685PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS.

is itself seriously hampered by restrictions. It is part of theservice of a special institution, and is not readily available inemergencies for which that service is not directly responsible.A few cabs are kept by some owners for ambulance purposes,but so few that their existence might almost be ignored.Railway companies make no special provision for the fever-stricken. Yet everyone can appreciate the dilemma whichconfronts an invalid so smitten and his friends when illnessovertakes him in a seaside or country lodging, with homeaccessible if only he were not infectious, and perhaps nohospital either near or suitable to his condition. The whole

question is worthy of consideration by those who have to dowith organising our means of transit, and if a satisfactorysolution could be arrived at the working efficiency of thePublic Health Act would be thereby increased.

ALLEGED CHOLERA RECURRENCES.

WE are glad to state that, although there has been anotherdeath of an adult from’’ diarrhoea" " in Great Grimsby and morethan one suspicious attack, there is as yet no bacteriologicalevidence of a recrudescence of cholera, and we hope therewill be none. Great Grimsby has by no means a clean recordas to autumnal diarrhoea ; but it is unusual to find adults

succumbing to even severe attacks of that disease. Wewould therefore urge on the town council the utmost vigilanceat this critical season, especially in view of the historyof Great Grimsby during the present European choleraepidemic.

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DIPHTHERIA IN LONDON.

THE decided diminution in the number of deaths from diphtheria in London, shown by the Registrar-General’s areturns to have occurred in the third complete week of i

August, was, unhappily, not maintained in either of the ;last two weeks, the number of deaths registered in theweek ended Saturday, Aug. 31st, having risen from24 to 40, a total which was 11 in excess of the cor-

rected average for the corresponding week of the pre-ceding decennial period, whilst in the week ended Sept. 7ththe registered deaths were 38-that is, 9 above the average. The patients remaining under treatment in hospital on Saturday last amounted to 662, and have not diminished J

in number. The preponderance of deaths among children

is once more manifested, and with the recent reopeningof schools in London it seems hardly likely that a declineof the disease will now take place. In the two months justended there were in the nine registration weeks 416 deathsfrom diphtheria in London alone, yielding a weekly averageof 46 ; and some slight consolation may be derived

from the fact that this average was in excess of the

deaths recorded during the last half of August as wellas during the first week of the present month. In WestHam registration district, which is extra-metropolitan, 6deaths occurred in the concluding week of August, and 9during last week.

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THE minutes of evidence which the Select Committee onFood Products Adulteration have been able so far to take arecontained in a Blue-book published this week. The volumeconsists of 462 pages and deals for the most part with thatvery important and perhaps most interesting section of theinquiry-viz., the evidence and views of traders and manu-facturers. Even in a rapid glance through the numbered para-graphs we have alighted upon not a few statements of the"startling revelation" order, but these and other points wepropose to discuss at some length in a future issue.

Two deaths from hydrophobia have been recently reported,one from Rochdale, and the other fruiii

WE regret to say that Sir Douglas Galton, during his

delivery of the presidential address (referred to in our

leading columns) before the British Association at Ipswich,was seized with sudden illness, which prevented him fromreading the concluding portions of the address. We are

glad to be able to state that he recovered sufficiently toacknowledge a vote of thanks.

WE regret to announce that Dr. Ruffer will not be able todeliver the course of lectures, as advertised, at the BritishInstitute of Preventive Medicine, as he is suffering from anattack of diphtheritic paralysis and will not be able to do anywork for some time.

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THE fortune of the late Mr. Charles Mitchell, LL.D., isestimated at .61,800,000, and it is stated authoritatively thatno further public benefactions are announced. Owing to hisdeath the Aberdeen celebrations have been postponed till

December.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics.YEAST IN DIABETES.

DR. CASSAET finds that a couple of ounces of yeast takenat meal-times are very useful in diabetes. At first the yeasttends to cause eructations and even diarrhoea, but after a fewdays the system tolerates it perfectly well, and the patientfinds his appetite improved, his pains less, and his generalcondition better than before commencing the yeast. Even ina case where phthisis was present and there had been con-siderable loss of weight there was a gain of several poundsat the end of a fortnight, and the dynamometer showed anincrease in muscular power. The amount of sugar in theurine decreased, in one case from 32 to 71/2 parts in 1000.This yeast treatment of diabetes is not new-indeed, thereare few remedies which have not been at one time or anotheremployed in this affection. Dr. Herepath recommended it aslong ago as 1854, and Dr. Oppolzer again employed it in 1868 .

BROMIDE OF LITHIUM IN BRIGHT’S DISEASE.A Russian physician, Dr. Polakoff, has found bromide of

lithium of great service in Bright’s disease, both in acute andchronic forms. He has employed it in twenty-two cases andfinds that it acts as a certain and powerful diuretic,diminishing the quantity of albumin in the urine andfrequently causing the oedema to disappear entirely. The

patients were not kept on milk diet, but were allowed to eatordinary food, and no other drugs were given at the sametime nor any baths. The effect appeared to be more markedin acute than in chronic nephritis. The albuminuria beganto decrease after a short period of treatment, on thethirteenth day at the latest, the diminution continuedup to a certain point, and then the amount ofalbumin became stationary ; but if the salt was

stopped for a few days and then recommenced it was

found possible to obtain a further decrease in the albumin.In one of the cases-that of a woman with puerperal con-vulsions-the attacks, which had resisted baths, morphia, andeven chloroform, disappeared after a single day’s treatmentwith bromide of lithium. As a rule the drug was well borne,but in two of the patients it produced nausea and vomitingand had to be stopped for a time. In one case of acute

nephritis, too, hæmaturia was produced, which, however,rapidly ceased on the drug being discontinued and sometannin being given. The mixture ordered consisted of 11/4 to2 parts of bromide of lithium and 4 parts of bicarbonate ofsoda in 240 parts of distilled water flavoured with peppermint.Of this three or four tablespoonfuls were ordered per diem.

SUCCINATE OF AMMONIA IN LABOUR.

According to Dr. Remy of Nancy, succinate of ammoniais very useful in spasmodic cramp-like pains and in partialcontraction of the internal os during parturition. In a casewhere this contraction occurred during the third stage oflabour, rendering it impossible to deliver the placenta, acouple of doses of the above-named remedy relaxed thespasmodic condition and enabled the after-birth to come

686 PRIZEMEN AND MEDALLISTS AT THE METROPOLITAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

away without difficulty. The mixture recommended is a

simple solution of the succinate in 140 times its weight ofwater, a tablespoonful dose being given every quarter of anhour until relief is obtained.

PRIZEMEN AND MEDALLISTS AT THEMETROPOLITAN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

St. Bartholomew’s Hospital and College. -LawrenceScholarship and Gold Medal: J. K. Murphy. BrackenburyMedical Scholarship: S. Gillies. Brackenbury SurgicalScholarship : L. Giles. Matthews Duncan Medal and Prize :

T. S. Pigg. Senior Scholarship in Anatomy, Physiology,and Chemistry: E. C. Morland. Open Scholarships in

Science, Chemistry, and Physics : A. L. Ormerod. Biologyand Physiology: W. L. Brown ; Junior, F. C. Borrow andS. R. Scott (equal). Preliminary Scientific Exhibition:

L. A. Walker. Jeaffreson Exhibition: C. A. S. Ridout.

Kirkes Scholarship and Gold Medal: not awarded. BentleyPrize (medical): E. W. Groves. Hichens Prize: not

awarded. Wix Prize : C. C. 1. Turnbull. Harvey Prize :H. Davies. Sir George Burrow’s Prize: not awarded. SkynnerPrize: T. J. Horder. Practical Anatomy, Junior (Treasurer’sPrize) : F. C. Borrow, W. H. Leonard, and S. R. Scott

(equal), H. Bunows, A. R. Baker, C. S. Frost, H. S.

Thomas, E. Wethered, C. R. Brown, and L. A. Walker.Practical Anatomy, Senior (Foster Prize) : R. Raines (Prize),E. C. Morland, L. A. Baiss, and G. E. Gask (equal),A. 0. B. Wroughton, W. T. Rowe, S. A. Millen, H. E. Waller,H. D. Everington, and F. Horridge. Shuter Scholarship :not awarded. Junior Scholarships : (1) S. R. Scott, (2) F. C.Borrow, and H. G. Wood-Hill (equal). Junior Scholarship inChemistry, 1894: H. A. Colwell and E. C. Morland

(equal).Charing Cross Hospital 3fedical$c7iool.-Pereirt Prize :

F. P. Jones. Governors’ Clinical Gold Medal: D. C. Rees.

Anatomy Prize (Junior): C. B. Wagstaff. Biology Prize:C. B. Wagstaff. Chemistry Prize: J. E. Humphreys.Physiology Prize (Senior): W. E. Morgan. PhysiologyPrize (Junior): W. H. Unwin. Practical Physiology Prize:W. E. Morgan. Medicine Prize: W. C. Bosanquet. SurgeryPrize: C. Hudson. Practical Medicine Prize: W. C.

Bosanquet.Guy’s Hospital.-The Treasurer’s Gold Medal for Clinical

Medicine : Francis J. Steward. The Treasurer’s Gold Medalfor Clinical Surgery: Francis J. Steward. Gurney HoarePrize for Clinical Study: Arthur H. Leete. Beaney Prize for

Pathology : Francis J. Steward. Sands Cox Scholarship forPhysiology: George E. Richmond, prize .615. Michael

Harris Prize for Anatomy: Frederick E. Walker, prize 10.The Arthur Durham Prizes for Dissection-First Year’s

Students: John T. M. M’Dougall, prize .65 ; Second Year’s

Students : Frederick E. Walker, prize .615. The Hilton Prize

for Dissection : John 0. Garland. Third Year’s Prizes : Robert

P. Rowlands, prize £ 25; Robert Howard, second prize, .f.10.Second Year’s Prizes (1894) : Edmund I. Spriggs and RobertP. Rowlands (equal). Dental Student (1895): Joseph L.Payne, prize .615. First Year’s Prizes (1894) : Philip Turner,first prize, .650; George E. Richmond, second prize, .625.Dental Students (1895): Kenneth W. Goadby and Norris

Snell (equal), E5 each. Practical Dentistry Prize : Edward C.Dimock, prize f.10. Open Scholarships in Arts: Arthur I

Pearson, .6100; George William Hare, E50. Dental Student:

Guy Chatterton, f.30. Open Scholarships in Science : ThomasF. Rutter, .6150 ; John T. Dunston, .660.

St. George’s Hospital.-Brackenbury Prizes (Medicine)Sidney Smith. (Surgery) : F. Morley. Treasurer’s Prize

(the gift of his Grace the Duke of Westminster) :Walwyn Thomas. Certificate of Honour: E. T. Fison.

Brodie Prize: R. A. Cooper. Henry Charles Johnson Prize(Anatomy): H. L. Barwell. Pollock Prize (Physiology):R. E. Drake-Brockman. First Year’s General ProficiencyPrize: T. M. Neatby. Honorary Certificates: F. Paul, H. G.Drake-Brockman, A. Morley, and Lawrence Pick. SecondYear’s General Proficiency Prize: H. L. Barwell. Third

Year’s General Proficiency (Honorary Certificates): H. M.

Vernon, J. W. Watson, and H. P. Foulerton. William BrownExhibition of E100 per annum, tenable for two years:Walwyn Thomas. Entrance Scholarship (October, 1894)of .6145: T. M. Neatby. University SchohLl’CihijJ:’ uf .685:

J. T. Watson, B.A., St. Peter’s College, Cambridge, andJ. E. Kirk, B.A., Christ’s College, Cambridge.

Kin.q’s College.--Warneford Scholarship: Class 1., W. L.Stuart and A. T. Marshall for three years ; A. C. Williamsfor two years. Class II., M. S. Mayou. Rabbeth Scholar-

ship : F. C. Carle and W. L. Stuart (equal). Senior

Scholarship : J. M’D. Troup and G. H. Lansdown

(equal). Second Year Scholarship : T. H. Gardner. Junior

Scholarship: W. H, M’Mullen, C. A. Sprawson, and

A. Brown. Sambrooke Exhibitions : C. A. Sprawson andA. Brown. Cloth workers’ Exhibition: R. W. H. Bailey andC. F. Mott. Warneford Prize : R. P. Williams. Divinity :Barry Prize, A. ’1’. Marshall; prize, A. D. Reid. Anatomy :J. C. Briscoe. Physiology : J. C Briscoe. Chemistry :J. C. Briscoe. Botany: R. H. Gompertz. Medicine :J. M’D. Troup. Clinical Surgery : A. H. Burt. Surgery :G. H. Lansdown. Tanner Prize: G. H. Lansdown and

W. B. Bell (equal). Forensic Medicine : R. P. Williams.Obstetric Medicine : W. B. Bell. Materia Medica: A. Brown.

Todd Clinical (Medical) : A. H. Burt. Pathological Anatomy :J. M. Schaub. Hygiene : J. M. Schaub.

The London 11-hospital Medical College.-Price Scholarshipin Science, f.120: W. R. Dunstan. Price Scholarship inAnatomy and Physiology, .660 : H. W. L. Barlow. Entrance

Science Scholarships : E60, H. D. Pollard ; 35, R. Howard.Buxton Scholarships: Arts, f.30, T. Chetwood ; .620, J. S.

Dudding. Clinical Medicine : f.20 scholarship, Elgar Down.Clinical Surgery: Z20 scholarship, H. F. Tod. Clinical

Obstetrics : .620 scholarship, E. Maynard. DuckworthNelson Prize: f.10, Elgar Down. Letheby Prizes: Senior,.620, L. C. Lander; Junior, f.10, G. S. Ward. Sutton

Scholarship, .620: E. Mallam. Anatomy and Physiology:f.25 scholarship, I. W. W. Hunter and T. S. Novis (equal).Anatomy and Biology: f.20 scholarship, A. F. Tredgold.Dressers’ Prizes : C. Pike, C. W. Chaplin, J. M. Garman,and A. Orme (equal) ; 1. W. W. Hunter, H. G. Frankling,S. Gaster, and G. H. Herbert (equal).

St. Jl,fary’s Hospital.-Entrance Scholarships in NaturalScience: 100 guineas, J. J. Pierce; 50 guineas, C. W.

Buckley ; and 50 guineas, W. A. Trumper. UniversityScholarships of 50 guineas: A. A. Bathe, M.A., and A.

Graham Hutler, B.A. Exhibition in Natural Science: 25

guineas, H. J. Van Praagh. Summer Session, 1894.-Prizes.Third Year: Practical Surgery, A. Stanley. Second Year:

Midwifery, W. Ashdowne ; Medical Jurisprudence, J. E. P.Davies. First Year : Materia Medica, A. Howell; PracticalChemistry, A. F. Hayden ; Chemistry, H. ’1’. Mann. Winter

Session, 1894-95.-Third Year: Medicine, A. W. Sanders;Surgery, A. W. Sanders; Pathology, R. H. Steen, B.A., and

A. H. L. Newstead, B.A. Second Year: Physiology, F. S..

Dawe ; Histology, R. C. Leaning. First Year: Anatomy, A.Von Rosen ; Physiology, W. B. Watson. Third and Fourth

Years : Prize in Ophthalmology of E10 10s., R. Percy Small-. wood, B.A., and Basil Pares; Prize in Dermatology of f.5 5s.,; H. H. G. Knapp, B.A., and J. 0. Skevington ; Clinical Sur-i gery, 1894, R. W. Dodgson ; Clinical Medicine, 1894, R. W. Dodgson. Special prizes, 1894, for general proficiency in

Anatomy and Physiology (including Histology), A. Howell;. for general proficiency in Medicine and Surgery (includingOperative Surgery), Mr. A. Stanley; Prosectors, R. C. Leaningand S. M. Smith., Middlesex Hospital Medical Sclmol.-Broderip Scholar-. ships: J. C. K. Braine-Hartnell and E. D. Aubin. Hetley, Clinical Prize : N. B. Harman. Governor’s Prize : F. C. B.. Gittings. Murray Scholarship and Medal: F. C. B. Gittings.r Lyell Medal: H. P. Noble. Exhibition, Second Year: G. H.: Lucas. Exhibition, First Year : A. J. Knowlton and W. A. S., Lamborn (equal). Entrance Scholarships: E. H. M’Enery

and A. J. Knowlton. University : G. H. M’Cleary. Class: Prizes-Medicine : E. D. Aubin. Surgery: E. D. Aubin.3 Practical Surgery : C. Roberts. Practical Midwifery: E. D.: Aubin and E. K. Herring (equal). Anatomy: A. E. Relph.. Physiology : A. E. Relph. Chemistry: W. A. S. Lambornand C. T. Baxter. Biology: H. Hipwell. Dissections: F. H.

: Lawson. Practical Medicine : H. E. Wise. Pathologicalr Anatomy : A. E. Walter. Obstetric Medicine : C. Roberts.. Practical Physiology : F. F. Elwes. Pharmacology and

1 Therapeutics : C. Roberts. Psychology : J. T. Wills. Prac-

1 tical Pharmacy: C. G. Pugh.. St. Thomas’s Hospital.-Entrance Science Scholarships :i J. Gaff, first scholarship, f.150, and certificate of honour;: H. R. Beale, scholarship, f.60, and certificate of honour;) H. Calvert, exhibition of .620 and certificate of honour.

: University Hchularship : W. M’Dougall, scholarship, f.50,