PhD Thesis Neeraj Sharma UCoE

Design of Experience Base Model for Software Process Improvement

A1

APPENDIX A

Table A1 List of Companies which Participated in the Survey

S. No.

Name of the Company Corporate Office (India)

Year of Incorporation

No. of Employees(as on

31.12.2010)

URL

TYPE I COMPANIES 1 Ingram Micro India Ltd. Mumbai 1996 1,200 ingrammicro.com 2 Kale Consultants Ltd. Mumbai 1986 1,600 kaleconsultants.com 3 Headstrong Services India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 2000 3,000 headstrong.com 4 RateGain IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Noida 2004 425 rategain.com 5 Quark Chandigarh 1981 300 quark.com 6 Soft Prodigy System Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Mohali 2006 100 softprodigy.com 7 Intuit Technology Services Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 2005 250 intuit.in 8 SAS Institute (India) Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai 1997 500 sas.com 9 Sonata Software Ltd. Bangalore 1994 2,800 sonata-software.com10 Prithvi Information Solutions Ltd. Hyderabad 1998 2,600 prithvisolutions.com

TYPE II COMPANIES 1 Patni Computer Systems Ltd. Mumbai 1978 17,500 patni.com 2 CSC India New Delhi 1991 19,000 csc.com/in 3 Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd. Mumbai 1997 11,562 lntinfotech.com 4 Microsoft (India) Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon 1990 5,500 microsoft.com/in 5 Oracle India Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon 1992 21,000 oracle.com/in 6 National Informatics Centre New Delhi 1976 5,500 nic.in 7 MindTree Ltd. Bangalore 1999 4,300 mindtree.com 8 Polaris Software Lab Ltd. Chennai 1993 10,500 polaris.co.in 9 Fidelity Business Services India Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon 2003 3,100 fisglobal.com 10 Hexaware Technologies Ltd. Mumbai 1990 6,500 hexaware.com


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TYPE III COMPANIES 1 Infosys Technologies Ltd. Bangalore 1981 1,27,779 infosys.com 2 Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Mumbai 1968 1,74,000 tcs.com 3 Accenture Services Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 1987 47,000 accenture.com/india 4 Tech Mahindra Ltd. Pune 1986 34, 200 techmahindra.com 5 MphasiS, an HP Co. Bangalore 2000 36,000 mphasis.com 6 Cognizant Technology Solutions India Pvt.

Ltd. Chennai 1994 1,04,000 cognizant.com

7 HCL Technologies Ltd. Noida 1999 72,267 hcltech.com 8 Wipro Technologies Ltd. Bangalore 1981 1,08,071 wipro.com 9 IBM India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore 1992 75,000 ibm.com/in 10 Capgemini Consulting India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai 1997 30,000 in.capgemini.com

Sources: Annual reports and official websites of companies


B1

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE - I (Questionnaire for Software Engineering Organisations)

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Organisation Name: ____________________________________________

2. Organisation Address: __________________________________________

3. Web site Address/ URL of the Organisation:________________________

4. Core Area of your organisation: Product Development Consultancy Both

5. No. of Employees in your Organisation:

Up to 50 51 – 500 501 – 5,000 More than 5,000

6. Year of Incorporation of your Organisation?

7. Does your company hold any Quality Certification?

(e.g. CMM Level 3, ISO 9001:2000/ ISO 9001:2008, Six Sigma etc.) a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say

8. Do you think there is organisation-wide Awareness about KM?

a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say

9. Select the Stage of Development of the KM initiative in your

Organisation: a) KM program already in place b) Currently setting up a KM program c) No KM program in place/ Not considering one d) Considered a KM program earlier and decided against

NOTE: Please note if you circled option (a) or (b) to Q. No. 9, answer the questions in PART A followed by PART C below. If you circled option (c) or (d) above, please answer the questions in PART B followed by PART C.


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PART A

(A1) KM CULTURE, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) SA

A

N

D

SD

A1_1 Your organisation has a written knowledge management policy or strategy.

A1_2 Your organisation has policies or programs intended to improve employee retention.

A1_3 Your organisation has a values system or culture intended to promote knowledge sharing.

A1_4 Your organisation uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire knowledge.

A1_5 Managing organisational knowledge is central to the organisation’s strategy.

A1_6 Customer value creation is acknowledged as a major objective of KM.

A1_7 Improving software process is acknowledged as a major objective of KM.

A1_8 The organisation understands the revenue-generating potential of its employees and develops strategies for leveraging them.

A1_9 The organisation uses learning to support existing core competencies and create new ones.

A1_10 Individuals are hired, evaluated and compensated for their contributions to the development of organisational knowledge.

A1_11 A climate of openness and trust permeates the organisation.

A1_12 Flexibility and a desire to innovate drive the learning process.

A1_13 Employees take responsibility for their own learning.

(A2) LEADERSHIP IN KM (A2_1) Which of the following is the formal position responsible for KM in your organisation? a) Chief Knowledge Officer b) Chief Learning Officer c) CEO d) One director/Senior manager e) Several directors/managers f) Its everyone’s job g) No formal role exists h) Any other (Pl. specify): ______________________


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(A2_2) Where is KM positioned in your organisation? a) IT/ MIS/ Systems Department b) Quality Department c) Personnel Department d) Top Management case e) Special Department responsible for a concrete project f) Interdisciplinary KM team g) No Separate Department/ Unit exists for KM h) Elsewhere (Pl. specify): ____________________________

(A3) KNOWLEDGE CAPTURE AND ACQUISITION To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) SA

A

N

D

SD

A3_1 Knowledge gaps are systematically identified and well-defined processes are used to close them.

A3_2 All members of the organisation are involved in looking for ideas in traditional and non-traditional places.

A3_3 “Tacit” knowledge (what employees know how to do, but cannot express) is valued and transferred across the organisation.

A3_4 Your organisation regularly captures and uses knowledge obtained from other industry sources such as industrial associations, competitors, clients and suppliers.

A3_5 Your organisation regularly captures and uses knowledge obtained from public research institutions including universities and government laboratories.

A3_6 Your organisation regularly dedicates resources to detecting and obtaining external knowledge and communicating it within your organisation.

A3_7 Your organisation regularly encourages software engineers to participate in project teams with external experts.

A3_8 A formal process of transferring best practices, including documentation and lessons learned exist in the organisation.

A3_9 A sophisticated and ethical intelligence gathering mechanism has been developed.

(A3_10) Please rate from 1 to 9 in order of usage (1 for the highest usage and so on) the following knowledge sources used in your organisation for leveraging external knowledge? a) Sharing experiences on conferences b) Manuals/ Books/ Reviews c) Building networks among different companies d) External databases


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e) Exchanging platforms in the internet (e.g. newsgroups) f) Company Intranet g) Qualifying people h) Exchanging best-practices i) Working groups with members from different companies (A3_11) How are employees provided with knowledge helping them to accomplish their tasks in a better way? a) Employees are provided with knowledge for a determined subject b) Employees are provided with knowledge for a subject which they determine

themselves c) Employees are responsible for providing themselves with knowledge d) The access to knowledge is not specified e) Any other (Pl. specify): __________________

(A4) KNOWLEDGE SHARING (A4_1) Please rate from 1 to 6 in order of usage (1 for the highest usage and so on) the following instruments used for sharing and distributing knowledge in your organisation? a) Papers b) Emails c) Company Intranet d) Groupware Systems (e.g. Lotus Notes) e) Informal Communication f) Formal Communication (A4_2) Does your organisation give any rewards/ incentives for sharing and using Knowledge? a) Yes b) No c) Can’t Say NOTE: If your answer to Question A4_2 is “Yes”, then answer Question A4_3. (A4_3) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? (A = Always; O = Often; S = Sometimes; R = Rarely; N = Never)

Methods of Rewarding Knowledge Sharing A

O

S R N

a) Knowledge sharing and using is considered in appraisal interviews and salary negotiations

b) Knowledge sharing and using are rewarded financially c) Knowledge sharing are rewarded by incentives (e.g. with

special seminars or dinners with top mgt.)

d) Specially engaged employees are praised officially (e.g. reports in the company magazine)

e) Not using the KM systems leads to imposing sanctions


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(A5) TRAINING AND MENTORING To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) SA

A

N

D

SD

A5_1 Your organisation provides formal training related to knowledge management practices.

A5_2 Your organisation provides informal training related to knowledge management.

A5_3 Your organisation uses formal mentoring practices, including apprenticeships.

A5_4 Your organisation encourages experienced employees to transfer their knowledge to new or less experienced employees.

A5_5 Your organisation encourages employees to continue their education by reimbursing tuition fees for successfully completed work-related courses.

A5_6 Your organisation offers off-site training to employees in order to keep skills current.

(A6) COMMUNICATIONS

A6_1 To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) Employees in your organisation share knowledge by: SA

A

N

D

SD

a) Documenting different phases of the software project (e.g. SRS, design document, test cases, implementation plan etc.) and storing these at a central place

b) Regularly updating databases of good work practices, lessons learned or listings of experts

c) Preparing written documentation such as lessons learned, training manuals, good work practices, articles for publication, etc. (organisational memory)

d) Writing project reviews after the completion of the project

e) Facilitating collaborative work by projects teams that are physically separated (“virtual teams”)

f) Identifying “employees who know” and asking them to share their knowledge with others

(A7) KM TECHNOLOGIES

To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree)


B6

SA

A

N

D

SD

A7_1 The organisation has a range of well-organised and integrated techniques for transferring knowledge, meetings, e-mail, bulletin boards, on-line forums and databases.

A7_2 Technology creates an institutional memory that is accessible to the entire organisation.

A7_3 Technology links all members of the organisation to one another and to relevant external publics.

A7_4 The physical environment is designed to facilitate learning and knowledge sharing.

A7_5 Technology brings the organisation closer to its customers.

A7_6 The organisation fosters development of “human-centered” information technology.

A7_7 Technology that supports collaboration is rapidly placed in the hands of employees.

A7_8 Information systems are real-time, integrated, and “smart.”

(A7_9) Please specify the status of the following technical components of your KM system. Please tick (√) in appropriate box.

KM Tools Implemented

Planning to Implement

Not Planned

Internet Technologies Corporate Intranet Data Mining/ Knowledge Discovery Tools

Document Management Systems Groupware Systems Data Repositories AI/ BI Techniques Extranet Teleconferencing/ Videoconferencing

Workflow Management Systems

(A8) KM MEASUREMENT Yes

No

Can’t say

(A8_1) Are there measures for valuating KM activities in your company (e.g. how intensely the intranet is used for knowledge sharing)?

(A8_2) Do you have a performance measurement system in design that measures knowledge reuse and invention in


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software processes?

(A8_3) Do the knowledge management practices currently in use in your organisation have dedicated budgets or spending?

To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) SA

A

N

D

SD

A8_4 The organisation has invented ways to link knowledge to financial results.

A8_5 The organisation has developed a specific set of indicators to manage knowledge.

A8_6 The organisation’s set of measures balances hard and soft as well as financial and non-financial indicators.

A8_7 The organisation allocates resources toward efforts that measurably increase its knowledge base.

(A9) POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF KM

(A9) What according to you could be the potential benefit(s) of KM in the short term and in the long term? Please tick (√) in appropriate box.

Potential Benefits of KM Short Term Long Term Revenue Growth Cost Reduction Competitive Advantage Employee Development & Retention Product Innovation Software Process Improvement Leveraging Internal Knowledge Leveraging External Knowledge Enhancing Customer Focus Building Corporate Repository

(A10) KM IN YOUR ORGANISATION

(A10) Please describe the structure and the tasks of the organisational unit responsible for KM in your organisation. _____________________________________________________________________ (A11) Please describe the rules for KM activities in your organisation. _____________________________________________________________________


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(A12) Are there any KM practices that your organisation uses that we have not included in this survey? If yes, please specify: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (A13) If you have any suggestions or feedback regarding this survey, kindly discuss: _____________________________________________________________________

PART – B

If some KM project failed to materialise in past, what do you think the main causes were? Please select the reason(s): a) Lack of resources b) Financial constraints/ Costs too-high c) Unfavorable ROI/ Investment didn’t justify benefits d) Lack of proper planning e) Lack of time to learn the system f) Lack of time to share knowledge g) System too complicated h) Lack of trust on the system i) Lack of solidarity j) Lack of training to use system efficiently k) Lack of professional consultancy/technical support in KM l) Lack of standards in KM m) Lack of KM software/tools n) Unsuccessful due to technical problems o) Senior management was not behind it p) Users could not see personal/professional benefits q) Lack of user uptake due to insufficient communication r) Employees not motivated to use KMS s) Knowledge sharing not compensated t) Lack of awareness among employees u) Lack of skills in KM techniques v) Unclarity about the objectives and/or benefits of KM w) Employees insecurity about sharing their knowledge x) Everyday use did not integrate into normal working practice y) Organisational culture not appropriate z) Any other (Pl. specify): _________________________________


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PART – C

BARRIERS AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR KM

Given below is the list of factors that may be contributing to the success or failure of KM initiative in your organisation. Please tick mark, as you feel appropriate, on a scale of -3 to +3. The meanings associated with these scales are: -3 Very high contribution to failure +1 Fair contribution to success -2 High contribution to failure +2 High contribution to success -1 Fair contribution to failure +3 Very high contribution to success 0 No contribution

Budget allocation -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 Resource availability IS infrastructure Planning Top management support, commitment and Leadership Company culture Integration of knowledge processes into business processes Users’ adaptability Knowledge structures Understanding of methodology Personal ego Exchange of knowledge and experience Skills in KM Awareness among the members of the organisation Time to learn and share knowledge Learning orientation Information technologies and tools Capturing tacit knowledge Managers’ approach Integration of internal knowledge carriers Integration of external knowledge carriers Networking among experts Personal relationship networks Employees’ motivation Users’ understanding of personal/ professional benefits Well-defined KM processes Trust on the system Performance measurement systems Reward system/ Incentives for knowledge sharing Attitude towards knowledge sharing Documentation (such as lessons learned, training manuals, good work practices, articles for publication etc.)

Training on the use of KMS Professional consultancy/ technical support in KM projects Communication among the members of the organisation Clarity about the objectives and/or benefits of KM Ease of locating, searching and retrieving knowledge or knowledge-carriers

Employee empowerment

Thank you very much for your contribution to this research


B10

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE - II (Questionnaire for Software Engineers)

E1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Name: (Optional) _________________________________________

2. Age in years:

3. Highest Qualifications:

Graduate Postgraduate Ph.D Professional

4. E-mail: (Optional) _________________________________________

5. Contact Number: (Optional) _________________________________

6. Name of the Company you work for: __________________________

7. Address of the Company you work for: ________________________

8. Designation: _______________________________________________

9. Experience in the present job: years

10. Total Experience in the Industry: years

E2. KM AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING (E2_1) How familiar do you consider you are, with respect to Knowledge Management concepts and tools?

a) Very little b) Little c) Somewhat familiar d) Very much familiar e) Can’t say

(E2_2) Do you have a knowledge repository or a KM software system in your company?

a) Yes b) No c) Can’t say

(E2_3) Rank in order of your preference for the source, when you look for the problem-solving information (1 for the most preferred source and 3 for the least preferred):


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a) Look in the corporate knowledge repository b) Use outside sources (e.g. Internet) c) Contact a co-worker

(E2_4) If your previous SE knowledge was well documented and easily accessible to project teams, what difference do you think it could make to the outcome of your most recent project? (Give rating from 1 to 5, 1 for the strongest benefit and so on)

a) Shorter activity time b) Cheaper product c) Better product quality d) Reduced activity budget e) Re-usability

(E2_5) What, according to you, could be the main reasons behind software engineers’ not re-using experience? (Please rate them from 1 to 6 in order of the importance you attach to these factors, 1 for the strongest factor and so on)

a) Lack of incentives/ compensation for reuse b) I would rather be seen as an innovative software professional c) Others don’t share experience d) Nothing is documented well enough e) Project teams don’t discuss things f) Inadequate IT/ software support

E3. KNOWLEDGE SHARING ATTITUDE AND REWARDS (E3_1) To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. (SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; N = Neutral; D = Disagree; SD = Strongly Disagree) SA A N D SD1. Knowledge sharing is good. 2. Knowledge sharing will not make any positive changes in

the company.

3. Sharing knowledge reduces competitiveness among the peers.

4. Knowledge sharing is time consuming and seems to be an additional responsibility.

5. Knowledge sharing must be compensated. (E3_2) Please rate the following means of rewarding knowledge-sharing in order of your preference (Give rating from 1 to 5, 1 for the strongest reward and so on)

a) Higher score in staff Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) b) Provide recognition c) Rewarded financially d) Special incentives like promotions etc. e) No rewards/ scores/ incentives

E4. SOFTWARE ENGINEERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON KM ISSUES


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To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Please tick (√) in appropriate box. Large

Extent Some Extent

Can’t Say

Very Little

Not at all

1. To what extent, your efficiency and productivity has increased due to the induction of KM in your organisation?

2. To what extent, your overall performance in your area of expertise has increased due to the induction of KM in your organisation?

3. To what extent, your overall workload and job-burden has reduced due to the induction of KM in your organisation?

4. To what extent, using KMS has caused extra work-load and stress among employees?

5. To what extent, the software process has improved due to the induction of KM practices in your organisation?

6. To what extent, your organisation promotes and provides atmosphere for sharing of knowledge and experience among its employees?

7. To what extent, KMS in your organisation has made the capture and sharing of knowledge easy?

8. To what extent, knowledge sharing in your organisation is rewarded?

9. To what extent, your organisation provides formal or informal training related to KM practices?

10. To what extent, IT enabled KMS has been able to link all members of the organisation to one another?

11. To what extent, KMS in your organisation has been able to document “Tacit” knowledge (what you know how to do but can’t express)?

12. To what extent, KMS in your organisation has eased collaborative work of projects or teams that are physically


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separated? 13. To what extent, employees are

encouraged to participate in project teams with external experts?

14. To what extent, experienced employees are encouraged to transfer their knowledge to new or less experienced employees?

15. To what extent, process of transferring best practices including documentation and lessons learned exist in your organisation?

E5. KM TECHNOLOGIES (E5_1) Please indicate which type of technology support tools exist in your organisation pertaining to KM systems. Please tick (√) the frequency of use in appropriate box.

Frequency of Use Technology Support Tools

Very

High

Fairly

High

Moderate Fairly

Low

Very

Low

Not

At All

Can’t

Say

Corporate Intranet/ Extranet

Browsers/ Search engines

Search and retrieval tools

Agents/ Filters

E-mail and groupware systems

WWW server/ Communication software

Data repositories

Multimedia repositories

Best practices repositories

Data mining and knowledge discovery tools

External server services

Document management systems

Workflow management systems

Teleconferencing/ Videoconferencing

Communities of Practice

(E5_2) How do you rate the following technologies in terms of their effectiveness in helping you manage knowledge? Please tick (√) in appropriate box.


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Effectiveness in Managing Knowledge Technology

Support Tools Highly

Effective

Fairly

Effective

Moderately

Effective

Less

Effective

Very

Less

Effective

Not At

All

Effective

Can’t

Say

Corporate Intranet/ Extranet

Browsers/ Search engines

Search and retrieval tools

Agents/ Filters

E-mail and groupware systems

WWW server/ Communication software

Data repositories

Multimedia repositories

Best practices repositories

Data mining and knowledge discovery tools

External server services

Document management systems

Workflow management systems

Teleconferencing/ Videoconferencing

Communities of Practice

E6. FEEDBACK (E6_1) What, according to you, is the role of KM in Software Engineering or Software Process Improvement? Kindly elaborate. ____________________________________________________________________ (E6_2) Any other input regarding KM in software process improvement that we have not included in this survey or if you have any suggestions regarding the survey, please specify: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank You Very Much for Your Contribution to this Research


C1

APPENDIX C

Table C1

KM Practices and Frequency (%age) of Responses for each Practice

(N = 155) KM Practice

No. KM Practice SA A N D SD

A1_1 Your organisation has a written knowledge management policy or strategy. 16 10.32

39 25.16

56 36.13

32 20.65

12 7.74

A1_2 Your organisation has policies or programs intended to improve employee retention. 45 29.03

76 49.03

4 2.58

24 15.48

6 3.87

A1_3 Your organisation has a values system or culture intended to promote knowledge sharing. 29 18.71

98 63.23

4 2.58

14 9.03

10 6.45

A1_4 Your organisation uses partnerships or strategic alliances to acquire knowledge. 34 21.94

43 27.74

3 1.94

50 32.26

25 16.13

A1_5 Managing organisational knowledge is central to the organisation’s strategy. 28 18.06

87 56.13

1 0.65

20 12.90

19 12.26

A1_6 Customer value creation is acknowledged as a major objective of KM. 45 29.03

72 46.45

6 3.87

17 10.97

15 9.68

A1_7 Improving software process is acknowledged as a major objective of KM. 20 12.90

56 36.13

43 27.74

25 16.13

11 7.10

A1_8 The organisation understands the revenue-generating potential of its employees and develops strategies for leveraging them.

17 10.97

34 21.94

72 46.45

21 13.55

11 7.10


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A1_9 The organisation uses learning to support existing core competencies and create new ones. 20 12.90

70 45.16

8 5.16

41 26.45

16 10.32

A1_10

Individuals are hired, evaluated and compensated for their contributions to the development of organisational knowledge.

4 2.58

12 7.74

4 2.58

87 56.13

48 30.97

A1_11

A climate of openness and trust permeates the organisation. 10 6.45

19 12.26

3 1.94

77 49.68

46 29.68

A1_12 Flexibility and a desire to innovate drive the learning process. 8 5.16

20 12.90

2 1.29

74 47.74

51 32.90

A1_13

Employees take responsibility for their own learning. 29 18.71

67 43.23

2 1.29

31 20.00

26 16.77

A3_1 Knowledge gaps are systematically identified and well-defined processes are used to close them. 21 13.55

58 37.42

7 4.52

45 29.03

24 15.48

A3_2 All members of the organisation are involved in looking for ideas in traditional and non-traditional places. 16 10.32

50 32.26

2 1.29

48 30.97

39 25.16

A3_3 “Tacit” knowledge (what employees know how to do, but cannot express) is valued and transferred across the organisation.

34 21.94

50 32.26

3 1.94

55 35.48

13 8.39

A3_4 Your organisation regularly captures and uses knowledge obtained from other industry sources such as industrial associations, competitors, clients and suppliers.

19 12.26

47 30.32

4 2.58

63 40.65

22 14.19

A3_5 Your organisation regularly captures and uses knowledge obtained from public research institutions including universities and government laboratories.

11 7.10

20 12.90

61 39.35

51 32.90

12 7.74

A3_6 Your organisation regularly dedicates resources to detecting and obtaining external knowledge and communicating it within your organisation.

18 11.61

43 27.74

5 3.23

72 46.45

17 10.97


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A3_7 Your organisation regularly encourages software engineers to participate in project teams with external experts.

10 6.45

8 5.16

104 67.10

24 15.48

9 5.81

A3_8 A formal process of transferring best practices, including documentation and lessons learned exist in the organisation.

28 18.06

61 39.35

3 1.94

50 32.26

13 8.39

A3_9 A sophisticated and ethical intelligence gathering mechanism has been developed. 8 5.16

19 12.26

38 24.52

66 42.58

24 15.48

A5_1 Your organisation provides formal training related to knowledge management practices. 20 12.90

31 20.00

2 1.29

63 40.65

39 25.16

A5_2 Your organisation provides informal training related to knowledge management. 11 7.10

78 50.32

0 0.00

55 35.48

11 7.10

A5_3 Your organisation uses formal mentoring practices, including apprenticeships. 13 8.39

40 25.81

2 1.29

78 50.32

22 14.19

A5_4 Your organisation encourages experienced employees to transfer their knowledge to new or less experienced employees.

54 34.84

80 51.61

1 0.65

13 8.39

7 4.52

A5_5 Your organisation encourages employees to continue their education by reimbursing tuition fees for successfully completed work-related courses.

30 19.35

75 48.39

1 0.65

36 23.23

13 8.39

A5_6 Your organisation offers off-site training to employees in order to keep skills current. 17 10.97

83 53.55

2 1.29

50 32.26

3 1.94

A7_1 The organisation has a range of well-organised and integrated techniques for transferring knowledge, meetings, e-mail, bulletin boards, on-line forums and databases.

21 13.55

100 64.52

3 1.94

22 14.19

9 5.81

A7_2 Technology creates an institutional memory that is accessible to the entire organisation. 18 11.61

99 63.87

2 1.29

24 15.48

12 7.74


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A7_3 Technology links all members of the organisation to one another and to relevant external publics. 19 12.26

33 21.29

72 46.45

11 7.10

20 12.90

A7_4 The physical environment is designed to facilitate learning and knowledge sharing. 24 15.48

38 24.52

75 48.39

13 8.39

5 3.23

A7_5

Technology brings the organisation closer to its customers. 10 6.45

26 16.77

2 1.29

100 64.52

17 10.97

A7_6

The organisation fosters development of “human-centered” information technology. 9 5.81

9 5.81

2 1.29

111 71.61

24 15.48

A7_7

Technology that supports collaboration is rapidly placed in the hands of employees. 16 10.32

16 10.32

5 3.23

77 49.68

41 26.45

A7_8 Information systems are real-time, integrated, and “smart.” 7 4.52

12 7.74

3 1.94

89 57.42

44 28.39

A8_4 The organisation has invented ways to link knowledge to financial results. 22 14.19

37 23.87

1 0.65

80 51.61

15 9.68

A8_5 The organisation has developed a specific set of indicators to manage knowledge. 13 8.39

45 29.03

3 1.94

87 56.13

7 4.52

A8_6 The organisation’s set of measures balances hard and soft as well as financial and non-financial indicators.

11 7.10

40 25.81

3 1.94

63 40.65

38 24.52

A8_7 The organisation allocates resources toward efforts that measurably increase its knowledge base. 29 18.71

40 25.81

3 1.94

70 45.16

13 8.39

Total of 40 items 814 1931 617 2029 809

40 Questions X 155 Responses = 6200 responses 13.13% 31.15% 9.95% 32.72% 13.05%


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D1

APPENDIX D

Table D1

List of Critical Success Factors and Barriers to the KM adoption and Implementation of

Experience Bases

S. No. CSF Barrier 1. Appropriate Budget allocation Budget constraint 2. Resource availability Resource scarcity 3. Proper IS infrastructure Lack of IS infrastructure 4. Proper Planning Lack of planning and vision 5. Top management support and

commitment/ Leadership Lack of top management support and commitment

6. Knowledge-friendly corporate culture and policies

Company culture does not support

7. Integration of knowledge processes into business processes

Disintegration of knowledge processes into business processes

8. Acceptance among employees/ Users adaptability

Employees have a bad adaptability

9. Appropriate knowledge structure Loose and chaotic knowledge structure 10. Clear understanding of methodology No understanding of methodology 11. Handling knowledge in non-egoistic way Personal ego 12. Good exchange of knowledge and

experience Inability to pass on knowledge/ experience

13. Skills in KM Lack of KM skills 14. Awareness among the members of the

organization/ Employees involvement Lack of awareness among the members of the organization

15. ** No information overload Information overload 16. Adequate time for learning and knowledge

sharing No time to learn/share knowledge

17. Learning orientation Lack of learning orientation 18. Requisite Information technologies and

tools Requisite IT tools not available/ Not using technology to share knowledge effectively

19. ** Learning from the past mistakes Reinventing the wheel syndrome 20. Ease of capturing tacit knowledge Difficulties in capturing tacit knowledge 21. Managers’ broad approach Managers’ narrow approach for their own

area/ dept 22. Good integration of internal knowledge

carriers Bad integration of internal knowledge carriers

23. Good integration of external knowledge carriers

Bad integration of external knowledge carriers

24. Sound networking among experienced and less-experienced software engineers

Lack of networking among experts

25. Solidarity among employees/ Team-work Lack of personal relationship networks 26. Motivated employees Unmotivated Employees 27. Users understanding of

personal/professional benefits Users could not see personal/professional benefits

28. Well-defined processes and routines for knowledge capturing, storing and sharing etc.

Ill-defined processes and routines for knowledge capturing, storing and sharing etc.

29. Trust on the system Lack of trust on the system 30. Availability of performance measurement

systems Performance measurement systems not in place

31. Availability of reward system in place/ Incentives for knowledge sharing

Non-availability of reward system in place/ Incentives for knowledge sharing

32. Positive attitude towards knowledge sharing

Negative attitude towards knowledge sharing


D2

33. Availability of documentation (such as lessons learned, training manuals, good work practices, articles for publication etc.)

Non-availability of documentation (such as lessons learned, training manuals, good work practices, articles for publication etc.)

34. Proper training and education on the use of KMS

Lack of training and education on the use of KMS

35. Availability of professional consultancy/ technical support in KM projects

Non-availability of professional consultancy/ technical support in KM projects

36. Sound communication among members of the organization

Lack of communication among members of the organization

37. Clarity about the objectives and/or benefits of KM

Confusion about the objectives and/or benefits of KM

38. * Benchmarking Lack of benchmarking 39. Ease of locating, searching and retrieving

knowledge or knowledge-carrier Difficulty of locating, searching and retrieving knowledge or knowledge-carrier

40. Employee empowerment Employee has no power Note: Factor marked by an asterisk (*) was dropped from the final instrument after the expert review.

Factors marked by two asterisks (**) were deleted from the final instrument in order to improve

reliability of the final questionnaire.


CSF1 CSF2 CSF3 CSF4 CSF5 CSF6 CSF7 CSF8 CSF9 CSF10 CSF11 CSF12 CSF13 CSF14 CSF15 CSF16 CSF17 CSF18 CSF19 CSF20 CSF21 CSF22 CSF23 CSF24 CSF25 CSF26 CSF27 CSF28 CSF29 CSF30 CSF31 CSF32 CSF33 CSF34 CSF35 CSF36

CSF1 1 0.243 -0.005 0.366 0.078 0.987 0.388 0.23 0.545 0.216 0.353 0.087 0.035 -0.091 0.051 0.089 0.069 0.159 -0.161 0.843 0.321 0.03 0.098 -0.143 -0.049 0.006 0.044 0.105 -0.136 -0.012 0.039 -0.021 -0.006 0.06 -0.117 -0.013

CSF2 0.243 1 0.044 0.356 0.524 0.248 0.914 0.136 0.317 0.553 0.217 0.41 0.399 -0.046 0.558 0.607 0.584 0.572 -0.043 0.298 0.219 -0.012 0.008 -0.073 -0.018 -0.056 -0.017 0.009 -0.1 -0.019 -0.064 0.022 0.028 0.01 -0.004 -0.075

CSF3 -0.005 0.044 1 0.015 0.499 -0.02 0.025 0.819 0.015 0.376 0.372 0.402 0.495 0.688 0.097 0.056 0.11 0.06 0.535 -0.006 0.102 0.039 0.025 0.016 0.09 -0.03 0.051 0.062 0.018 0.077 -0.014 -0.038 -0.018 -0.026 0.032 -0.023

CSF4 0.366 0.356 0.015 1 0.302 0.382 0.346 0.183 0.883 0.343 0.184 0.263 0.171 -0.088 0.277 0.202 0.276 0.237 -0.064 0.42 0.289 0.142 0.007 -0.078 -0.011 -0.054 0.154 0.089 -0.05 0.037 0.005 0.019 -0.125 0.016 0.023 -0.111

CSF5 0.078 0.524 0.499 0.302 1 0.076 0.463 0.46 0.249 0.89 0.316 0.653 0.625 0.31 0.402 0.368 0.407 0.397 0.357 0.133 0.209 0.044 -0.008 -0.055 0.068 -0.061 0.048 0.018 -0.073 0.045 -0.079 0.011 -0.049 -0.012 0.016 -0.05

CSF6 0.987 0.248 -0.02 0.382 0.076 1 0.408 0.227 0.575 0.225 0.347 0.084 0.014 -0.104 0.049 0.076 0.065 0.167 -0.162 0.805 0.328 0.029 0.107 -0.14 -0.047 0.006 0.043 0.116 -0.138 -0.012 0.043 0.006 -0.011 0.053 -0.12 -0.009

CSF7 0.388 0.914 0.025 0.346 0.463 0.408 1 0.188 0.431 0.598 0.289 0.334 0.29 -0.076 0.438 0.454 0.448 0.468 -0.055 0.451 0.251 -0.002 0.08 -0.091 0.011 -0.03 -0.002 0.092 -0.099 0.024 -0.014 0.011 0.029 0 -0.064 -0.049

CSF8 0.23 0.136 0.819 0.183 0.46 0.227 0.188 1 0.251 0.513 0.393 0.34 0.393 0.53 0.123 0.041 0.108 0.115 0.379 0.274 0.221 0.057 0.065 -0.066 0.1 -0.06 0.073 0.124 -0.021 0.118 -0.007 -0.045 -0.046 -0.038 -0.009 -0.026

CSF9 0.545 0.317 0.015 0.883 0.249 0.575 0.431 0.251 1 0.379 0.291 0.206 0.115 -0.103 0.156 0.066 0.139 0.14 -0.081 0.611 0.365 0.156 0.068 -0.14 0.011 -0.049 0.164 0.151 -0.117 0.06 0.024 0.006 -0.134 0.003 -0.03 -0.076

CSF10 0.216 0.553 0.376 0.343 0.89 0.225 0.598 0.513 0.379 1 0.318 0.564 0.469 0.201 0.325 0.286 0.348 0.343 0.258 0.286 0.248 0.013 0.017 -0.083 0.016 -0.067 0.013 0.047 -0.095 0.009 -0.057 -0.002 -0.074 -0.034 -0.007 -0.058

CSF11 0.353 0.217 0.372 0.184 0.316 0.347 0.289 0.393 0.291 0.318 1 0.277 0.239 0.311 0.072 0.046 0.092 0.076 0.241 0.442 0.206 0.049 -0.038 -0.055 -0.045 -0.039 0.069 0.012 -0.031 0.02 0.027 -0.03 -0.035 -0.009 0.06 -0.062

CSF12 0.087 0.41 0.402 0.263 0.653 0.084 0.334 0.34 0.206 0.564 0.277 1 0.493 0.304 0.323 0.308 0.376 0.34 0.335 0.092 0.185 0.022 -0.033 -0.026 -0.014 -0.048 0.032 -0.011 -0.05 -0.029 -0.077 -0.073 0.086 0.072 -0.011 0.003

CSF13 0.035 0.399 0.495 0.171 0.625 0.014 0.29 0.393 0.115 0.469 0.239 0.493 1 0.32 0.36 0.335 0.371 0.335 0.252 0.046 0.156 0.018 -0.049 -0.075 -0.004 -0.082 0.024 -0.044 -0.086 -0.017 -0.102 -0.027 -0.002 -0.009 0.018 -0.025

CSF14 -0.091 -0.046 0.688 -0.088 0.31 -0.104 -0.076 0.53 -0.103 0.201 0.311 0.304 0.32 1 -0.022 -0.042 0.004 -0.021 0.588 -0.1 -0.022 -0.024 -0.033 0.171 0.097 0.054 -0.008 -0.037 0.14 0.045 0.028 0.022 0.084 0.009 0.131 -0.017

CSF15 0.051 0.558 0.097 0.277 0.402 0.049 0.438 0.123 0.156 0.325 0.072 0.323 0.36 -0.022 1 0.613 0.567 0.586 -0.006 0.118 0.129 0.039 0.003 -0.025 0.02 -0.064 0.046 0.023 0.023 0.021 -0.039 0.016 -0.015 -0.005 -0.063 -0.026

CSF16 0.089 0.607 0.056 0.202 0.368 0.076 0.454 0.041 0.066 0.286 0.046 0.308 0.335 -0.042 0.613 1 0.605 0.575 -0.065 0.106 0.021 -0.01 -0.02 0.039 -0.021 -0.002 -0.017 -0.034 0.05 -0.043 -0.024 0.012 0.131 0.037 -0.01 0.02

CSF17 0.069 0.584 0.11 0.276 0.407 0.065 0.448 0.108 0.139 0.348 0.092 0.376 0.371 0.004 0.567 0.605 1 0.606 0.014 0.082 0.098 -0.003 -0.016 0.007 0.065 -0.062 -0.003 -0.032 -0.026 0.021 -0.102 -0.003 -0.049 0.054 0.006 0.02

CSF18 0.159 0.572 0.06 0.237 0.397 0.167 0.468 0.115 0.14 0.343 0.076 0.34 0.335 -0.021 0.586 0.575 0.606 1 -0.009 0.127 0.129 0.044 -0.033 -0.048 0.035 -0.073 0.043 -0.037 -0.03 0.05 -0.09 -0.017 -0.02 0.019 -0.096 -0.013

CSF19 -0.161 -0.043 0.535 -0.064 0.357 -0.162 -0.055 0.379 -0.081 0.258 0.241 0.335 0.252 0.588 -0.006 -0.065 0.014 -0.009 1 -0.15 -0.004 -0.017 -0.041 0.035 0.015 -0.031 -0.022 -0.04 0.034 -0.007 -0.05 -0.013 0.014 -0.092 0.057 -0.01

CSF20 0.843 0.298 -0.006 0.42 0.133 0.805 0.451 0.274 0.611 0.286 0.442 0.092 0.046 -0.1 0.118 0.106 0.082 0.127 -0.15 1 0.359 0.072 0.095 -0.171 0.005 -0.022 0.087 0.127 -0.128 0.046 0.027 -0.079 -0.037 0.04 -0.067 -0.036

CSF21 0.321 0.219 0.102 0.289 0.209 0.328 0.251 0.221 0.365 0.248 0.206 0.185 0.156 -0.022 0.129 0.021 0.098 0.129 -0.004 0.359 1 0.093 -0.059 -0.153 -0.075 -0.154 0.088 -0.024 -0.151 -0.004 -0.117 -0.013 -0.113 -0.052 -0.04 -0.107

CSF22 0.03 -0.012 0.039 0.142 0.044 0.029 -0.002 0.057 0.156 0.013 0.049 0.022 0.018 -0.024 0.039 -0.01 -0.003 0.044 -0.017 0.072 0.093 1 0.169 -0.049 0.467 0.007 0.983 0.365 0.203 0.688 0.186 0.307 -0.068 -0.099 -0.138 0.071

CSF23 0.098 0.008 0.025 0.007 -0.008 0.107 0.08 0.065 0.068 0.017 -0.038 -0.033 -0.049 -0.033 0.003 -0.02 -0.016 -0.033 -0.041 0.095 -0.059 0.169 1 0.107 0.387 0.504 0.179 0.899 0.104 0.317 0.497 0.049 0.34 0.493 -0.009 0.598

CSF24 -0.143 -0.073 0.016 -0.078 -0.055 -0.14 -0.091 -0.066 -0.14 -0.083 -0.055 -0.026 -0.075 0.171 -0.025 0.039 0.007 -0.048 0.035 -0.171 -0.153 -0.049 0.107 1 0.118 0.607 -0.041 0.021 0.808 0.03 0.416 0.368 0.472 0.467 0.569 0.166

CSF25 -0.049 -0.018 0.09 -0.011 0.068 -0.047 0.011 0.1 0.011 0.016 -0.045 -0.014 -0.004 0.097 0.02 -0.021 0.065 0.035 0.015 0.005 -0.075 0.467 0.387 0.118 1 0.297 0.488 0.397 0.208 0.867 0.282 0.132 0.204 0.207 0.006 0.311

CSF26 0.006 -0.056 -0.03 -0.054 -0.061 0.006 -0.03 -0.06 -0.049 -0.067 -0.039 -0.048 -0.082 0.054 -0.064 -0.002 -0.062 -0.073 -0.031 -0.022 -0.154 0.007 0.504 0.607 0.297 1 0.024 0.423 0.509 0.169 0.868 0.32 0.617 0.725 0.422 0.437

CSF27 0.044 -0.017 0.051 0.154 0.048 0.043 -0.002 0.073 0.164 0.013 0.069 0.032 0.024 -0.008 0.046 -0.017 -0.003 0.043 -0.022 0.087 0.088 0.983 0.179 -0.041 0.488 0.024 1 0.394 0.226 0.727 0.216 0.321 -0.069 -0.073 -0.116 0.07

CSF28 0.105 0.009 0.062 0.089 0.018 0.116 0.092 0.124 0.151 0.047 0.012 -0.011 -0.044 -0.037 0.023 -0.034 -0.032 -0.037 -0.04 0.127 -0.024 0.365 0.899 0.021 0.397 0.423 0.394 1 0.159 0.477 0.572 0.139 0.21 0.348 -0.039 0.466

CSF29 -0.136 -0.1 0.018 -0.05 -0.073 -0.138 -0.099 -0.021 -0.117 -0.095 -0.031 -0.05 -0.086 0.14 0.023 0.05 -0.026 -0.03 0.034 -0.128 -0.151 0.203 0.104 0.808 0.208 0.509 0.226 0.159 1 0.264 0.558 0.406 0.343 0.296 0.443 0.138

CSF30 -0.012 -0.019 0.077 0.037 0.045 -0.012 0.024 0.118 0.06 0.009 0.02 -0.029 -0.017 0.045 0.021 -0.043 0.021 0.05 -0.007 0.046 -0.004 0.688 0.317 0.03 0.867 0.169 0.727 0.477 0.264 1 0.315 0.234 0.041 0.069 -0.062 0.173

CSF31 0.039 -0.064 -0.014 0.005 -0.079 0.043 -0.014 -0.007 0.024 -0.057 0.027 -0.077 -0.102 0.028 -0.039 -0.024 -0.102 -0.09 -0.05 0.027 -0.117 0.186 0.497 0.416 0.282 0.868 0.216 0.572 0.558 0.315 1 0.342 0.463 0.563 0.299 0.367

CSF32 -0.021 0.022 -0.038 0.019 0.011 0.006 0.011 -0.045 0.006 -0.002 -0.03 -0.073 -0.027 0.022 0.016 0.012 -0.003 -0.017 -0.013 -0.079 -0.013 0.307 0.049 0.368 0.132 0.32 0.321 0.139 0.406 0.234 0.342 1 0.219 0.215 0.358 -0.057

CSF33 -0.006 0.028 -0.018 -0.125 -0.049 -0.011 0.029 -0.046 -0.134 -0.074 -0.035 0.086 -0.002 0.084 -0.015 0.131 -0.049 -0.02 0.014 -0.037 -0.113 -0.068 0.34 0.472 0.204 0.617 -0.069 0.21 0.343 0.041 0.463 0.219 1 0.52 0.359 0.333

CSF34 0.06 0.01 -0.026 0.016 -0.012 0.053 0 -0.038 0.003 -0.034 -0.009 0.072 -0.009 0.009 -0.005 0.037 0.054 0.019 -0.092 0.04 -0.052 -0.099 0.493 0.467 0.207 0.725 -0.073 0.348 0.296 0.069 0.563 0.215 0.52 1 0.391 0.414

CSF35 -0.117 -0.004 0.032 0.023 0.016 -0.12 -0.064 -0.009 -0.03 -0.007 0.06 -0.011 0.018 0.131 -0.063 -0.01 0.006 -0.096 0.057 -0.067 -0.04 -0.138 -0.009 0.569 0.006 0.422 -0.116 -0.039 0.443 -0.062 0.299 0.358 0.359 0.391 1 0.03

CSF36 -0.013 -0.075 -0.023 -0.111 -0.05 -0.009 -0.049 -0.026 -0.076 -0.058 -0.062 0.003 -0.025 -0.017 -0.026 0.02 0.02 -0.013 -0.01 -0.036 -0.107 0.071 0.598 0.166 0.311 0.437 0.07 0.466 0.138 0.173 0.367 -0.057 0.333 0.414 0.03 1

CSF37 -0.045 -0.012 -0.041 -0.063 -0.043 -0.033 -0.009 -0.051 -0.05 -0.065 -0.091 -0.036 -0.07 -0.025 0.043 0.047 -0.013 0.001 0.009 -0.042 -0.049 0.077 0.623 0.133 0.302 0.439 0.07 0.469 0.056 0.169 0.353 0.047 0.412 0.407 0.048 0.636

Correlation

Table D2: Correlation Matrix

APPENDIX - D

D4


CSF1 CSF2 CSF3 CSF4 CSF5 CSF6 CSF7 CSF8 CSF9 CSF10 CSF11 CSF12 CSF13 CSF14 CSF15 CSF16 CSF17 CSF18 CSF19 CSF20 CSF21 CSF22 CSF23 CSF24 CSF25 CSF26 CSF27 CSF28 CSF29 CSF30 CSF31 CSF32 CSF33 CSF34 CSF35 CSF36Table D2: Correlation Matrix

APPENDIX - D

CSF1 0 0.467 0 0.103 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.079 0.283 0.071 0.205 0.075 0.13 0.005 0.004 0 0 0.315 0.055 0.01 0.216 0.458 0.238 0.044 0.014 0.424 0.263 0.364 0.462 0.167 0.029 0.42

CSF2 0 0.236 0 0 0 0 0.014 0 0 0 0 0 0.23 0 0 0 0 0.242 0 0 0.424 0.449 0.117 0.389 0.181 0.39 0.44 0.053 0.38 0.149 0.359 0.323 0.434 0.475 0.113

CSF3 0.467 0.236 0.406 0 0.375 0.341 0 0.403 0 0 0 0 0 0.058 0.181 0.037 0.166 0 0.46 0.05 0.262 0.346 0.395 0.073 0.312 0.204 0.156 0.383 0.106 0.413 0.271 0.384 0.339 0.304 0.355

CSF4 0 0 0.406 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.003 0.077 0 0 0 0 0.149 0 0 0.011 0.453 0.102 0.427 0.191 0.006 0.076 0.211 0.275 0.47 0.377 0.021 0.397 0.356 0.035

CSF5 0.103 0 0 0 0.109 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.015 0 0.238 0.448 0.189 0.137 0.161 0.22 0.385 0.12 0.236 0.101 0.431 0.212 0.422 0.398 0.211

CSF6 0 0 0.375 0 0.109 0 0 0 0 0 0.086 0.41 0.046 0.214 0.108 0.146 0.003 0.004 0 0 0.32 0.042 0.011 0.223 0.461 0.242 0.03 0.012 0.426 0.245 0.459 0.427 0.195 0.025 0.443

CSF7 0 0 0.341 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0.109 0 0 0 0 0.188 0 0 0.485 0.097 0.07 0.432 0.311 0.489 0.069 0.055 0.349 0.409 0.429 0.318 0.498 0.151 0.212

CSF8 0 0.014 0 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.023 0.253 0.04 0.031 0 0 0 0.179 0.147 0.142 0.053 0.167 0.117 0.022 0.367 0.028 0.458 0.235 0.228 0.271 0.44 0.334

CSF9 0 0 0.403 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.048 0.005 0.141 0.012 0.011 0.096 0 0 0.006 0.134 0.012 0.427 0.214 0.004 0.007 0.029 0.164 0.347 0.463 0.015 0.478 0.311 0.108

CSF10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.416 0.393 0.089 0.397 0.137 0.418 0.222 0.062 0.443 0.177 0.487 0.116 0.294 0.457 0.176

CSF11 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.123 0.226 0.068 0.108 0 0 0 0.216 0.269 0.185 0.233 0.266 0.133 0.421 0.308 0.372 0.328 0.316 0.287 0.44 0.167 0.158

CSF12 0.079 0 0 0 0 0.086 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.067 0.001 0.358 0.298 0.339 0.413 0.217 0.304 0.433 0.211 0.319 0.105 0.119 0.082 0.121 0.429 0.479

CSF13 0.283 0 0 0.003 0 0.41 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.23 0.006 0.385 0.214 0.111 0.476 0.092 0.35 0.237 0.083 0.393 0.05 0.329 0.485 0.442 0.386 0.341

CSF14 0.071 0.23 0 0.077 0 0.046 0.109 0 0.048 0.001 0 0 0 0.361 0.248 0.473 0.367 0 0.052 0.363 0.349 0.299 0.003 0.059 0.19 0.446 0.276 0.011 0.233 0.324 0.358 0.088 0.439 0.017 0.393

CSF15 0.205 0 0.058 0 0 0.214 0 0.023 0.005 0 0.123 0 0 0.361 0 0 0 0.463 0.028 0.018 0.264 0.478 0.341 0.373 0.151 0.23 0.357 0.358 0.365 0.265 0.4 0.405 0.47 0.154 0.336

CSF16 0.075 0 0.181 0 0 0.108 0 0.253 0.141 0 0.226 0 0 0.248 0 0 0 0.148 0.042 0.364 0.436 0.374 0.264 0.368 0.486 0.39 0.293 0.209 0.241 0.352 0.42 0.017 0.274 0.437 0.374

CSF17 0.13 0 0.037 0 0 0.146 0 0.04 0.012 0 0.068 0 0 0.473 0 0 0 0.408 0.093 0.055 0.478 0.396 0.457 0.147 0.156 0.481 0.301 0.338 0.37 0.048 0.482 0.215 0.19 0.461 0.374

CSF18 0.005 0 0.166 0 0 0.003 0 0.031 0.011 0 0.108 0 0 0.367 0 0 0 0.445 0.019 0.018 0.236 0.295 0.22 0.284 0.117 0.245 0.276 0.312 0.209 0.073 0.394 0.371 0.382 0.06 0.417

CSF19 0.004 0.242 0 0.149 0 0.004 0.188 0 0.096 0 0 0 0 0 0.463 0.148 0.408 0.445 0.007 0.476 0.391 0.252 0.285 0.403 0.31 0.361 0.257 0.292 0.455 0.21 0.417 0.411 0.069 0.18 0.435

CSF20 0 0 0.46 0 0.015 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.067 0.23 0.052 0.028 0.042 0.093 0.019 0.007 0 0.122 0.062 0.003 0.47 0.361 0.08 0.02 0.019 0.228 0.331 0.1 0.276 0.26 0.141 0.278

CSF21 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0.006 0.363 0.018 0.364 0.055 0.018 0.476 0 0.066 0.168 0.006 0.112 0.006 0.078 0.351 0.007 0.474 0.029 0.42 0.034 0.199 0.257 0.041

CSF22 0.315 0.424 0.262 0.011 0.238 0.32 0.485 0.179 0.006 0.416 0.216 0.358 0.385 0.349 0.264 0.436 0.478 0.236 0.391 0.122 0.066 0.003 0.215 0 0.452 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0.136 0.054 0.012 0.124

CSF23 0.055 0.449 0.346 0.453 0.448 0.042 0.097 0.147 0.134 0.393 0.269 0.298 0.214 0.299 0.478 0.374 0.396 0.295 0.252 0.062 0.168 0.003 0.041 0 0 0.002 0 0.046 0 0 0.213 0 0 0.441 0

CSF24 0.01 0.117 0.395 0.102 0.189 0.011 0.07 0.142 0.012 0.089 0.185 0.339 0.111 0.003 0.341 0.264 0.457 0.22 0.285 0.003 0.006 0.215 0.041 0.028 0 0.255 0.369 0 0.312 0 0 0 0 0 0.003

CSF25 0.216 0.389 0.073 0.427 0.137 0.223 0.432 0.053 0.427 0.397 0.233 0.413 0.476 0.059 0.373 0.368 0.147 0.284 0.403 0.47 0.112 0 0 0.028 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.016 0 0 0.462 0

CSF26 0.458 0.181 0.312 0.191 0.161 0.461 0.311 0.167 0.214 0.137 0.266 0.217 0.092 0.19 0.151 0.486 0.156 0.117 0.31 0.361 0.006 0.452 0 0 0 0.35 0 0 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0

CSF27 0.238 0.39 0.204 0.006 0.22 0.242 0.489 0.117 0.004 0.418 0.133 0.304 0.35 0.446 0.23 0.39 0.481 0.245 0.361 0.08 0.078 0 0.002 0.255 0 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 0.133 0.118 0.03 0.128

CSF28 0.044 0.44 0.156 0.076 0.385 0.03 0.069 0.022 0.007 0.222 0.421 0.433 0.237 0.276 0.357 0.293 0.301 0.276 0.257 0.02 0.351 0 0 0.369 0 0 0 0.005 0 0 0.012 0 0 0.263 0

CSF29 0.014 0.053 0.383 0.211 0.12 0.012 0.055 0.367 0.029 0.062 0.308 0.211 0.083 0.011 0.358 0.209 0.338 0.312 0.292 0.019 0.007 0 0.046 0 0 0 0 0.005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.013

CSF30 0.424 0.38 0.106 0.275 0.236 0.426 0.349 0.028 0.164 0.443 0.372 0.319 0.393 0.233 0.365 0.241 0.37 0.209 0.455 0.228 0.474 0 0 0.312 0 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0.254 0.134 0.158 0.002

CSF31 0.263 0.149 0.413 0.47 0.101 0.245 0.409 0.458 0.347 0.177 0.328 0.105 0.05 0.324 0.265 0.352 0.048 0.073 0.21 0.331 0.029 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CSF32 0.364 0.359 0.271 0.377 0.431 0.459 0.429 0.235 0.463 0.487 0.316 0.119 0.329 0.358 0.4 0.42 0.482 0.394 0.417 0.1 0.42 0 0.213 0 0.016 0 0 0.012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.177

CSF33 0.462 0.323 0.384 0.021 0.212 0.427 0.318 0.228 0.015 0.116 0.287 0.082 0.485 0.088 0.405 0.017 0.215 0.371 0.411 0.276 0.034 0.136 0 0 0 0 0.133 0 0 0.254 0 0 0 0 0

CSF34 0.167 0.434 0.339 0.397 0.422 0.195 0.498 0.271 0.478 0.294 0.44 0.121 0.442 0.439 0.47 0.274 0.19 0.382 0.069 0.26 0.199 0.054 0 0 0 0 0.118 0 0 0.134 0 0 0 0 0

CSF35 0.029 0.475 0.304 0.356 0.398 0.025 0.151 0.44 0.311 0.457 0.167 0.429 0.386 0.017 0.154 0.437 0.461 0.06 0.18 0.141 0.257 0.012 0.441 0 0.462 0 0.03 0.263 0 0.158 0 0 0 0 0.313

CSF36 0.42 0.113 0.355 0.035 0.211 0.443 0.212 0.334 0.108 0.176 0.158 0.479 0.341 0.393 0.336 0.374 0.374 0.417 0.435 0.278 0.041 0.124 0 0.003 0 0 0.128 0 0.013 0.002 0 0.177 0 0 0.313

CSF37 0.233 0.426 0.255 0.155 0.244 0.296 0.442 0.203 0.209 0.147 0.069 0.281 0.128 0.342 0.242 0.222 0.415 0.494 0.445 0.249 0.214 0.106 0 0.016 0 0 0.129 0 0.183 0.003 0 0.224 0 0 0.217 0

Sig.

(

1-tailed

)

D4


CSF37-0.045-0.012-0.041-0.063-0.043-0.033-0.009-0.051

-0.05-0.065-0.091-0.036

-0.07-0.0250.0430.047

-0.0130.0010.009

-0.042-0.0490.0770.6230.1330.3020.439

0.070.4690.0560.1690.3530.0470.4120.4070.0480.636

1

D4


CSF370.2330.4260.2550.1550.2440.2960.4420.2030.2090.1470.0690.2810.1280.3420.2420.2220.4150.4940.4450.2490.2140.106

00.016

00

0.1290

0.1830.003

00.224

00

0.2170

D4



CSF1 0.011 -0.005 -0.008 -0.007 0.003 -0.011 0.006 0.008 0.01 -0.003 0.013 0.002 -0.011 -0.003 0.004 0.002 -0.002 0.006 0.002 -0.025 0.006 0 0 0.002 0.004 -0.002 0.001 0.001 -0.002 -0.003 0.001 0.012 -0.005 -0.003 0.004 -0.002

CSF2 -0.005 0.058 0.018 -0.024 -0.019 0.005 -0.052 -0.016 0.017 0.022 0.002 -0.021 -0.013 -0.01 -0.007 -0.035 -0.016 -0.011 0.015 0.013 -0.012 -0.005 0 -0.004 -0.004 0.005 0.003 0.002 0.012 0.005 -0.006 -0.01 0.018 -0.003 -0.037 0.008

CSF3 -0.008 0.018 0.122 0.008 -0.043 0.008 -0.019 -0.107 -0.003 0.045 -0.034 -0.021 -0.022 -0.05 0.009 -0.021 -0.01 0.023 -0.028 0.033 -0.003 -0.003 0 -0.015 -0.009 0.007 0.001 -0.001 0.015 0.01 -0.01 0.005 0.028 0.001 -0.008 0.016

CSF4 -0.007 -0.024 0.008 0.114 -0.01 0.008 0.025 -0.008 -0.086 0.006 0.007 0.001 0.029 0.003 -0.015 -0.008 -0.028 -0.007 0 0.026 0.012 0.006 -0.002 0.004 0.005 -0.001 -0.005 0.001 -0.011 -0.002 0.002 0.01 -0.006 -0.001 0 0.019

CSF5 0.003 -0.019 -0.043 -0.01 0.07 -0.003 0.023 0.049 0.007 -0.063 -0.02 -0.017 -0.051 0.004 -0.017 -0.007 0.017 -0.015 -0.016 -0.009 -0.013 0.003 0.004 0.007 -0.003 -0.008 -0.002 -0.005 -0.007 -0.003 0.01 -0.008 0 -0.002 0.011 0.003

CSF6 -0.011 0.005 0.008 0.008 -0.003 0.012 -0.006 -0.009 -0.011 0.003 -0.013 -0.003 0.012 0.003 -0.001 -0.002 0.002 -0.009 0 0.022 -0.008 0.001 0 -0.002 -0.004 0.002 0 -3.12E-05 0.003 0.003 -0.002 -0.016 0.005 0.004 -0.002 0.001

CSF7 0.006 -0.052 -0.019 0.025 0.023 -0.006 0.056 0.022 -0.019 -0.029 -0.01 0.018 0.003 0.009 -0.002 0.02 0.006 0.001 -0.009 -0.017 0.008 0.004 0 0.004 0.006 -0.005 -0.002 -0.002 -0.01 -0.008 0.006 0.007 -0.024 0.007 0.035 -0.001

CSF8 0.008 -0.016 -0.107 -0.008 0.049 -0.009 0.022 0.142 0.003 -0.059 0.014 0.025 -0.015 -0.014 -0.018 0.017 0.009 -0.021 0.012 -0.036 -0.016 0.002 0.005 0.017 0.008 -0.008 -1.08E-05 -0.006 -0.018 -0.012 0.012 0.004 -0.029 -0.005 0.01 -0.01

CSF9 0.01 0.017 -0.003 -0.086 0.007 -0.011 -0.019 0.003 0.08 -0.005 0.001 -0.008 -0.029 0.001 0.009 0.01 0.017 0.012 0 -0.034 -0.017 -0.005 0.004 -0.007 -0.008 0.002 0.004 -0.004 0.012 0.005 -0.003 0.001 0.015 -0.003 -0.007 -0.008

CSF10 -0.003 0.022 0.045 0.006 -0.063 0.003 -0.029 -0.059 -0.005 0.073 0.017 -0.016 0.031 0.002 0.018 0.002 -0.012 0.01 0.003 0.009 0.009 -0.003 -0.005 -0.01 -0.001 0.008 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.006 -0.011 -0.003 0.018 0.006 -0.017 -0.002

CSF11 0.013 0.002 -0.034 0.007 -0.02 -0.013 -0.01 0.014 0.001 0.017 0.548 -0.022 0.003 -0.059 0.019 0.023 -0.024 0.019 -0.038 -0.082 0.027 0.004 -0.009 -0.014 0.029 0.018 -0.005 0.018 0.021 -0.016 -0.024 0.036 -0.005 -0.007 -0.05 -0.025

CSF12 0.002 -0.021 -0.021 0.001 -0.017 -0.003 0.018 0.025 -0.008 -0.016 -0.022 0.435 -0.017 -0.031 -0.008 0.02 -0.044 -0.004 -0.06 0.009 -0.026 0.006 0.025 0.017 0.009 -0.008 -0.007 -0.022 -0.021 0.003 0.02 0.077 -0.11 -0.073 0.055 -0.029

CSF13 -0.011 -0.013 -0.022 0.029 -0.051 0.012 0.003 -0.015 -0.029 0.031 0.003 -0.017 0.453 -0.016 -0.03 0.003 -0.028 -0.011 0.037 0.028 -0.013 0.004 -0.011 0.016 0.013 -0.002 -0.005 0.012 -0.003 -0.002 0.002 -0.008 -0.031 0.005 -0.022 -0.037

CSF14 -0.003 -0.01 -0.05 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.009 -0.014 0.001 0.002 -0.059 -0.031 -0.016 0.394 0.023 0.016 0.024 -0.011 -0.148 0.007 0.024 0.011 -0.006 -0.025 -0.025 0.011 -0.009 0.009 0.008 0.014 -0.013 -0.015 -0.003 0.018 0.006 0.014

CSF15 0.004 -0.007 0.009 -0.015 -0.017 -0.001 -0.002 -0.018 0.009 0.018 0.019 -0.008 -0.03 0.023 0.451 -0.095 -0.055 -0.101 -0.002 -0.026 -0.028 0.009 0 -0.007 -0.018 0.013 -0.008 -0.001 -0.007 0.018 -0.012 -0.023 0.022 0.009 0.041 0.027

CSF16 0.002 -0.035 -0.021 -0.008 -0.007 -0.002 0.02 0.017 0.01 0.002 0.023 0.02 0.003 0.016 -0.095 0.387 -0.092 -0.052 0.039 -0.02 0.068 -0.003 0.007 0.009 0.009 -0.002 0.003 -0.004 -0.021 4.32E-05 0.004 0.011 -0.086 0.015 0.032 -0.019

CSF17 -0.002 -0.016 -0.01 -0.028 0.017 0.002 0.006 0.009 0.017 -0.012 -0.024 -0.044 -0.028 0.024 -0.055 -0.092 0.422 -0.106 -0.015 0.006 -0.01 0.001 0 -0.016 -0.028 0.006 0 -0.002 0.014 0.012 -0.002 -0.026 0.077 -0.02 -0.018 -0.037

CSF18 0.006 -0.011 0.023 -0.007 -0.015 -0.009 0.001 -0.021 0.012 0.01 0.019 -0.004 -0.011 -0.011 -0.101 -0.052 -0.106 0.443 -0.006 0.01 0.004 -0.006 0.001 0.014 0.027 -0.013 0.005 0.004 -0.016 -0.025 0.014 0.042 0.004 -0.03 0.029 -0.003

CSF19 0.002 0.015 -0.028 0 -0.016 0 -0.009 0.012 0 0.003 -0.038 -0.06 0.037 -0.148 -0.002 0.039 -0.015 -0.006 0.525 0.006 0.011 -0.01 -0.003 0.025 0.018 -0.014 0.01 0.002 -0.021 -0.011 0.014 -0.014 -0.013 0.049 -0.023 -0.003

CSF20 -0.025 0.013 0.033 0.026 -0.009 0.022 -0.017 -0.036 -0.034 0.009 -0.082 0.009 0.028 0.007 -0.026 -0.02 0.006 0.01 0.006 0.128 -0.034 0.001 0.003 0.009 -0.01 -0.003 -0.001 -0.004 -0.008 0.007 0.005 0.015 0.01 -0.006 -0.029 0.016

CSF21 0.006 -0.012 -0.003 0.012 -0.013 -0.008 0.008 -0.016 -0.017 0.009 0.027 -0.026 -0.013 0.024 -0.028 0.068 -0.01 0.004 0.011 -0.034 0.74 -0.01 -0.003 -0.005 0.032 0.008 0.007 0.01 0.011 -0.02 -0.003 0.007 -0.007 -0.024 -0.026 0.013

CSF22 0 -0.005 -0.003 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.002 -0.005 -0.003 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.011 0.009 -0.003 0.001 -0.006 -0.01 0.001 -0.01 0.027 -0.006 -0.003 -0.006 0.001 -0.024 0.006 0.002 0.008 -0.002 -0.005 -0.005 0.015 0.013 -8.76E-05

CSF23 0 0 0 -0.002 0.004 0 0 0.005 0.004 -0.005 -0.009 0.025 -0.011 -0.006 0 0.007 0 0.001 -0.003 0.003 -0.003 -0.006 0.061 0.007 -0.018 -0.016 0.006 -0.055 -0.011 0.015 0.023 0.018 -0.008 -0.039 0.024 -0.018

CSF24 0.002 -0.004 -0.015 0.004 0.007 -0.002 0.004 0.017 -0.007 -0.01 -0.014 0.017 0.016 -0.025 -0.007 0.009 -0.016 0.014 0.025 0.009 -0.005 -0.003 0.007 0.11 0.014 -0.048 0.004 -0.007 -0.1 -0.007 0.051 -0.004 -0.02 -0.025 -0.027 0.008

CSF25 0.004 -0.004 -0.009 0.005 -0.003 -0.004 0.006 0.008 -0.008 -0.001 0.029 0.009 0.013 -0.025 -0.018 0.009 -0.028 0.027 0.018 -0.01 0.032 -0.006 -0.018 0.014 0.103 -0.023 0.009 0.02 -0.006 -0.077 0.02 0.028 -0.035 0.008 -0.006 -0.026

CSF26 -0.002 0.005 0.007 -0.001 -0.008 0.002 -0.005 -0.008 0.002 0.008 0.018 -0.008 -0.002 0.011 0.013 -0.002 0.006 -0.013 -0.014 -0.003 0.008 0.001 -0.016 -0.048 -0.023 0.055 -0.002 0.017 0.044 0.015 -0.051 -0.014 -0.01 -0.02 -0.012 -0.005

CSF27 0.001 0.003 0.001 -0.005 -0.002 0 -0.002 -1.08E-05 0.004 0.002 -0.005 -0.007 -0.005 -0.009 -0.008 0.003 0 0.005 0.01 -0.001 0.007 -0.024 0.006 0.004 0.009 -0.002 0.023 -0.006 -0.004 -0.012 0.003 -0.003 0.004 -0.011 -0.007 -0.002

CSF28 0.001 0.002 -0.001 0.001 -0.005 -3.12E-05 -0.002 -0.006 -0.004 0.005 0.018 -0.022 0.012 0.009 -0.001 -0.004 -0.002 0.004 0.002 -0.004 0.01 0.006 -0.055 -0.007 0.02 0.017 -0.006 0.059 0.015 -0.018 -0.027 -0.014 0.007 0.028 -0.018 0.002

CSF29 -0.002 0.012 0.015 -0.011 -0.007 0.003 -0.01 -0.018 0.012 0.01 0.021 -0.021 -0.003 0.008 -0.007 -0.021 0.014 -0.016 -0.021 -0.008 0.011 0.002 -0.011 -0.1 -0.006 0.044 -0.004 0.015 0.127 0 -0.055 -0.014 0.01 0.03 -0.018 -0.021

CSF30 -0.003 0.005 0.01 -0.002 -0.003 0.003 -0.008 -0.012 0.005 0.006 -0.016 0.003 -0.002 0.014 0.018 4.32E-05 0.012 -0.025 -0.011 0.007 -0.02 0.008 0.015 -0.007 -0.077 0.015 -0.012 -0.018 0 0.072 -0.013 -0.016 0.023 -0.008 0.007 0.02

CSF31 0.001 -0.006 -0.01 0.002 0.01 -0.002 0.006 0.012 -0.003 -0.011 -0.024 0.02 0.002 -0.013 -0.012 0.004 -0.002 0.014 0.014 0.005 -0.003 -0.002 0.023 0.051 0.02 -0.051 0.003 -0.027 -0.055 -0.013 0.06 0.008 -0.008 -0.01 0.012 0

CSF32 0.012 -0.01 0.005 0.01 -0.008 -0.016 0.007 0.004 0.001 -0.003 0.036 0.077 -0.008 -0.015 -0.023 0.011 -0.026 0.042 -0.014 0.015 0.007 -0.005 0.018 -0.004 0.028 -0.014 -0.003 -0.014 -0.014 -0.016 0.008 0.568 -0.044 -0.043 -0.103 0.086

CSF33 -0.005 0.018 0.028 -0.006 0 0.005 -0.024 -0.029 0.015 0.018 -0.005 -0.11 -0.031 -0.003 0.022 -0.086 0.077 0.004 -0.013 0.01 -0.007 -0.005 -0.008 -0.02 -0.035 -0.01 0.004 0.007 0.01 0.023 -0.008 -0.044 0.447 -0.014 -0.064 0.021

CSF34 -0.003 -0.003 0.001 -0.001 -0.002 0.004 0.007 -0.005 -0.003 0.006 -0.007 -0.073 0.005 0.018 0.009 0.015 -0.02 -0.03 0.049 -0.006 -0.024 0.015 -0.039 -0.025 0.008 -0.02 -0.011 0.028 0.03 -0.008 -0.01 -0.043 -0.014 0.339 -0.057 -0.023

CSF35 0.004 -0.037 -0.008 0 0.011 -0.002 0.035 0.01 -0.007 -0.017 -0.05 0.055 -0.022 0.006 0.041 0.032 -0.018 0.029 -0.023 -0.029 -0.026 0.013 0.024 -0.027 -0.006 -0.012 -0.007 -0.018 -0.018 0.007 0.012 -0.103 -0.064 -0.057 0.497 0.004

CSF36 -0.002 0.008 0.016 0.019 0.003 0.001 -0.001 -0.01 -0.008 -0.002 -0.025 -0.029 -0.037 0.014 0.027 -0.019 -0.037 -0.003 -0.003 0.016 0.013 -8.76E-05 -0.018 0.008 -0.026 -0.005 -0.002 0.002 -0.021 0.02 0 0.086 0.021 -0.023 0.004 0.453

CSF37 0.006 -0.009 -0.004 -0.004 -0.003 -0.006 0.009 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.015 0.018 0.038 0 -0.039 -0.013 0.026 -0.005 -0.034 -0.015 -0.037 0 -0.045 -0.005 0.003 0.002 -0.002 0.028 0.027 -0.005 -0.01 -0.026 -0.072 0.014 0 -0.163

APPENDIX - D

Anti-i

mage Covariance

Table D3: Anti-image Matrices

D6



APPENDIX - D

Table D3: Anti-image Matrices

CSF1 .597a -0.18 -0.206 -0.207 0.093 -0.977 0.23 0.205 0.327 -0.106 0.165 0.032 -0.156 -0.048 0.052 0.026 -0.033 0.087 0.021 -0.676 0.071 -0.048 -0.009 0.049 0.126 -0.076 0.038 0.025 -0.045 -0.112 0.056 0.148 -0.073 -0.051 0.058 -0.022

CSF2 -0.18 .698a 0.214 -0.293 -0.292 0.195 -0.91 -0.181 0.256 0.332 0.012 -0.13 -0.077 -0.069 -0.043 -0.235 -0.104 -0.068 0.085 0.145 -0.059 -0.116 -0.013 -0.051 -0.05 0.088 0.086 0.035 0.142 0.076 -0.1 -0.056 0.109 -0.019 -0.215 0.048

CSF3 -0.206 0.214 .609a 0.072 -0.465 0.201 -0.224 -0.807 -0.034 0.478 -0.131 -0.089 -0.092 -0.229 0.04 -0.097 -0.045 0.097 -0.111 0.262 -0.009 -0.049 -0.01 -0.131 -0.082 0.091 0.023 -0.012 0.122 0.112 -0.113 0.02 0.121 0.004 -0.033 0.067

CSF4 -0.207 -0.293 0.072 .651a -0.108 0.216 0.312 -0.06 -0.897 0.068 0.03 0.004 0.127 0.014 -0.066 -0.038 -0.125 -0.032 -0.004 0.213 0.042 0.106 -0.019 0.037 0.049 -0.016 -0.097 0.012 -0.092 -0.017 0.024 0.039 -0.028 -0.007 0.001 0.083

CSF5 0.093 -0.292 -0.465 -0.108 .687a -0.092 0.36 0.495 0.09 -0.884 -0.101 -0.099 -0.286 0.024 -0.094 -0.044 0.098 -0.083 -0.085 -0.092 -0.055 0.06 0.057 0.083 -0.04 -0.13 -0.041 -0.074 -0.073 -0.043 0.148 -0.039 -0.001 -0.01 0.062 0.018

CSF6 -0.977 0.195 0.201 0.216 -0.092 .608a -0.244 -0.209 -0.347 0.116 -0.159 -0.047 0.158 0.047 -0.02 -0.032 0.031 -0.127 -0.008 0.565 -0.081 0.066 -0.015 -0.065 -0.119 0.086 -0.054 -0.001 0.065 0.116 -0.074 -0.19 0.067 0.061 -0.026 0.01

CSF7 0.23 -0.91 -0.224 0.312 0.36 -0.244 .659a 0.246 -0.279 -0.46 -0.055 0.114 0.021 0.059 -0.011 0.138 0.036 0.008 -0.055 -0.2 0.039 0.103 -0.006 0.049 0.077 -0.095 -0.061 -0.031 -0.124 -0.119 0.104 0.041 -0.151 0.049 0.211 -0.008

CSF8 0.205 -0.181 -0.807 -0.06 0.495 -0.209 0.246 .603a 0.029 -0.581 0.05 0.1 -0.058 -0.058 -0.071 0.071 0.037 -0.085 0.045 -0.264 -0.049 0.035 0.053 0.135 0.065 -0.086 0 -0.066 -0.13 -0.12 0.129 0.014 -0.116 -0.021 0.039 -0.041

CSF9 0.327 0.256 -0.034 -0.897 0.09 -0.347 -0.279 0.029 .667a -0.071 0.004 -0.045 -0.151 0.007 0.048 0.058 0.094 0.062 -0.001 -0.334 -0.07 -0.112 0.057 -0.072 -0.088 0.037 0.082 -0.056 0.117 0.069 -0.05 0.004 0.081 -0.015 -0.035 -0.041

CSF10 -0.106 0.332 0.478 0.068 -0.884 0.116 -0.46 -0.581 -0.071 .654a 0.087 -0.091 0.173 0.014 0.098 0.01 -0.07 0.055 0.014 0.093 0.04 -0.076 -0.069 -0.108 -0.013 0.13 0.056 0.08 0.109 0.08 -0.165 -0.017 0.1 0.039 -0.091 -0.009

CSF11 0.165 0.012 -0.131 0.03 -0.101 -0.159 -0.055 0.05 0.004 0.087 .832a -0.044 0.007 -0.127 0.038 0.05 -0.05 0.039 -0.071 -0.312 0.043 0.029 -0.05 -0.056 0.124 0.104 -0.043 0.1 0.08 -0.082 -0.133 0.064 -0.01 -0.017 -0.096 -0.05

CSF12 0.032 -0.13 -0.089 0.004 -0.099 -0.047 0.114 0.1 -0.045 -0.091 -0.044 .880a -0.039 -0.074 -0.019 0.049 -0.104 -0.008 -0.126 0.038 -0.046 0.052 0.155 0.077 0.043 -0.055 -0.068 -0.135 -0.089 0.014 0.121 0.154 -0.25 -0.189 0.119 -0.066

CSF13 -0.156 -0.077 -0.092 0.127 -0.286 0.158 0.021 -0.058 -0.151 0.173 0.007 -0.039 .887a -0.037 -0.067 0.007 -0.065 -0.026 0.075 0.119 -0.022 0.039 -0.064 0.072 0.059 -0.013 -0.048 0.076 -0.013 -0.013 0.009 -0.017 -0.07 0.012 -0.047 -0.081

CSF14 -0.048 -0.069 -0.229 0.014 0.024 0.047 0.059 -0.058 0.007 0.014 -0.127 -0.074 -0.037 .852a 0.055 0.041 0.059 -0.027 -0.326 0.032 0.044 0.102 -0.042 -0.121 -0.123 0.076 -0.096 0.059 0.037 0.082 -0.084 -0.032 -0.008 0.05 0.013 0.034

CSF15 0.052 -0.043 0.04 -0.066 -0.094 -0.02 -0.011 -0.071 0.048 0.098 0.038 -0.019 -0.067 0.055 .900a -0.228 -0.126 -0.225 -0.004 -0.109 -0.048 0.081 -0.005 -0.031 -0.081 0.079 -0.079 -0.009 -0.028 0.101 -0.076 -0.045 0.049 0.022 0.087 0.061

CSF16 0.026 -0.235 -0.097 -0.038 -0.044 -0.032 0.138 0.071 0.058 0.01 0.05 0.049 0.007 0.041 -0.228 .870a -0.227 -0.127 0.087 -0.088 0.126 -0.032 0.047 0.044 0.043 -0.015 0.031 -0.028 -0.095 0 0.028 0.024 -0.206 0.04 0.074 -0.046

CSF17 -0.033 -0.104 -0.045 -0.125 0.098 0.031 0.036 0.037 0.094 -0.07 -0.05 -0.104 -0.065 0.059 -0.126 -0.227 .890a -0.244 -0.033 0.026 -0.017 0.012 0.001 -0.075 -0.137 0.04 -0.005 -0.013 0.059 0.068 -0.01 -0.054 0.177 -0.053 -0.039 -0.086

CSF18 0.087 -0.068 0.097 -0.032 -0.083 -0.127 0.008 -0.085 0.062 0.055 0.039 -0.008 -0.026 -0.027 -0.225 -0.127 -0.244 .895a -0.012 0.044 0.007 -0.056 0.009 0.065 0.125 -0.082 0.054 0.027 -0.067 -0.139 0.086 0.083 0.008 -0.077 0.061 -0.007

CSF19 0.021 0.085 -0.111 -0.004 -0.085 -0.008 -0.055 0.045 -0.001 0.014 -0.071 -0.126 0.075 -0.326 -0.004 0.087 -0.033 -0.012 .839a 0.022 0.017 -0.081 -0.015 0.104 0.08 -0.084 0.09 0.013 -0.083 -0.057 0.078 -0.025 -0.026 0.116 -0.046 -0.007

CSF20 -0.676 0.145 0.262 0.213 -0.092 0.565 -0.2 -0.264 -0.334 0.093 -0.312 0.038 0.119 0.032 -0.109 -0.088 0.026 0.044 0.022 .681a -0.11 0.018 0.033 0.08 -0.083 -0.033 -0.024 -0.049 -0.066 0.068 0.057 0.056 0.042 -0.028 -0.117 0.068

CSF21 0.071 -0.059 -0.009 0.042 -0.055 -0.081 0.039 -0.049 -0.07 0.04 0.043 -0.046 -0.022 0.044 -0.048 0.126 -0.017 0.007 0.017 -0.11 .908a -0.073 -0.015 -0.018 0.115 0.041 0.056 0.05 0.036 -0.088 -0.013 0.011 -0.012 -0.048 -0.043 0.023

CSF22 -0.048 -0.116 -0.049 0.106 0.06 0.066 0.103 0.035 -0.112 -0.076 0.029 0.052 0.039 0.102 0.081 -0.032 0.012 -0.056 -0.081 0.018 -0.073 .644a -0.141 -0.057 -0.122 0.038 -0.962 0.141 0.04 0.18 -0.055 -0.041 -0.048 0.153 0.111 0

CSF23 -0.009 -0.013 -0.01 -0.019 0.057 -0.015 -0.006 0.053 0.057 -0.069 -0.05 0.155 -0.064 -0.042 -0.005 0.047 0.001 0.009 -0.015 0.033 -0.015 -0.141 .655a 0.082 -0.229 -0.273 0.164 -0.917 -0.13 0.221 0.378 0.096 -0.051 -0.275 0.137 -0.106

CSF24 0.049 -0.051 -0.131 0.037 0.083 -0.065 0.049 0.135 -0.072 -0.108 -0.056 0.077 0.072 -0.121 -0.031 0.044 -0.075 0.065 0.104 0.08 -0.018 -0.057 0.082 .581a 0.133 -0.615 0.083 -0.089 -0.843 -0.075 0.626 -0.015 -0.09 -0.127 -0.115 0.037

CSF25 0.126 -0.05 -0.082 0.049 -0.04 -0.119 0.077 0.065 -0.088 -0.013 0.124 0.043 0.059 -0.123 -0.081 0.043 -0.137 0.125 0.08 -0.083 0.115 -0.122 -0.229 0.133 .604a -0.299 0.183 0.259 -0.053 -0.894 0.25 0.117 -0.165 0.044 -0.026 -0.119

CSF26 -0.076 0.088 0.091 -0.016 -0.13 0.086 -0.095 -0.086 0.037 0.13 0.104 -0.055 -0.013 0.076 0.079 -0.015 0.04 -0.082 -0.084 -0.033 0.041 0.038 -0.273 -0.615 -0.299 .651a -0.064 0.301 0.525 0.234 -0.887 -0.079 -0.063 -0.143 -0.07 -0.032

CSF27 0.038 0.086 0.023 -0.097 -0.041 -0.054 -0.061 0 0.082 0.056 -0.043 -0.068 -0.048 -0.096 -0.079 0.031 -0.005 0.054 0.09 -0.024 0.056 -0.962 0.164 0.083 0.183 -0.064 .646a -0.173 -0.079 -0.3 0.091 -0.03 0.039 -0.122 -0.069 -0.023

CSF28 0.025 0.035 -0.012 0.012 -0.074 -0.001 -0.031 -0.066 -0.056 0.08 0.1 -0.135 0.076 0.059 -0.009 -0.028 -0.013 0.027 0.013 -0.049 0.05 0.141 -0.917 -0.089 0.259 0.301 -0.173 .644a 0.169 -0.272 -0.451 -0.075 0.042 0.198 -0.104 0.01

CSF29 -0.045 0.142 0.122 -0.092 -0.073 0.065 -0.124 -0.13 0.117 0.109 0.08 -0.089 -0.013 0.037 -0.028 -0.095 0.059 -0.067 -0.083 -0.066 0.036 0.04 -0.13 -0.843 -0.053 0.525 -0.079 0.169 .572a -0.008 -0.634 -0.054 0.04 0.145 -0.071 -0.089

CSF30 -0.112 0.076 0.112 -0.017 -0.043 0.116 -0.119 -0.12 0.069 0.08 -0.082 0.014 -0.013 0.082 0.101 0 0.068 -0.139 -0.057 0.068 -0.088 0.18 0.221 -0.075 -0.894 0.234 -0.3 -0.272 -0.008 .647a -0.197 -0.079 0.131 -0.052 0.037 0.11

CSF31 0.056 -0.1 -0.113 0.024 0.148 -0.074 0.104 0.129 -0.05 -0.165 -0.133 0.121 0.009 -0.084 -0.076 0.028 -0.01 0.086 0.078 0.057 -0.013 -0.055 0.378 0.626 0.25 -0.887 0.091 -0.451 -0.634 -0.197 .585a 0.044 -0.05 -0.071 0.07 0.002

CSF32 0.148 -0.056 0.02 0.039 -0.039 -0.19 0.041 0.014 0.004 -0.017 0.064 0.154 -0.017 -0.032 -0.045 0.024 -0.054 0.083 -0.025 0.056 0.011 -0.041 0.096 -0.015 0.117 -0.079 -0.03 -0.075 -0.054 -0.079 0.044 .811a -0.087 -0.099 -0.194 0.169

CSF33 -0.073 0.109 0.121 -0.028 -0.001 0.067 -0.151 -0.116 0.081 0.1 -0.01 -0.25 -0.07 -0.008 0.049 -0.206 0.177 0.008 -0.026 0.042 -0.012 -0.048 -0.051 -0.09 -0.165 -0.063 0.039 0.042 0.04 0.131 -0.05 -0.087 .844a -0.036 -0.137 0.046

CSF34 -0.051 -0.019 0.004 -0.007 -0.01 0.061 0.049 -0.021 -0.015 0.039 -0.017 -0.189 0.012 0.05 0.022 0.04 -0.053 -0.077 0.116 -0.028 -0.048 0.153 -0.275 -0.127 0.044 -0.143 -0.122 0.198 0.145 -0.052 -0.071 -0.099 -0.036 .879a -0.14 -0.059

CSF35 0.058 -0.215 -0.033 0.001 0.062 -0.026 0.211 0.039 -0.035 -0.091 -0.096 0.119 -0.047 0.013 0.087 0.074 -0.039 0.061 -0.046 -0.117 -0.043 0.111 0.137 -0.115 -0.026 -0.07 -0.069 -0.104 -0.071 0.037 0.07 -0.194 -0.137 -0.14 .803a 0.009

CSF36 -0.022 0.048 0.067 0.083 0.018 0.01 -0.008 -0.041 -0.041 -0.009 -0.05 -0.066 -0.081 0.034 0.061 -0.046 -0.086 -0.007 -0.007 0.068 0.023 0 -0.106 0.037 -0.119 -0.032 -0.023 0.01 -0.089 0.11 0.002 0.169 0.046 -0.059 0.009 .869a

CSF37 0.095 -0.059 -0.017 -0.019 -0.018 -0.077 0.061 0.017 0.008 0.02 0.032 0.042 0.089 0.001 -0.089 -0.033 0.062 -0.012 -0.072 -0.064 -0.066 0.002 -0.284 -0.025 0.015 0.012 -0.018 0.18 0.118 -0.028 -0.063 -0.053 -0.168 0.038 0.001 -0.377

Anti-i

mage Correlation

a. Measures of Sampling Adequacy(MSA)

D6


CSF370.006

-0.009-0.004-0.004-0.003-0.0060.0090.0040.0010.0030.0150.0180.038

0-0.039-0.0130.026

-0.005-0.034-0.015-0.037

0-0.045-0.0050.0030.002

-0.0020.0280.027

-0.005-0.01

-0.026-0.0720.014

0-0.1630.414

D6


CSF370.095

-0.059-0.017-0.019-0.018-0.0770.0610.0170.008

0.020.0320.0420.0890.001

-0.089-0.0330.062

-0.012-0.072-0.064-0.0660.002

-0.284-0.0250.0150.012

-0.0180.18

0.118-0.028-0.063-0.053-0.1680.0380.001

-0.377.835a

D6


D7

Table D4 Communalities

Initial Extraction

CSF1 1.000 .913

CSF2 1.000 .780

CSF3 1.000 .816

CSF4 1.000 .759

CSF5 1.000 .799

CSF6 1.000 .899

CSF7 1.000 .688

CSF8 1.000 .716

CSF9 1.000 .853

CSF10 1.000 .710

CSF11 1.000 .496

CSF12 1.000 .559

CSF13 1.000 .535

CSF14 1.000 .713

CSF15 1.000 .604

CSF16 1.000 .694

CSF17 1.000 .628

CSF18 1.000 .641

CSF19 1.000 .553

CSF20 1.000 .845

CSF21 1.000 .398

CSF22 1.000 .853

CSF23 1.000 .835

CSF24 1.000 .778

CSF25 1.000 .628

CSF26 1.000 .843

CSF27 1.000 .884

CSF28 1.000 .762

CSF29 1.000 .736

CSF30 1.000 .835

CSF31 1.000 .708

CSF32 1.000 .487

CSF33 1.000 .560

CSF34 1.000 .662

CSF35 1.000 .607

CSF36 1.000 .620

CSF37 1.000 .630

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.


D7


D8

Table D5

Component Matrixa Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

CSF1 .492 .096 -.604 -.066 .435 .037 .319

CSF2 .747 .102 .000 -.356 -.288 .017 .035

CSF3 .394 .114 .572 .443 .317 -.107 .111

CSF4 .565 .099 -.332 -.041 .063 .218 -.516

CSF5 .748 .121 .408 .084 -.041 -.050 -.216

CSF6 .492 .101 -.614 -.069 .428 .041 .284

CSF7 .738 .137 -.158 -.283 -.129 -.004 .061

CSF8 .525 .135 .293 .412 .386 -.084 .097

CSF9 .581 .114 -.490 .039 .236 .164 -.422

CSF10 .768 .105 .218 .041 .062 -.040 -.235

CSF11 .473 .074 .028 .184 .415 .080 .230

CSF12 .615 .101 .372 .020 .007 -.077 -.159

CSF13 .582 .050 .425 .063 -.055 -.073 -.037

CSF14 .175 .117 .620 .356 .352 -.001 .183

CSF15 .554 .103 .126 -.264 -.440 .004 .082

CSF16 .508 .118 .145 -.406 -.427 .008 .232

CSF17 .568 .089 .167 -.292 -.419 .000 .098

CSF18 .578 .077 .078 -.266 -.420 -.004 .218

CSF19 .174 .021 .580 .344 .243 -.090 -.029

CSF20 .539 .107 -.585 -.021 .388 .054 .218

CSF21 .420 -.047 -.226 .083 .166 .084 -.166

CSF22 .066 .381 -.251 .626 -.403 .293 .001

CSF23 -.072 .715 -.191 .037 .009 -.521 -.097

CSF24 -.252 .510 .335 -.336 .163 .448 .047

CSF25 -.039 .584 -.061 .411 -.302 -.034 .142

CSF26 -.248 .799 .084 -.302 .208 .030 -.024

CSF27 .072 .408 -.252 .636 -.388 .306 .008

CSF28 -.014 .710 -.251 .224 -.059 -.351 -.134

CSF29 -.231 .555 .235 -.102 .019 .546 .101

CSF30 .000 .545 -.168 .579 -.372 .135 .132

CSF31 -.204 .791 -.035 -.105 .141 .088 -.032

CSF32 -.090 .402 .044 -.002 -.061 .556 -.055


D9

CSF33 -.166 .580 .172 -.351 .157 -.041 .132

CSF34 -.126 .664 .055 -.377 .208 -.097 -.082

CSF35 -.140 .334 .297 -.320 .270 .484 -.156

CSF36 -.159 .563 -.030 -.072 -.022 -.520 .007

CSF37 -.148 .570 -.048 -.102 -.057 -.513 -.071

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

a. 7 components extracted.


D10

Table D6: Correlations among Composite Scores of Extracted Factors Factor

1 Factor

2 Factor

3 Factor

4 Factor

5 Factor

6 Factor

7 Pearson Correlation

1 .026 .032 -.072 .129* .157* .267**

Sig. (2-tailed) .679 .600 .241 .037 .011 .000

Factor 1

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation

.026 1 -.284** -.079 -.173** .181** -.026

Sig. (2-tailed) .679 .000 .201 .005 .003 .674

Factor 2


.032 -.284** 1 .176** -.166** -.214** -.269**

Sig. (2-tailed) .600 .000 .004 .007 .000 .000

Factor 3


-.072 -.079 .176** 1 .255** -.316** .148*

Sig. (2-tailed) .241 .201 .004 .000 .000 .016

Factor 4


.129* -.173** -.166** .255** 1 -.101 .072

Sig. (2-tailed) .037 .005 .007 .000 .103 .247

Factor 5


.157* .181** -.214** -.316** -.101 1 -.144*

Sig. (2-tailed) .011 .003 .000 .000 .103 .019

Factor 6


.267** -.026 -.269** .148* .072 -.144* 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .674 .000 .016 .247 .019

Factor 7l

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table D7: Correlations among items of Factor 1

CSF2 CSF7 CSF15 CSF16 CSF17 CSF18 Pearson Correlation 1 .914** .558** .607** .584** .572** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF2

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .914** 1 .438** .454** .448** .468** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF7

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .558** .438** 1 .613** .567** .586** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF15

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .607** .454** .613** 1 .605** .575** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF16

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .584** .448** .567** .605** 1 .606** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF17

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .572** .468** .586** .575** .606** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF18

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


D11


D11

Table D8: Correlations among items of Factor 2 CSF3 CSF5 CSF8 CSF10 CSF12 CSF13 CSF14 CSF19

Pearson Correlation

1 .499** .819** .376** .402** .495** .688** .535**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF3

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation

.499** 1 .460** .890** .653** .625** .310** .357**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF5


.819** .460** 1 .513** .340** .393** .530** .379**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF8


.376** .890** .513** 1 .564** .469** .201** .258**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .001 .000

CSF10


.402** .653** .340** .564** 1 .493** .304** .335**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF12


.495** .625** .393** .469** .493** 1 .320** .252**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF13


.688** .310** .530** .201** .304** .320** 1 .588**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .001 .000 .000 .000

CSF14


.535** .357** .379** .258** .335** .252** .588** 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF19

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table D9: Correlations among items of Factor 3 CSF23 CSF28 CSF34 CSF36 CSF37

Pearson Correlation 1 .899** .493** .598** .623** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF23

N 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .899** 1 .348** .466** .469** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF28

N 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .493** .348** 1 .414** .407** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF34

N 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .598** .466** .414** 1 .636** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF36

N 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .623** .469** .407** .636** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF37

N 264 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


D12

Table D10: Correlations among items of Factor 4 CSF24 CSF26 CSF29 CSF31 CSF32 CSF33 CSF35

Pearson Correlation 1 .607** .808** .416** .368** .472** .569**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF24

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .607** 1 .509** .868** .320** .617** .422** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF26

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .808** .509** 1 .558** .406** .343** .443** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF29

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .416** .868** .558** 1 .342** .463** .299** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF31

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .368** .320** .406** .342** 1 .219** .358** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF32

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .472** .617** .343** .463** .219** 1 .359** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF33

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .569** .422** .443** .299** .358** .359** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

CSF35

N 264 264 264 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


CSF1 CSF6 CSF11 CSF20

Pearson Correlation 1 .987** .353** .843**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF1

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .987** 1 .347** .805** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF6

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .353** .347** 1 .442** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF11

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .843** .805** .442** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF20

N 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


D13


CSF22 CSF25 CSF27 CSF30

Pearson Correlation 1 .467** .983** .688**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF22

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .467** 1 .488** .867** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF25

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .983** .488** 1 .727** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF27

N 264 264 264 264 Pearson Correlation .688** .867** .727** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

CSF30

N 264 264 264 264 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table D13: Correlations among items of Factor 7 CSF4 CSF9

Pearson Correlation 1 .883**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000

CSF4

N 264 264Pearson Correlation .883** 1Sig. (2-tailed) .000

CSF9

N 264 264**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


E1

APPENDIX E

Table E1: Taxonomy of Software Experience

Categories of Software Experience

Examples

Development Methodology Waterfall Model, Spiral Model, Prototyping Model, … SE Artefacts Reusable code modules, Design Rationale, Analysis Patterns,

… SE Process SADT, GQM, Software Verification, … Language C++, Java, UML, VB.NET, … Structure Architectures, Organisation Charts, … Tools and Technologies Compilers, CASE Tools, Testing Tools, … Review Lessons Learnt, Experience Reports, Post-project Reviews, … Standards and Guidelines SRS guidelines, Design guidelines, Coding standards, … Prediction COCOMO, Function points, … Evaluation Benchmarks, Assessment Models, … Measurement Process measurement, Software Product Measurement, …

Table E2: Taxonomy of Software Product Quality*

Quality Attributes Sub-attributes Suitability Accuracy Interoperability

Functionality

Security Maturity Fault tolerance

Reliability

Recoverability Understandability Learnability Operability

Usability

Attractivenes Time behaviour Efficiency Resource utilisation Analysability Changeability Stability

Maintainability

Testability Adaptability Installability Conformance

Portability

Replaceability * Based on Standard ISO/IEC 9126-1: 2001 and ISO/IEC 25010:2011


E2

Table E3: Taxonomy for SE Process

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

SE Process

Management

Project Management

Planning

Monitoring

Control

Analysis

Verification & Validation

Quality Management

Risk Management

Sub-contract Management

Other

Product Engineering

System Requirements Analysis

Construction

Verification

Validation

System Architecture Design

Software Requirements Analysis

Software Architecture Design

Software Implementation

Software Integration

System Integration

Maintenance

Migration

Other

Support

Documentation

Configuration Management

Reuse

Process Modelling

Measurement

Improvement

Other

Other


E3

Table E4: Taxonomy of Critical Context Factors

Taxonomy of Critical Context Factors

Description

A. SE Process A1. Sub-Processes Overall aspects of the development methodology and aspects

associated with project phases like requirements analysis, system integration etc.

A2. Technologies A2.1 Techniques Covers aspects of the basic algorithm to be followed in constructing

the software A2.2 Methods Covers aspects of the organised approach based on applying some

technique A2.3 Tools Computer-based implementation of a technique or method A3. Work Products All intermediate or supportive artefacts used in the project, e.g., SRS,

checklists, process guidebook etc. B. SE Product B1. Attributes Product characteristics that are implied and not explicitly desired B2. Architecture Structure of the product B3. Requirements Desired system attributes that are explicitly formulated B4. History Aspects of the product that that go beyond the project B5. Domain Business environment or application area for which the product is

developed C. Personnel C1. Staff Related to people involved in the project such as skills, experience etc. C2. Roles Covers aspects like resource availability and role assignment D. Project Interface D1. Customers Description of the client or user-group D2. Suppliers Description of the external sub-contractors, if any part of the project is

handled by external party or parties on subcontracting basis


F1

APPENDIX F

PUBLICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE WORK PRESENTED IN THIS THESIS 1. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2011. Experience Based Software Process Improvement:

Have we found the Silver Bullet? In: Dua, S., Sahni, S. and Goyal, D.P. (eds.), 5th International Conference on Information Intelligence, Systems, Technology & Management (ICISTM 2011). Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, March 10-12, Springer Verlag Communications in Computer and Information Science Series, CCIS 141, pp. 71 – 80, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, ISSN: 1865-0929.

2. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2010. Software Process Improvement through Experience Management: An Empirical Analysis of Critical Success Factors (Short Paper). In: Prasad, S.K. et al. (eds.), 4th International Conference on Information Systems, Technology & Management (ICISTM 2010). Bangkok, Thailand, March 11-13, Springer Verlag Communications in Computer and Information Science Series, CCIS 54, pp. 386–391, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, ISSN: 1865-0929.

3. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2010. Managing Knowledge for Sustainability: Integrating KM with Sustainable Development. In: Bhatia, B. S. and Sharma, D. (eds.), Sustainable Development: Contemporary Issues & Emerging Perspectives, New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., pp. 271-278, ISBN: 978-81-8450-281-7.

4. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2009. Knowledge Management in Software Engineering Environment: Empirical Evidence from Indian Software Engineering Firms. Atti Della Fondazione Giorgio Ronchi (An Italian Scientific Journal), LXIV, N.3, pp. 397-406, ISSN: 0391-2051.

5. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2009. Experience Based Model for Software Process Improvement: Conceptual Foundations and Literature Review. In: Goyal, D.P. (ed.), National Conference on Information Technology & Competitive Dynamics (ITCDC’09). Institute of Management Education, Ghaziabad, March 7-8, Innovation in Information Systems & Technology, pp. 82-92, New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd., ISBN: 023-063-825-2.

6. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2009. Knowledge-Based Software Engineering: Use of Experience Bases for Software Process Improvement. In: Garg, D., Kumar, R., Verma, K. (eds.), IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC 2009). Thapar University, Patiala, March 6-7, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 2857-2862, ISBN: 978-981-08-2465-5.

7. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2009. Knowledge Management in Software Engineering: Improving Software Process through Managing Experience. In: Batra, S. and Carrillo, F. J. (eds.), International Conference on Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital (ICKMIC, 2009). Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, February 26-27, New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., pp. 223-235, ISBN: 978-81-8424-420-5.

8. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2008. Software Process Improvement through Experience Management: An Empirical Analysis of Critical Success Factors. RIMT Journal of Strategic Management & Information Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1-4, pp. 31-45, ISSN: 0975-5438.

9. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2008. Knowledge Management in Supply Chain: Design of Experience Based Model. In: Goyal, D.P. and Varma, S. (eds.), National Conference on Supply Chain Management for Competitiveness (SCMCC’08). Institute of Management Education, Ghaziabad, October 18-19, Supply Chain Management for Competitiveness, pp. 323-331, New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd., ISBN: 023-063-657-8.

10. Sharma, N., Singh, K. and Goyal, D.P., 2008. Knowledge Management in Software Engineering Environment: Current Status and Road Ahead. In: Goyal, D.P., Ram M.P., Gautam, T. (eds.), National Conference on Information Technology & Competitive Dynamics (ITCDC’08). Institute of Management Education, Ghaziabad, April 19-20, Business and Competitive Dynamics: Survival & Growth Strategies, pp. 69-74, New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd., ISBN: 0230-63515-6.

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PhD Thesis Neeraj Sharma UCoE