
The Argument from ContingencyIs the Universe Contingent?
The Teleological ArgumentThe Argument from Analogy
A Weak AnalogyAlternative AnalogiesAnalogy and AnthropomorphismGods Designer
The Argument from Fine-TuningThe Evolutionary CritiqueAll Universes are ImprobableThe Weak Anthropic PrincipleThe Many Worlds Hypothesis
The Argument from DesireThe Argument from Consciousness
The Moral ArgumentThe Formal Moral ArgumentThe Perfectionist Moral ArgumentThe Kantian Moral Argument
The Argument from Religious ExperienceThe Principle of CredulityArtificial Religious Experiences
Philosophy of Religion The Teleological Argument http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/theistic-proofs/the-teleological-a...
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Conflicting Religious ExperiencesThe Subjectivity of Experience
The Argument from MiraclesArguments for Agnosticism
The Argument from UncertaintyThe Argument from Incomprehensibility
Arguments for AtheismThe Presumption of AtheismThe Problem of Evil
The Argument from ImperfectionIs There a Best Possible World?
The Argument from Natural EvilThe Argument from Moral Evil
The Free Will DefenceThe Problem of Morality
The Argument from UnbeliefDivine Hiddenness Makes Faith Possible
Is God Good?Does Evil Exist?
Problems With Divine OmnipotenceDissolving the Paradox of OmnipotenceOmnipotence and Logically Impossible Rocks
Problems With Divine OmniscienceExperiential KnowledgeFreedom and Foreknowledge
How Does God Know the Future?The Argument from Future Facts
Problems With Divine JusticeProblems With ImmortalityProblems With Original Sin
Inherited GuiltGuilt by IdentificationGuilt by ParticipationGuilt by Association
Inherited CorruptionIndividual Falls
Problems With Petitionary PrayerThe Argument from AutonomyThe Psychogenesis of Religion
Ludwig Feuerbach: Theology as AnthropologySigmund Freud: Religion as Wish-Fulfilment
Religion and MemeticsChristian Ethics
Natural Law TheoryDivine Command Theory
The Euthyphro DilemmaThe Origin of the Euthyphro DilemmaThe Independence ProblemThe Arbitrariness ProblemThe Emptiness ProblemThe Problem of Abhorrent Commands
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Moral RelativismCultural Relativism
Just War TheoryWhos Who
Historic FiguresSt Anselm of CanterburySt Thomas AquinasAristotleSt Augustine of HippoRene DescartesEpicurusGaunilo of MarmoutiersDavid HumeImmanuel KantCS LewisJohn Stuart MillWilliam PaleyBlaise PascalPlatoBertrand Russell
Modern AuthorsRobert AdamsWilliam Lane CraigBrian DaviesRichard DawkinsAntony FlewJohn HickMichael MartinAlvin PlantingaRichard Swinburne
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The Teleological Argument
Teleological arguments are arguments from the order in the universe to the existence of God. They are alsoknown as arguments from design (or, to be precise, arguments to design).
The name the teleological argument is derived from the Greek word telos, meaning end or purpose.When such arguments speak of the universe being ordered, they mean that it is ordered towards some endor purpose. The suggestion is that it is more plausible to suppose that the universe is so because it wascreated by an intelligent being in order to accomplish that purpose than it is to suppose that it is this wayby chance.
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The teleological argument was used by St Thomas Aquinas as one of his Five Ways of knowing that Godexists, but the most cited statement of the argument is that of William Paley. Paley likened the universe toa watch, with many ordered parts working in harmony to further some purpose. Just as the complexity,order, and purpose of a watch implies intelligent design, he suggested, so too the complexity, order, andpurpose of the universe implies intelligent design. The argument as he constructed it is thus an argumentfrom analogy.
Modern teleological arguments look somewhat different to that constructed by Paley. While Paley wasparticularly impressed by the appearance of design in biological systems, such as the eye, or animals,modern teleological arguments often find evidence of design in physics. Modern teleological argumentstend to focus on the fine-tuning in the universe, the fact that it is exactly as it needs to be (fine-tuned)to support life.
One advantage that this gives modern design arguments over Paleys is that they are less vulnerable toattacks based on evolution theory. It is an objection to Paleys argument that evolution can explain theappearance of biological design; evolutionary processes, though, do not apply to the laws of nature.
Although teleological arguments are often referred to as arguments from design, those who oppose sucharguments sometimes object to this. Antony Flew, in particular, has done this, repeatedly and pointedlycalling the argument the argument to design. Though he is no longer the vehement critic of the argumentthat he once was, having recently been persuaded that it might have merit, he continues to be a critic of thecommon name, insisting that it is it the argument to, not from, design.
If the universe contains design then there must be some intelligent agent that designed it. Although a fewdispute this, speaking of nature, or evolution, as our designers, this appears to be a simple linguistic truth.Just as if something is carried then there must be a carrier, so if there is design there must be a designer.
What those who reject the argument dispute, then, is not whether the design in the universe implies thatthere is someone who designed it, but whether the order and complexity in the universe does constitutedesign.
Copyright 2008 Tim Holt. All Rights Reserved
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