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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

Pharmaceutical Preparation

For Internal Use

1. Solid Preparations

(Tablet, Capsule, Pill)

2. Liquid Preparations

(Aqua, Syrup, Elixir, Extract, Liquor, Emulsion, Mixture,

Infusion, Decoction).

3. Powder Preparations

(Ordinary Powder, Effervescent Powder)

4. Drops for Internal Use

5. Aerosols

6. Implant

7. Parenteral Preparations.

Solid Preparations

*Tablets

1. Ordinary Compressed Tablet

It is prepared by forcing the powdered drug (either drug alone

or the drug with suitable diluent) into a solid mass using a

mechanical machine with optimal degree of compression, (e.g.

Paracetamol Tablet)

2. Coated Tablet

It is an ordinary compressed tablet coated by sugar coat.

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

Advantages:

1. To avoid the bitter state of the drug.

2. To prevent air oxidation of the drug.

3. To facilitate swallowing in some patients who can not

swallow ordinary compressed tablet.

(e.g. Flu. Out Tablet)

3. Triturated Tablet

It is prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable diluent's like

lactose, the mixture is moistened with alcohol and the mass is

pressed into circular holes in a suitable plate.

4. Enteric Coated Tablet

Ordinary compressed tablet covered with acid resistan t

covering to allow the tablet to pass the stomach intact, it

dissolved in the alkaline medium of the intestine

Advantages:

1. To avoid irritation of the stomach by ulcerogenic drugs.

2. To prevent destruction of the drugs by gastric acid and

pepsin.

3. To get local action on the intestine .

(e.g. Salazopyrine EN Tablet)

5. Sustain Release Tablet

It is an ordinary tablet coated by many coats each with

different disintegration and dissolution rates (retard

preparation).

6. Sublingual Tablet

It is usually uncoated tablet especially manufactured to be

suitable for absorption from sublingual mucosa.

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

Advantages:

1. rapid action

2. Avoid destruction by first pass metabolism in the liver

(e.g. Angesid 0.5mg)

7. Effervescent Tablet

It is manufactured by mixing the drug with citric acid and

sodium bicarbonate to get granules, these granules are

compressed to get tablet which dissolved in water giving

effervescence, (e.g. Vitamin C-Calcium effervescent Tablet)

8. Chewable Tablet

Ordinary uncoated tablet specially manufactured to be Sucked

or chewed .this type of tablet usually with good taste and

mostly used as (Anti Acid)

9. Lozenges

Sugar flavored tablet with Different shapes and Attractive

colures it is usually sucked to treat simple tonsillitis and

relief cough which originate from above larynx.

*PilI

Solid spherical body containing a drug in solid or liquid form

given by mouth, not weight more than 0.3gwt, some time coated

with sugar coat.

*Capsules

1. Ordinary Capsules

small soluble container usually made of gelatin cylindrical,

oval, or rounded it is either hard containing powdered drug

such as tetracycline capsules or soft capsules containing

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

liquid such as adalat capsules which contains 10 mg

nifedipine .

Uses:

1. To mask the bad taste of the drug.

2. To prevent air and moisture oxidation of the drug.

3. To get accurate amount of the drug.

2. Spansule Capsule:

Ordinary capsule contains different granules each with

different disintegration and dissolution rates, (e.g. Ferofolic

Spansule Capsule)

3. Capsules for Inhalation (Spincapsules)

Ordinary capsule which contains a drug which is usually

unabsorbed from the bowel, it is intended to be inhaled to get

local action in the lung using certain instrument called

spinhaler.

Liquid Preparations

1. Aqua

It is a water solution of volatile substances usually used as

flavored vehicle.

(e.g. Peppermint Water)

2. Syrup

The drug is usually water soluble dissolved in already

prepared simple syrup to get good taste, (e.g. Tussilet Syrup)

3. Elixir

It is clear sweetened hydroacoholic liquid ,contain small % of alcohol

4. Extract

It is a solid or semi-solid preparation of active principles obtained from

plant by percolation with a suitable solvent, and then the solvent is

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

evaporated to obtain the extract.

e.g. watery extract of cascara and Alcoholic extract of belladonna.

6. Liquor

It is a solution of chemical substances usually dissolved in

water.

7. Emulsion

It is a mixture containing two immiscible liquid (such as oil

and water) one of which is broken up into minute globules

each globules is surrounded by a film of emulsifying agent

and dispersed thought out the other liquid.

8. Mixture

Is a combination of drugs in liquid form for internal use such

as white mixture which contains magnesium sulphate and

used as a purgative.

9. Decoction

It is solution of non volatile drug obtained from plant by

boiling with water for 10 minutes and then strained, (e.g.

Cammomella Decoction)

10. Infusion

It is a dilute solution of the active principles of plant,

prepared by pouring hot or cold water or alcoho l upon the

powdered plants, shacked from time to time and then

strained.

11. Suspension

It is a solution containing in diffusible solids which do not

remain in the vehicle evenly distributed long enough to give

uniform measured dose, (e.g. Metheprim Suspension)

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

Powdered Preparations

1. Ordinary Powder

It is containing drug for internal use in the form of fine

powder, (e.g. Gastrobel Powder)

2. Effervescent Powder

The active drug is manufactured in the form of effervescent

granules by complexing the drug with sodium bicarbonate,

citric acid and tartaric acid .to be dissolved in water before

ingestion, (e.g. Eno Powder)

Drops for Internal Use

Convenient for infants, it is prepared by concentrating the

drug in

few drops to decrease volume of the dose in order to facilitate

swallowing of this small dose and minimize loss of dose.

(e.g. Paracetamol Drops)

Aerosols (Inhalers)

Pressurized liquid form of drug, it is inhaled using many

puffs each puff contains specified quantity of drug that is why it

is called

metered aerosols.

(e.g. Ventolin Inhaler)

Implant

It is minute cylindrical or disc shaped preparation, usually

contains hormones. It is inserted under the skin to be absorbed

slowly giving a longer duration of action, (e.g. Stilbesterol

Implant)

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Pharmaceutical Preparation for Internal Use

دنجالءدسعديدأسماعيل.د دد

Paraenteral Preparations

• Ampoule

It is a thin glass container for a single injectable dose. The

solution of ampoule is usually sterile intended to be used Lm.

Iv, S.c

• Vial

It is thick glass container with rubber cap containing either

solution or powdered drugs either for single or multiple

doses.