Philosophies That Shape Malaysian Education

7/28/2019 Philosophies That Shape Malaysian Education

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PHILOSOPHIES THAT SHAPE

MALAYSIAN EDUCATIONBY:

Tulaashini a/p Kalidasan

Nor Baizura binti IsmailNur Syafna binti Mohd Yusof


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Questions

a) In Malaysian Teacher professionalism there

are many western branches and theories of

philosophy of Education include. Discuss.

b) How far did the western traditional

philosophy of Education comprises the

Philosophy of National Education (NPE)


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Western Philosophy Branches


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Branchesof

philosophy

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Logic

Axiology


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Metaphysics

The studyof

existence

and thenature of

reality.

Epistemology

The study ofknowledge

and howand whatwe know

Logic

The study ofreasoning.

Axiology

The study ofvalue


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Metaphysics

Greek word

Metaphysika

Literally meansafter physics

Epistemology

Greek word

Episteme

meansknowledge or

science

Logos means

explanation.

Logic

Greek word

"logos",

Which has avariety ofmeaningsincluding word,thought, idea,argument,account, reasonor principle

Axiology

Greek word

Means Axios

means value

or worth

Logos means

reason


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Metaphysics ( Main Sections)

The study of being and existence.

Ontology

The study of God including the nature of religionand the world.

Natural Theology

The study of fist principles of logic and reasoning.

Universal Science


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Metaphysics

Examines things such as reality, what exists in

this world and how it is arranged.

Attempts to provides answers which go

beyond scientific investigation.

Speculative and focuses on the cause-and-

effect relationship of things and phenomena.


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Epistemology

The theory of knowledge that study about

knowledge and beliefs.

Focuses on the analysis and generation of

knowledge and the pursuit of knowledge.

Focuses on how to pursue knowledge and the

correct way to do it.

Example: What is knowledge? What are the

sources of knowledge?


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Sources of knowledge

Revelation.

Based on our sensory experiences.

Intuition (Instinctive knowing). Expert opinion based on the knowledge and

skills possessed.

Logic. Scientific methods.


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Western Philosophy

There are two types of western philosophy:

Traditional

Modern


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Western Philosophy

Traditional

Realism

Idealism

Perennialism

Essentialism

Modern

Existentialism

Pragmatism

Progressivism

Reconstructivism


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Realism

o Aristotle, the Father of Realism.

o Character is developed through training in the

rules of conduct

o The Realist curriculum emphasizes the subject

matter of the physical world, particularly

science and mathematic.


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Idealism

Plato, Father of Idealism, espoused this view

about 400 years BC, in his famous book, The

Republic.

Aim: To discover and develop each individuals

ability and full moral excellence in order to

better serve society.

The character is developed through imitating

example and heroes.


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Comparison between Perennialism

and Essentialism(Traditional)Perennialism Aspects Essentialism

Characteristics of human

nature are universal and

fixed

Concept Focus given to the basics

Teach knowledge and

universal values which are

everlasting

Goals of Education Teach knowledge and basic

culture

Curriculum: Humanities

and literature

Teacher: Expert

disseminator of knowledgeTeaching method: Didactic

Pupils: Passive recipients of

knowledge

Focus Curriculum: Basic skills

( reading, writing and

arithmetic)

Teacher: Skilleddisseminator of knowledge

Teaching method: Didactic

Pupils : Passive recipients

of knowledge

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Philosophies That Shape Malaysian Education