World Meteorological Organizationweather, climate and water

“ WATER AVAILABILITY ENHANCMENT PROJECT”Philippine National Workshop

1-4 March 2011, Manila, Philippines

WMO: Climate and Water www.wmo.int

WMO

Bruce Stewart,

Chief Division, Basic System in Hydrology

Climate & Water Department (WMO)

WMO Role and Activities in

Hydrological Data Collection and Water

Resources Assessment

HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES - WMO

WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

Definitions

Needs & Requirements

WMO contribution

WHYCOS PROGRAMME

Background & Objectives

Development process & Projects

Guidelines & Web Portal

Presentation Structure

• You Can't Manage What You Don't

Measure

• Unless you Measure you cannot tell

how well you have managed

Why are Hydrological Data and

Water Resources Assessment so

Important?

HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES IN WMO

PART - I

Role of WMO in the field of

Hydrology and Water Resources

Hydrology and

Water Resources Programme

WMO Convention

"to promote activities in operational

hydrology and close co-operation between

Meteorological and Hydrological Services"

Art: 2(e):

Role of WMO in the field of

Hydrology and Water Resources

Concentrates on promoting world-wide

cooperation in evaluation of water resources

and development of hydrological networks and

services

Concerned with the assessment of quantity and

quality of water resources

Standardization of all aspects of hydrological

observations and organized transfer of

hydrological techniques

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme

Programme on Basic Systems in

Hydrology (including WHYCOS)

Programme on Hydrological Forecasting

and Applications

Programme on Capacity Building in

Hydrology and Water Resources

(including HOMS)

Programme on Water-related Issues

Hydrology and Water Resources Programme

HYDROLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION

PART - II

Quality Management Framework

• Hydrological Standards and Regulations

• Measurement Procedures

• Standardisation of new Technological

processes

• Equipment calibration

• Procedures for data processing

• Safety considerations

Guide to Hydrological Practices and

Technical Regulations

Guide to Hydrological Practices and

Technical Regulations

As a general principle, the Technical Regulations set out the standards of hydrological practices which NHSs should implement and the Guide to Hydrological Practices describes the methods needed to implement the recommended practices.

Metadata base - does not contain or

handle actual hydrological data;

It is designed to facilitate dissemination

of continually updated hydrological

information;

It was formally inaugurated in 1987

with the publication of the INFOHYDRO

Manual;

Efforts are made to update this

database about every five years.

The Hydrological Information Referral Service

INFOHYDRO

World Hydrologic Cycle Observation System

WHYCOS is conceived as a tool for improving thecollection, dissemination and use of high quality,standardized and consistent hydrological and relateddata at the national, river basin, regional andinternational levels.

PART - II

WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

Definitions

Needs & Requirements

WMO contribution

Definitions

Water resources: Water available, or

capable of being made available, for use in

sufficient quantity and quality at a location

and over a period of time appropriate for

an identifiable demand

Water resource assessment:

Determination of the sources, extent,

dependability and quality of water

resources for their utilization and control

(International Glossary of Hydrology, WMO-UNESCO)

Need for Water Resources Assessment (WRA)

Growing concern for the environment and the concept of

sustainable development

Increasing pressure on the available world’s water

resources, both in quantity and quality

Expanding requirements for hydrological data,

products and for the planning, management and

protection of freshwater resources

Water Resources Assessment

Freshwater resources are scarce and vulnerable

Allocation among competing uses

Ecologically sustainable development

Need to account for economic and social development

Need to account for perspective impacts of climate change

Need for Water Resources Assessment

National Hydrological Services (NHSs)

Water Resources Assessment

Information for Water Managers

Assessment of Water Related Hazards

Hydrological Forecasting

First step for WRA is to assess the National Capability!

WRA Is National Responsibility

National capabilities for WRA

Institutional Framework

Manpower, education and training

Data

Infrastructure

Requirements

Institutional Framework

Administrative – legal framework

Water policy and legislation

Relation between various institutions concerned by WR

Public – private relations

Planning

International cooperation

Research

Manpower, Education and Training

Staff level and motivation

Formal educational curricula (high

school and university) and non formal

education (observers)

In service training

WMO Data Exchange Policy

Committed to broadening and

enhancing, whenever possible, the

free and unrestricted international

exchange of hydrological data and

products, in consonance with the

requirements for WMO’s scientific

and technical programmes

WMO resolutions 40 and 25

• Res. 40 (Cg-XII) 1995 - WMO policy and practice for the

exchange of meteorological and related data and products.

“Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential

data and products which are necessary for the provision of

services in support of the protection of life and property and

the well being of all the nations…”

• Res 25 (Cg-XIII) 1999 - Exchange of hydrological data and

products.

“Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis those

hydrological data and products which are necessary for the

provision of services in support of the protection of life and

property and the well being of all the nations…”

WMO resolutions 40 and 25

Members should also provide:

– Additional data and product for WMO

programmes and projects and for the provision

of other services;

– Free and unrestricted access to data and

products to the research and education

communities;

Members have the right to put conditions on

the re-export, for commercial purposes of

data and products;

Global Run off Data Centre

(GRDC)

The Global Data Runoff Centre (GRDC), established in 1988, operates under the auspices of WMO and is supported by, and located in, the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz, Germany. The principal objective of the Centre is to facilitate and optimize the information exchange of stream flow data world-wide. The GRDC database contains contributions from over 140 countries, and includes the data from hydrometric gauging stations located in various river basins. The quality and reliability of the contributed data is verified before entry into the database. The GRDC has the capability to provide interpreted hydrological information and does so for many organizations, such as those of the UN system, and for research projects. (http://www.wmo.ch/web/homs/grdchome.html).

Water Resources Assessment

Handbook for Review of National Capabilities.

WMO /UNESCO initiative published in 1998

The Handbook is available in the six UN languages

Available in WMO Home Page on the Internet.

Series of Regional training of trainers Workshops

were organized to introduce the methodology described

in the handbook.

National workshops were also organized

Strong recommendation for developing another manual

for assessing the resources

WMO and UNESCO are working closely in developing

« Manual on Water Resources Assessment »

PART - III

WHYCOS PROGRAMME

Background & Objectives

Development process & Projects

Guidelines & Web Portal

WHYCOS

World

Hydrological

Cycle

Observing

System

At the global level, there is:

“concern that at a time when more precise

and reliable information is needed about

water resources, Hydrological Services and

related bodies are less able than before to

provide this information, especially

information on groundwater and water

quality”.

(UNCED, 1992)

1) Determining how much water is available at the scale

where decisions are made

2) Determining how much water is used (e.g., by ecosystems,

humans)

3) Providing better predictions of water supply

4) Evaluating options (e.g. conservation) and implementing

policies and programs to achieve regional objectives

THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE

TO MEET THE CHALANGES

credible data are required for analysis of

potential change

common criteria need to be adopted

quality of data is an important aspect

local expertise is required for screening

Need for Credible Data

Need for Capacity Building

WMO RESPONSE

In response to the recommendation of

Agenda 21 chapter 18 and the

recommendations of UNDP/WB project

on Hydrological Assessment for Sub-

Saharan countries, and to meet the

Management challenge, WMO developed

the WHYCOS concept in 1993

WHAT IS WHYCOS

A system for building the capacity of water

resources management at the national, river

basin, regional and global levels

Aims at promoting cooperation in the

collection, transmission, processing, archiving

and use of hydrological data and information

WHYCOS address the needs and requirements of the

basins like integrated management of the water resources,

flood forecasting, water quality monitoring, etc.

OBJECTIVES

Long term

Strengthen regional and international cooperation.

Establish a global network of key national stations.

Support Research and Climate Change Adaptation.

Short term Strengthen technical and institutional

capabilities of hydrological services.

Promote and facilitate dissemination and use

of water-related information

Better understanding of global hydrological cycle;

Improved knowledge on the status and trends of the

world's freshwater resources,

Understanding hydrological variability, detect climate

change, and predict impacts of climate change,

Strengthen cooperation between NHS’s and NMS’s.

Strengthen regional cooperation

WHYCOS CONTRIBUTES TO

WHYCOS SUPPORT AND IMPROVE

Water resources data and information

its availability,

its accuracy, and

its dissemination

For

Integrated water resources management

Water resources assessment

Flood forecasting and warning

Groundwater monitoring and assessment

Water quality monitoring

WHYCOS STRUCTURE

WHYCOS consists of a number of different components, each independently implemented and responsive to national and regional/basin needs.

WHYCOS DEVELOPMENT STAGES

Request stage (Countries, Regional bodies)

Concept stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO)

Proposal stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors)

Project Implementation stage

Preparatory stage (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors)

Field implementation (Countries, Regional bodies, WMO, Donors)

Maintenance and operation (Countries)

Information System

Improving National and Regional data

collection systems

Establishing National and Regional Data

Banks

Preparation of information (products)

Dissemination of Information

Environmental variables Frequency of measurement per day 1. Water level 1 to 6 (depending on size of river) 2. Water pH 1 3. Water conductivity 1 4. Water temperature 1 5. Dissolved oxygen 1 6. Turbidity 1 7. Air temperature 8 (synoptic hours) 8. Rainfall 24, plus daily total 9. Relative humidity 8 (synoptic hours) 10. Wind speed 8 (synoptic hours) 11. Net radiation 8 (synoptic hours)

Housekeeping variables Frequency of measurement per day 12. Battery voltage 1 13. Solar panel voltage 1 14. Memory status 1

15. Temperature inside instrument housing

1

List of variables which could be provided by a DCP

Developing Products and Information

Data Interpretation

Data Storage Retrieval and Dissemination

Water Resources Assessment

Planning and Strategy Development

Forecasting and Warning

Hydrological Predictions and Forecasting

Data and Information for IWRM

The Training programme for any HYCOS

Component compose of nine modules (9).

Each training module, the training is carried

out in two stages:

Training of trainers at the Project

Regional Centre.

Training of staff of the NHSs in

each country by the national trainers.

WHYCOS & Capacity Building

Ø M1: Limnimetry and Topographic Survey

Ø M2: Flow Measurements with ADCP and with Current Meter

Ø M3: Establishment of Rating Curves

Ø M4: Installation and Management of Electronic DCPs

Ø M5: Data Base Management and Computer Science

Ø M6: Groundwater monitoring and assessment

M7: Water quality

Ø M8: Web Site Maintenance and Development of Hydrological

Products

Ø M9: Modelling and Flood Forecasting

Ø M10: The use of Satellite Information for Planning and Management

of Water Resources

WHYCOS & Capacity Building

Implementation Experiences

The ownership of the WHYCOS programme and its regional

components should remain within WMO.

Countries should have ownership of implemented projects.

WHYCOS Guidelines and web page is an essential

HYCOS components should be demand driven addressing

the needs of the basin/ region

River/lake basin approach is recommended

Capacity building should be a major element in the

implementation of any HYCOS project

Governance and Management

Policy issues

Sustainability

Project Outputs

Guidelines

Available in English, French and Spanish

Curent Statuas

Four (4) Projects completed implementation phase

Six (7) Project in final stage of implementation

Six (6) Projects under various development statges

Several Regional and National training courses

WHYCOS Guidelines available (E-F-S)

WHYCOS web-page online

Thirty seven (37) LDCs are participating in the

programme

Over WHYCOS the SUN Never Sets

Conclusions

Water issues are addressed by

every one

Each organization has its

expertise in specific area in Water

Cooperation and collaboration

among agencies is needed

WWW. WMO. int

WWW. HYCOS. org