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Louisiana State UniversityLSU Digital Commons
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School
1963
Petrography of the Jackfork Sandstone at De GrayDam, Clark County, Arkansas.C. Edward HowardLouisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion inLSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected].
Recommended CitationHoward, C. Edward, "Petrography of the Jackfork Sandstone at De Gray Dam, Clark County, Arkansas." (1963). LSU HistoricalDissertations and Theses. 845.https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/845
This d i s se r ta t io n has been 64—148m ic r o f i lm e d exact ly as r e c e iv e d
HOWARD, C. Edward, 1 9 2 9 - PETROGRAPHY O F THE JACK FORK SANDSTONE AT DE GRAY I)Ai\l, CLARK COUNTY, ARKANSAS.
Ixiuis iana State U n iv e r s i ty , Ph .D . , 1963 Geology
University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, M ichigan
PETROGRAPHY 0? THE JACKFCfiK SANDSTONE AT DS GRAY DAM, CLARK COUNTY, ARKANSAS
A D is se r ta t io n
Submitted to th e Graduate F acu lty o f the L ouisiana S ta te U n iv e rs ity and
A g r icu ltu ra l and M echanical C o lleg e in p a r t ia l f u l f i l l s * n t o f the requirem ents fo r th e degree e f
Doctor o f R iilo sop h y
in
The Department o f Geology
byC. Edward Howard
B .S ., Duke U n iv e r s ity , 1953 M .S., North C arolina S ta te C o lle g e , 1955
June, 1963
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The w r ite r I s indebted to Dr. John C. Fern, A sso c ia te P ro fessor o f
Geology a t L ouisiana S ta te U n iv e r s ity , fo r h is guidance and advice
throughout the stu d y , and to Dr. A. E. Sandberg, P ro fessor and Chairman
o f the Department o f G eology, who c r i t i c a l l y read th e m anuscript and
made many u se fu l su g g e st io n s .
Dr. B. H. F arth ing, C hief S t a t i s t i c ia n , L ouisiana S ta te U n iv ersity
A g r icu ltu r a l Experiment S ta t io n , helped the author through much o f the
s t a t i s t i c a l s tu d y . Mr. John E. Rovlk, In s tr u c to r o f Geology a t
L ouisiana S ta te U n iv er s ity , helped w ith th e c la y 1 -r a y s . Dr. U lrich Jux,
o f th e U n iv ers ity o f Cologne, Germany, in s tr u c te d th e author in the
spore stu d y . Comments on the spore id e n t i f i c a t io n s were made by
Dr. Gerhard 0 . W. Kremp, o f the U n iv er s ity o f A risona, based on photo
micrographs o f th e sp o res.
The author a ls o w ish es to thank th e Geology Branch o f the Waterways
Experiment S ta t io n in Vicksburg, M is s is s ip p i , f o r making th e cores
a v a ila b le fo r study, and Dr. C harles R. Kolb and Mr. W. B. S te in r ie d e ,
J r . , both o f the Waterways Experiment S ta t io n , fo r t h e ir h e lp in the
f i e l d and in th e s e le c t io n o f th e c o r e s .
F in a lly , more than thanks i s due th e a u th o r 's w ife , who typed the
m anuscript, and who was a source o f h e lp and in s p ir a t io n during the
e n t ir e p r o je c t .
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................. i i
LIST OF T A B L E S .............................................................................................................iv
LIST OF FIG U R ES......................................................................................................... v
A BSTR A C T...........................................................................................................................v i
CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1
L ocation and purpose o f study ................................................. 1The Jackfork sandstone ..................................................................... 3
II GEOLOGY OF THE JACKFORK SANDSTONE ................................................. OR egional geo logy ................................................................................... 6Geology o f the De Gray dam a r e a ........................................................ 11
I I I TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS.................................................................... . 13
Methodology ..................................................................................................13M ineral c o m p o s i t io n .................................................................................... 21Grain s iz e and s o r t i n g ............................................................................. 26
IV ANALYSIS OF THE D A T A ....................................................................................30
M ineral compositJ o n ...................................................... 30Grain s i z e , so r tin g and stru ctu re .......................................... 43
D ifferen ce s between rock typ es ................................................. 52D ifferen ces w ith in rock typ es . . . . . . . . 59
V SUMMARY ..................................................................... 67
Source a r e a .........................................................................................................b7Environment o f d e p o s i t i o n ...................................................................... t>7
SELECTED REFERENCES ................................................................................................. 70
A P P E N D IX .......................................................................................................................... 76
Appendix A - M ineral com position and gra in s iz e data o f theth in s e c t i o n s ....................................................................................76
Appendix B - M ineral com position and gra in s iz e data o f thet o t a l cored s e c t io n and o f each rock type . . . 182
Appendix C - S tra tig ra p h ic d is t r ib u t io n o f the rock ty p es . . 195Appendix D - Recovery, co n cen tra tio n , and id e n t i f i c a t io n o f
s p o r e s ............................................................................................... 201
V IT A ...................................................................................................................................... 204
iii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I R x C Contingency Table o f A ll 11 Rock Types Basedon Four C om positional C l a s s e s ........................................................ 32
II Chi-Square Values and F T est o f A ll U Rock TypesBased on Four C om positional C l a s s e s .......................................... 36
I I I Chi-Square Values and F T est o f Sandstones v s . S h a lesBased on Four C om positional C l a s s e s .......................................... 37
IV R x C Contingency Table o f the Sandstones Based onS id e r ite v s . A ll O t h e r s ...................................................................... 39
V Chi-Square Values and F T est o f the SandstonesBased on S id e r ite v e . A ll Others , . 41
VI R x C Contingency Table o f the Sandstones Based onI l l i t e v s . A ll O t h e r s ............................................................................. 43
VII Chi-Square Values and F T est o f the Sandstones Basedon I l l i t e v s . A ll O t h e r s ...................................................................... 43
VIII 2 x 2 Chi-Square and 4 T est o f A sso c ia t io n o f w uartiGrain S ize and I l l i t e C o n t e n t ........................................................ 47
I I B a r t le t t ' s T est o f Thin S ectio n s M ithin th e E ntireC o r e ...................................................................................................................... 49
£ R esu lts o f B a r t l e t t ' s T ests on Thin S ectio n s M ithinEach Rock T y p e .......................................................................................... 33
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
F ig u re 1 G eolog ic maps o f th e O u ach ita M ountains andth e De Gray Dam a r e a ............................................................................. 2
F ig u re 2 M iss is s ip p ia n -fe n n sy lv a n i& n s t r a t i g r a p h ic s e c t io n ,c e n t r a l O u ach ita M ountains, Oklahoma ................................... 8
F ig u re 3 D iv is io n o f c o re s in to ro ck t y p e s ................................................. 15
F ig u re 4A G raphic lo g o f Core G - 9 ......................................................................16
F ig u re 4B G raphic lo g o f Core G-3 and G-9 co n tin u ed . . . . 17
F ig u re 5 Example o f g rap h s used to d e te rm in e th e numbero f g r a in s which shou ld be m easured in each th in s e c t io n .......................................................................................................29
F ig u re b Comparison o f th e average g r a in s iz e and v a r ia n c eo f th e 11 ro ck ty p e s and th e e n t i r e co red s e c t io n used in th e s t u d y .................................................................................. 5 +
F ig u re 7 R e la t io n s n ip o f d e p o s i t io n a i env ironm ent torock ty p e s ................................................................................................57
Figure 8 A comparison o f sandstone rock type v a r ia b le s . . . 60
F ig u re 9 A com parison o f s h a le ro ck ty p e v a r ia b le s . . . . 63
Figure 10 S tra tig ra p h ic v a r ia t io n s in energy e f f ic ie n c yo r d u r a t io n and energy i n t e n s i t y as i n t e r p r e t e dfrom s o r t in g and average g r a in s iz e o f th erock ty p e s ................................................................................................66
v
ABSTRACT
The Jackfork sandstone o f th e O uachita M ountains o f Arkansas
and Oklahoma r e p r e se n ts part o f a s e r ie s o f th ic k g e o s jn c l in a l
sed im en ts. In t y p ic a l developm ent i t c o n s is t s o f 5 ,6 0 0 to 5 ,3 0 0 f e e t
o f a lte r n a t in g sandstone and dark gray s h a le , sandstone b ein g th e most
abundant rock ty p e . The t o t a l th ic k n e s s , average g ra in s i s e , and
p ercen tage o f san d ston es in c re a se in an e a s t e r ly d ir e c t io n , toward the
in fe r r e d source a rea .
In I960 th e U. S. Army Corps o f S n g in eers began in v e s t ig a t io n o f
the De Gray Dam s i t e te n m ile s northw est o f A rkadelphia, A rkansas, on
th e Caddo R iv er . In t h i s area the Jackfork i s about 6 ,0 0 0 f e e t th ic k
and com prises about 70f> sandstone and 30% s h a le . During th e cou rse o f
e x p lo ra to ry d r i l l i n g in th e dam s i t e area a number o f c o r e s o f fr e sh
rock from th e Jackfork wore recovered and th e se co res were made a v a i l
a b le fo r stu d y . Two c o res con sid ered to be r e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f the
sedim entary rock ty p e s observed in th e area were s e le c te d fo r a mega
sc o p ic and m icroscop ic stu d y o f s tr u c tu r e s , g r a in s i z e , s o r t in g , and
m in eral com position in order to determ ine s case th in g o f th e nature o f
th e source area and th e environm ent o f d e p o s it io n o f th e Jackfork s e d i
m ents. Organic ev id en ce was sp arse and l im ite d to a few sp o res and
broken p la n t fragm ents.
The c o r es used in t h i s study c o n s is t o f 2.1Jt con g lom erate , 5 6 ,A?
sandstone and 4 1 .5 £ sh a le and s i l t y s h a le . The conglom erates are
composed o f sms 11. orthoquart s i t e p eb b les and sc a tte r e d angular sh a le
vi
fragm ents and occur in beds up to 5 .5 f e e t th ic k . The sandstones are
composed o f a framework o f alm ost pure quarts gra in s w ith varying
amounts o f i l l i t e , s id e r i t e , and s i l i c a m atrix and cem ent. The sand
sto n e s occur in both s tr u c tu r e le s s maev^ve beds over 30 f e e t th ic k and
In u n its up to 3*6 f e e t th ic k showing p a r a l le l bedding p lan es and
o c c a s io n a l s c a le cro ss-b ed d in g . In d iv id u a l beds w ith in th ese
u n it s range from 1 /8 in ch to two in ch es th ic k . The th in n er sandstone
beds are coononly interbedded w ith the sh a le s and s i l t y s h a le s .
These sh a le s are composed p rim a r ily o f i l l i t e w ith varying amounts o f
s id e r i t e and s i l t s is e d quartz g r a in s . The more s i l t y la y e r s , l ik e
many th in san d ston es, o c c a s io n a lly show sm all s c a le cross-b ed d in g and
panecontemporaneous deform ation . The s i l t y laminae vary from approxi
m ately 1 /1 6 in ch to 1 /2 inch in th ic k n e s s . Graded bedding sh a le s
grade from la r g e r (or more numerous) s i l t s iz e d gra in s a t the bottom
to sm aller (or le e s numerous) s i l t s iz e d g ra in s a t the to p . These
la y e r s vary from approxim ately 1 /k to two in ch es in th ic k n e s s .
A r e la t iv e ly sim ple m ineral s u ite throughout the th ic k sedim entary
body and the presence o f o r th o q u a r ts ite rock fragm ents su g g est a
sedim entary source fo r the Jackfork ro ck s . D is t in c t iv e d if fe r e n c e s in
g ra in s iz e and so r tin g show th a t the energy system s a t the s i t e o f
d e p o s it io n were very e f f e c t iv e in reworking and so r tin g the sedim ents
in to d if f e r e n t rock ty p e s . The m assive sandstones are not as w e ll
so r ted as the bedded sa n d sto n es, but th e very high quartz con ten t o f
th e se m assive rocks in d ic a te s th a t even though d e p o s it io n was rapid
most o f th e f in s m a ter ia l i n i t i a l l y p resen t was e lim in a ted by winnow
in g . Bedded sandstones w ith saudl s c a le cro ss-b ed d in g , and a wide
range o f average g ra in s iz e s w ith e x c e l le n t so r tin g are probably the
vii
product o f normal aqueous curran ts o f varying v e lo c i t i e s ra th er than
tu r b id ity cu rra n ts. The in t ij sa te a s s o c ia t io n o f th ese bedded sand
sto n es w ith the sh a le s and s i l t y sh a le s l a p l i e s th a t d e p o s it io n o f a l l
th e se sedim ents probably took p lace in e s s e n t ia l ly the same gen era l
environment which was probably r e la t iv e ly shallow w ater.
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
LOCATION AND PURPOSE OF STUDY
I n I960 th e U. S. Army Corps o f E n g in ee rs began th e De Gray Dam
p r o je c t te n m ile s n o rth w es t o f A rk ad e lp h ia , A rx an sas , on th e Caddo
R iv e r . The dam s i t e i s in a gorge th ro u g h a r id g e o f th e Ja c k fo rk
san d s to n e which i s a p rom inen t r id g e b u i ld e r a l l a lo n g i t s o u tc ro p s in
th e O u ach ita M ountains ( f i g . 1 ) .
D uring th e co u rse o f e x p lo ra to ry d r i l l i n g in tho dam s i t e a re a a
number o f co re s o f f r e s h rock from th e Jac k fo rx were reco v e re d and
th e s e c o re s were made a v a i la b le to th e w r i te r f o r s tu d y . A f te r th e
w r i te r examined th e co re s a v a i l a b le two were s e le c te d , w ith tn e h e lp
o f Dr. C h a rle s R. Kolb, o f th e Waterways E xperim ent S ta t io n in
V icksburg , M is s is s ip p i . These c o re s were r e p r e s e n ta t iv e o f a l l th e
rock ty p e s ob serv ed and were s u f f i c i e n t l y o v e r la p p in g and c lo s e to g e tn e r
to be c o r r e l a t e d , g iv in g th e th i c k e s t c o n tin u o u s s t r a t i g r a p h ic sequence
p o s s ib le . The w eath ered to p s o f th e c o re s arxt th e o v e r la p p in g s e c t io n
o f one o f th e c o re s were n o t used in th e s tu d y . The s e le c te d b o rin g s
came from a aone s l i g h t l y above th e s t r a t i g r a p h ic c e n te r of th e
Ja c k fo rk i n th e s tu d y a r e a .
Tne purpose o f t h i s s tu d y i s to c o n tr ib u te in fo rm a tio n r e le v a n t
to an u n d e rs ta n d in g o f th e env ironm ent o f d e p o s i t io n and th e n a tu re o f
th e so u rce a re a o f a s e c t io n o f th e Ja c k fo rk sandstone at, th e De Gray
1
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dam In A rk an sas , based on th e r e p r e s e n ta t iv e ro ck ty p e s c o n ta in e d i n
th e se c o re s . To t h i s end th e i n v e s t i g a t io n was concerned p r im a r i ly
w ith sed im en ta ry s t r u c t u r e s and t h i n s e c t io n s tu d ie s o f m in e ra l compo
s i t i o n , g r a in s i z e , and s o r t in g o f th e sed im en ts c o n ta in e d i n th e
c o re s .
THE JACKFORK SANDSTONE
The JackfurtL san d s to n e was named by T a ff (1902) f o r J a c k fo rk
M ountain, Oklahoma. I t i s exposed in th e O uach ita M ountains o f Arkan
sas and Oklahoma and r e p re s e n ts a p a r t o f a t h i c k s e r i e s of geosyn
c l i n a l se d im en ts . In t y p i c a l developm ent th e Ja c k fo rk c o n s is t s o f 5>b0u
to 5 ,300 f e e t o f a l t e r n a t in g san d sto n e and dark g ray s h a le , san d sto n e
be in g th e p r e v a i l in g ro ck ty p e . The t o t a l th ic k n e s s , average g r a in
s iz e , and p e rc e n ta g e o f sa n d s to n e s in c re a s e in an e a s t e r l y d i r e c t i o n ,
tow ard th e in f e r r e d so u rce a r e a .
The moBt in te n s iv e s tu d y o f th e Ja c k fo rk has been in th e w est and
c e n t r a l a r e a s o f th e O u ach ita M ountains, where i t has been d iv id e d in to
a group o f f iv e fo rm a tio n s . The d iv i s io n o f th e J a c k fo rk i n t o form a
t i o n s has n o t y e t been ex ten d ed th ro u g h A rk an sas. The age o f th e
Ja c k fo rk has been a s u b je c t o f c o n tro v e rs y fo r many y e a r s ; however,
th e Oklahoma G eo lo g ica l S o c ie ty has now ac cep ted C l i n e 's ev id en ce as
p ro o f o f a M ia s is s ip p ia n age (B ranson , 1 9 5 7 ), and i t i s t h i s age
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n t h a t i s used in t h i s m a n u sc rip t.
In e a s te r n Oklahoma th e Ja c k fo rk i s d e s c r ib e d a s a s e r i e s o f d ark
g ray s h a le s i n t r i c a t e l y in te rb e d d e d w ith t h i n , even beds o f san d s to n e
i n a manner su g g e s tin g a rhy thm ic o r c y c l ic d e p o s i t io n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c
o f f ly e c h f a c i e s (C lin e , I9 6 0 ) . Abundant so le m ark in g s , sp o ra d ic worm
4
t r a i l s , and co n v o lu te bedd ing a re a ls o p r e s e n t . D i r e c t io n a l p a le o -
c u r r e n t f e a tu r e s o f th e sa n d s to n e s such a s f l u t e c a s t s , g roove c a s t s ,
and bounce c a s t s in d ic a te t h a t th e c u r re n ts t r a n s p o r t in g th e Ja c k fo rk
sed im en ts flow ed from th e e a s t to s l i g h t l y so u th o f due w est (C lin e ,
I9 6 0 ) . C ro ss-b ed d in g i s uncoomon e x c e p t in th e Came Refuge f o r a a t io n
a t th e to p o f th e Ja c k fo rk san d s to n e where sm a ll s c a le c ro ss -b e d d in g
w ith r ip p le m arks, in c lu d in g some in te r f e r e n c e r ip p l e m arks, a re
common. Cole m ark ings a re r a r e , rfith th e p o s s ib le e x c e p tio n o f t h i s
upper p a r t o f th e Ja c k fo rk th e sed im en ts a re b e lie v e d t o have been
d e p o s ite d below wave base i n r e l a t i v e l y deep w a te r , th e norm al deep
w a te r s h a le d e p o s i t io n be in g in t e r r u p te d by t u r b i d i t y c u r r e n ts b r in g in g
in sands f o r e ig n to th e env ironm en t (S h e lb u rn e , I9 6 0 ) .
In w e s te rn A rkansas, b u t e a s t o f th e g e n e ra l a re a d is c u s s e d above,
th e J a c k fo rk i s d e s c r ib e d a s c o n s is t in g o f l a r g e ly n o n -rh y th m ic ,
sh a llo w w ate r se d im e n ts , w ith scxne rh y th m ic a lly in te rb e d d e d t h i n sand
s to n e s , s h a le s , and s i l t s t o n e s (Bokman, 1953}. Here r ip p l e m ark ings,
la m in a tio n s p a r a l l e l t o th e b ed d in g , and sm all s c a le c ro s s - la m in a t io n s
a re f a i r l y common. Large s c a le c ro ss -b e d d in g i s unknown. Bedding
p lane s t r u c t u r e s found in th e J a c k fo rk by Bokman (1953) a re c o n s id e re d
to be o f mixed o r ig in . He b e l ie v e s t h a t some o f th e s t r u c tu r e s
o r ig in a te d as r i l l o r d ra g m arkings in th e l i t t o r a l zone and t h a t lo c a l
and ephem eral s c o u rin g a c t io n by t u r b i d i t y flow s m igh t have been
p a r t l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r o th e r s . Bokman b e l ie v e s t h a t th e so u rce ro c k s
were p ro b ab ly m etased im en ts w hich were made a v a i la b le by th e fo ld in g
and u p l i f t i n g o f a p o r t io n o f th e e a r l i e r f i l l e d g e o s y n c lin e .
The d i f f e r e n t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f e n v iro n m e n ta l c o n d it io n s seem to
5
be based l a r g e ly on d i f f e r e n t f e a tu r e s observed in d i f f e r e n t l o c a l i
t i e s o f th e J a c k fo rk r a t h e r th a n on d i f f e r i n g o p in io n s co n cern in g
s im i la r f e a tu r e s . I f t h i s i s tim e th e n th e env ironm en t o f d e p o s it io n
o f th e Ja c k fo rk san d sto n e may be assumed to have been one o f r e l a t i v e l y
deep w a te r i n th e w est w h ile a more sh a llo w w a te r env ironm ent o b ta in e d
in th e e a s t , a t h e s i s which i s c o n s is te n t w ith th e c o n c lu s io n t h a t th e
sou rce a re a was to th e e a s t o r s o u th e a s t .
CHAPTER II
GEOLOGY OF THE JACKFORK SANDSTONE
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The Ouachita Mountains rep resen t th e moat northern exposure o f the
Ouachita fo ld ed g eo sy n c lin e which d isap p ears beneath th e c o a s ta l p la in
sedim ents to the w est, sou th , and east* The g eo sy n clin e has been
traced in th e subsurface southeastward in to southern Alabama. From the
w estern Ouachita Mountains the g eo sy n c lin e has been traced in tne sub
su rface south -sou thw est in to ce n tr a l Texas. From here i t curves west
and northw est in to w est Texas and th en tu rn s south , ap p aren tly passing
in to Mexico.
The Ouachita Mountains form a len s-sh a p ed area 50 t o 60 m ile s wide
and 220 m ile s lo n g , exten d in g from L i t t l e Rock, Arkansas, in the e a s t ,
to Atoka, Oklahoma, in the w est. The northern boundary o f t h i s physio
graphic and s tr u c tu r a l province i s the Arkansas V alley and the southern
boundary i s th e G ulf C oastal P la in . The area c o n s is t s o f r id g e - l ik e
mountains and interm ontane v a l le y s which p a r a l le l the r e g io n a l s tr ik e o f
the fo ld a x es , se v e r a l interm ontane b a s in s , and, on the sou th , a piedmont
p la tea u . R e l ie f in c r e a se s from about 250 f e e t near l i t t l e Rock to
n ea rly 2 ,0 0 0 f e e t near th e Arkansas-Oklahoma border, where the e le v a t io n
reaches 2 ,900 f e e t .
The stru c tu re o f th e O uachitas i s e s s e n t ia l ly th a t o f an a n t i -
clin oriu m . The in d iv id u a l f o ld s range from open to c lo s e ly compressed
6
7
a n t i c l i n e s and s y n c lin e s . Fan fo ld s a re a ls o p r e s e n t , some o f which
a r e norm al and some in v e r te d . The f a u l t s a re c h i e f l y re v e rs e and t h r u s t
f a u l t s .
Rocks o f th e O u ach ita M ountains in c lu d e a s e r i e s o f r e l a t i v e l y
t h i n L a r ly P a leo zo ic o r p re -S ta n le y d e p o s i ts o f b la c k g r a p t o l i t i c
3h a le s , bedded c h e r t s , n o v a c u l i te s , and f in e sa n d s to n e s o f O rd o v ic ian ,
S i l u r i a n , and Devonian age which re a c h a t o t a l th ic k n e s s o f 3*000-6 ,000
f e e t (K ing, 19 5 1 ). These ro c k s a re o v e r la in by a th i c k s e c t io n o f L ate
P a le o z o ic s h a le s and s a n d s to n e s .
The L a te M is s is s ip p ia n and i ia r ly P sn n sy lv a n ia r s t r a t a o f th e
S ta n le y -J a c k fo rk -Jo h n s V alley -A toka sequence have an a g g re g a te th ic k n e s s
o f a p p ro x im a te ly 2 2 ,000 f e e t i n th e h e a r t o f th e O u a c h ita s . These
ro ck s a re b e lie v e d to r e p re s e n t th e o ro g en ic phase sed im en ts o f th e
O uach ita g e o s y n c lin e . A s t r a t i g r a p h i c s e c t io n i s shown in f ig u r e 2 .
E x c e lle n t sunsnaries o f th e p re s e n t knowledge o f th e se sed im en ts a re
g iv e n by Bokman (1953)* C lin e ( I9 6 0 ) , and S helburne ( i9 6 0 ) .
The S ta n le y sh a le re a c h e s a th ic k n e s s o f a p p ro x im a te ly 1 1 ,0 0 0 f e e t
in th e C e n tra l O u ach ita s where i t has been d iv id e d in to th re e fo rm a tio n s .
The s t r a t a c o n s is t o f s h a le , grayw&cke, s i l t s t o n e , s i l i c e o u s s h a le , and
tu f f , in d e c re a s in g o rd e r o f abundance, th e san d sto n e s becoming prom inent
i n th e upper 1 ,5 0 0 f e e t . T y p ic a lly , beds a re a rra n g e d in a rhy thm ic
fa sn io n o f a l t e r n a t in g s h a le and graywacke w ith a few abnorm ally th ic k
s h a le and graywacke u n i t s . C ro ss-b e d d in g , a lth o u g h n o t cannon, has been
n o te d . The sed im en ts a re b e lie v e d to be m ain ly deep o r m o d era te ly deep
w a te r d e p o s i t s . The source ro c k s a re b e lie v e d by Bokman (1953) to be
p r im a r i ly c r y s t a l l i n e , n o t sed im en ta ry , a c o n c lu s io n reach ed on th e b a s is
8
System S e r ie s Group o r Form ation
P en n sy lv an ian
Atok&n Rocks o f A toka l i th o lo g y
Morrowan Johns V alley s h a le
M is s is s ip p ia n
C h e s te r ia n Ja c k fo rk se .
Game Refuge san d sto n e
Wesley s i l i c e o u s sh .
Markham M ill fm.
P r a i r i e M ountain fm.
W ildhorse M ountain fm.
M eramecian S ta n le y sh .
Chickasaw Creek s i l i c e o u s sh .
Moyers fm.
Ten M ile Creek sh .
From C lin e and S h e lb u rn e , 1959
F ig u re 2 . M is s is s ip p ia n -F e n n a y lv a n ia n s t r a t i g r a p h ic s e c t io n , c e n t r a l Ouachita M ountains, Oklahoma
9
o f a t h i n s e c t io n s tu d y o f th e e lo n g a t io n o f q u a r tz g r a in a . In
th e tie s t e r n and n o r th w e s te rn p o r t io n s o f th e f r o n t a l O ia c h ita s th e
S ta n le y t h i n s r a p id ly . The J a c k fo rk san d sto n e l i e s conform ably on
th e S tan le y s h a le w ith a g r a d a t io n a l c o n ta c t .
The Ja c k fo rk san d sto n e c ro p s o u t around th e core o f th e O u ach ita
M ountains th ro u g h o u t th e p ro v in ce and in c r e a s e s in th ic k n e s s from
ap p ro x im a te ly 1 ,7 0 0 f e e t n o r th e a s t o f A toka, Oklahoma, to a p p ro x im a te ly
6 ,5 0 0 f e e t i n e a s te r n Oklahoma. The av erag e s a n d s to n e -s h a le r a t i o
i s on th e o rd e r o f th r e e to tw o, b u t t h i s w i l l vary r e g io n a l ly and
w ith s t r a t i g r a p h i c p o s i t io n (C lin e , I9 6 0 ) . The av e rag e r a t i o o f
san d s to n e to s h a le seems to be somewhat l e s s i n th e u p p er p a r t o f th e
Ja c k fo rk th a n i n th e lo w er. Bokman (1953) r e p o r t s an average r a t i o o f
704 s a n d s to n e , 274 s h a le , and 34 s i i t s t o n e in m easured s e c t io n s t o t a l i n g
1 ,033 f e e t . S i l t s t o n e i s g e n e r a l ly in te rb e d d e d w ith s h a le . I n d iv id u a l
m assive sa n d s to n e s have a maximum observed th ic k n e s s o f 43 f e e t
unbroken by th in n e r zones o f 9 h a le . S h ale b ed s , unbroken by th in n e r
oeds o f sa n d s to n e , have a maximum observed th ic k n e s s o f 57 f e e t . West
o f t h i s a re a C lin e (I9 6 0 ) r e p o r t s a maximum o b serv ed th ic k n e s s o f on ly
e ig h t f e e t o f sa n d s to n e , unbroken by s h a le . The sa n d s to n e s o f th e
Ja c k fo rk seem to be somewhat c le a n e r th a n th o se o f th e S ta n le y , having
th e appearance o f q u a r t z i t e s , and a lth o u g h r e l a t i v e l y f in e g ra in e d , a re
c o a r s e r th a n th e S ta n le y s a n d s to n e s . An av erag e Ja c k fo rk san d sto n e
d e s c r ib e d by Bokman (1953) has a mean g r a in s iz e o f 2 .3 0 0 and i s c a l l e d
a sub-grayw acke w ith 0-24 f e ld s p a r .
The Johns V a lley sh a le o v e r l i e s th e J a c k fo rk san d sto n e in th e
n o r th w e s te rn and c e n t r a l O u a c h ita s . In c h a r a c t e r i s t i c developm ent i t
10
in c lu d e s 4-25 to 90C f e e t o f p r e v a i l in g ly s h a ly s t r a t a w ith some th in
in te rb e d d e d sa n d s to n e s in th e u pper p o r t io n . In a b e l t 25-30 m ile s wide
and e x te n d in g from n ear A toka, Oklahoma, in th e w este rn p a r t o f th e
f r o n t a l O u a c h ita s , eas tw ard f o r ab o u t 125 m ile s in to A rkansas, th e sh a le
c o n ta in s lim e s to n e e r r a t i c s ra n g in g in s iz e from p eb b les to b o u ld e rs
40 f e e t o r more in d ia m e te r . Of th e v a r io u s t h e o r ie s advanced to ex p la in
th e t r a n s p o r t a t io n o f th e sm a lle r e r r a t i c s to th e s i t e o f d e p o s i t io n
C lin e ( i9 6 0 ) c o n s id e rs ic e r a f t i n g to be th e m ost l o g i c a l . He b e l ie v e s
th e l a r g e r b lo c k s may have s l i d down th e s te e p w ss te rn and n o r th e rn
s lo p e s o f th e O u ach ita tro u g h on a bottom lu b r ic a te d by accu m u la tin g
b la c k muds.
The Atoka fo rm a tio n o v e r l ie s th e Ja c k fo rk san d sto n e in th e so u th
e a s t and th e Johns V a lley sh a le in th e c e n t r a l and n o r th w e s te rn CXiachi-
t a s . The Atoka i s ex trem ely v a r ia b le in b o th th ic k n e s s and l i th o lo g y .
I t re a c h e s a th ic k n e s s o f o,30Q f e e t (S h e lb u rn e , i 9 6 0 ) , b u t th e com plete
th ic k n e s s i s n o t p re s e n t in th e CXiachita M ountains, th e upper p o r tio n
hav ing been removed by e ro s io n (C lin e , I9 6 0 ) . The ro ck s a re m ain ly
l i g h t g ra y , s i l t y , m icaceo u s, and f la k y s h a le w ith le n s e s and beds o f
sa n d s to n e . The s a n d s to n e s a re g e n e r a l ly poo rly s o r te d , m icaceous, and
m o d era te ly a r g i l la c e o u s (G o ld s te in , 1959).
In summary, th e r e l a t i v e l y th in p re -S ta n le y ro ck s seem to r e p re s e n t
a p e rio d o f v e ry slow se d im e n ta tio n in an e s s e n t i a l l y s ta rv e d tro u g h
w hile th e v ery th ic k S ta n le y -J a c k fo rk -Jo h n s V alley-A toka sequence was
d e p o s ite d d u rin g a p e r io d o f very a c t iv e te c to n ism . In th e w este rn
O u ach itas th e re p e a te d a l t e r n a t io n s o f d a rk s h a le s and g ray sa n d s to n e s ,
la c k o f c ro s s -b e d d in g , and th e p resen ce o f f l u t e c a s t s , g roove c a s t s ,
II
and bounce c a s ts are in ter p r e te d as fe a tu r e s o f tu r b id ite s and the
sedim ents are b e liev ed to nave been la id down in r e la t iv e ly deep w ater.
The o r ie n ta t io n o f the bedding s tru ctu res and the eastward th ick en in g of
the sedim ents seems to in d ic a te th a t the source area was to the e a s t
or so u th ea st. In the ea stern O uachitas the ch aracter o f the Jackfork
sandstone has changed sou k*what. The sands are c le a n e r , cross-b ed d ing
and r ip p le markings are f a ir ly common, and m assive sandstones reach a
th ick n ess o f 43 f e e t in one observed s e c t io n . These fea tu res have led
bo<ruan (1953/ to tite co n c lu sio n th a t , in t h is area a t l e a s t , the S tan ley-
Jackfork sequence rep resen ts an o v e r -a l l trend from deep to snallow
water d e p o s it io n .
ijiOlXJG f uF THK J ti -Irliii DAI ARliA
Tne De Dray Dam i s in the south flank o f the Ouachita Mountains in
the extreme ea stern outcrop of the Jackfork sandstone c lo se to where i t
plunges beneatn the c o a s ta l p la in sed im en ts, a d isc u s s io n of the geology
o f th is area i s contained in the U. b. Army Waterways experim ent S ta tio n
Design Memorandum No. 3-1 (1961).
The S tan ley sha le crops out in the northern part o f th e area ( f i g .
1) and i s composed of a lte r n a tin g la y e r s o f sandstones and sh a le in a
r a t io o f about 60A sn a le to UOA sandstone.
The Jackfork sandstone conformably o v e r lie s the o ta n iey 3hale w ith
a con tact which i s g rad ation a l over sev era l te n s o f f e e t . The Jackfork
i s about 70 i sandstone and approxim ately o ,000 f e e t th ic k in the area o f
the dam s i t e . The sandstones are l ig h t to dark gray or brown and medium
to f in e grained with sporadic le n se s o f coarse quartz g r a in s . The
12
s h a le s a re d a rk gray to b la c k , t h i n l y bedded, h a rd , and f i s s i l e . The
s h a le s o ccu r as th ic k beds b u t more commonly as t h i n la y e r s between th e
more m assive beds o f sa n d s to n e s .
C o r r e la t io n o f in d iv id u a l beds over lo n g d is ta n c e s i s im p o ss ib le
and o f te n d i f f i c u l t over d is ta n c e s o f even a few hundred f e e t , a s th e
sa n d sto n es and s h a le s grade r a p id ly from one to a n o th e r . The beds a t
th e dam s i t e d ip so u th a t an average o f 45* and s t r i k e N 88* iV. Two
m ile s so u th o f th e dam s i t e th e d ip o f th e beds f l a t t e n s to 14*-18*
and th e s t r i k e v a r ie s from N 80* E t o N 90* £ .
J o in t s in th e san d s to n es a re up to 1 /4 " w ide, some being p a r t i a l l y
f i l l e d w ith s i l i c a . J o in ts i n th e s h a le s a re le s s pronounced and many
a re t i g h t l y s e a le d . T ra n sv e rse f a u l t s a re num erous. The Caddo K iver
gorge th ro u g h th e Ja c k fo rk san d sto n e fo llo w s a la rg e t r a n s v e r s e f a u l t .
Bedding p lane f a u l t s , ev idenced by s l ic k e n s id e s and c la y seam s,
p ro b ab ly o ccu rred d u r in g t i l t i n g o f th e beds.
The Ja c k fo rk i s conform ably o v e r la in by th e Atoka fo rm a tio n in th e
a re a o f th e dam s i t e . I t c ro p s o u t to th e s c u th o f th e Ja c k fo rk and
d ip s b en ea th th e C re taceo u s sed im en ts o f th e c o a s ta l p la in . The Atoka
i s composed o f ap p ro x im a te ly SOjL s h a le w ith f in e g ra in e d sa n d sto n es
o c c u r r in g m ain ly as th in beds a few in c h e s to a fo o t th ic k .
CHAPTER I I I
TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS
METHODOLOGY
The two co re s s e le c te d f o r s tu d y a re ap p ro x im a te ly 2 .1 5 in c h e s in
d i s a s t e r and were d r i l l e d v e r t i c a l l y . The t o t a l le n g th o f co re s tu d ie d
was 297 f e e t . At th e De Gray dam th e Ja c k fo rk has a d ip o f 45*, t h e r e
f o re th e 297 f e e t o f v e r t i c a l co re r e p r e s e n ts a t o t a l s e c t io n o f 210
f e e t .
The c o re s c o n ta in a s e r i e s o f re p e a te d s a n d s to n e s , s h a le s and s i l t y
s h a le s . F e a tu re s in a co re w hich would r e f l e c t th e in f lu e n c e o f th e
env ironm ent o f d e p o s i t io n , and in p a r t , th e n a tu re o f th e so u rce a re a ,
in c lu d e th e ev id en ce o f f o s s i l s , and th e ro ck pj i p e r t i e s o f g ra in s iz e ,
s o r t in g , s t r u c t u r e , and c o m p o sitio n .
F o s s i l s a re sp a rse i n th e J a c k fo rk . A lthough th e s h a le s c o n ta in
b la c k carbonaceous m a te r ia l , o n ly a few m egascopic bu t sm a ll p la n t
frag m en ts were found in th e c o re s . F i f t y - f i v e sam ples were t r e a t e d f o r
th e rem oval and c o n c e n tra t io n o f s p o re s . The re c o v e ry was s m a ll , b o th
in number and g e n e ra . The te c h n iq u e s and r e s u l t s o f t h i s a n a ly s is a re
c o n ta in e d in th e ap p en d ix . No s h e l l s o r s h e l l frag m en ts were i d e n t i
f ie d in th e c o re s .
The in v e s t i g a t io n was co n se q u e n tly concerned p r ima r i l y w ith th e
ro ck p r o p e r t ie s o f g r a in s i z e , s o r t i n g , s t r u c t u r e , and c o lo r . The co res
13
14
ware d iv id e d in t o 11 ro ck ty p e s based on th e s e v a r ia b le s as th e y were
observed by m egascopic e x am in a tio n ( f i g . 3 ) .
A d e s c r ip t io n o f th e ro ck ty p e s based on th e s e v a r ia b le s fo llo w s .
The cong lom erate i s p o o rly s o r te d and m assive i n s t r u c t u r e , d r a in s
w ith a p p a re n t long axes up t o -2 .6 6 0 were m easured i n t h i n s e c t io n and
s t i l l l a r g e r g r a in s were o b serv ed in hand specim ens, b u t none ex ceed in g
-4 0* The v a s t m a jo r i ty o f g r a in s a re rounded q u a r tz o r q u a r t z i t e . A
few a n g u la r s h a le frag m en ts were s e e n . In g e n e ra l th e low er c o n ta c ts
o f th e co n g lo m era tes a re q u i te sh a rp and th e u pper c o n ta c ts a re g rad a
t i o n a l over a few in c h e s t o a fo o t o r s to re .
The m assive san d sto n es were d iv id e d on th e b a s is o f c o lo r i n t o two
g ro u p s , brown and g ra y . K xcept f o r t h i s d i f f e r e n c e in c o lo r th e r e i s
no obv ious m egascopic d i f f e r e n c e betw een th e two g ro u p s . N e ith e r shows
v i s i b l e s t r u c tu r e o r v a r i a t io n s in t e x tu r e . H adiographs were made of
fo u r s l i c e s o f th e m assive san d s to n e s in th e manner d e s c r ib e d by Hamblin
(1962) on th e s t r e n g th o f th e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t th e y m ight show some
o th e rw ise i n v i s i b l e s t r u c t u r e , b u t th e y re v e a le d no s t r u c tu r e o r v a r i a
t io n s i n t e x t u r e . The t h i c k e s t unbroken sequence o f m assive sandstone
i n th e co re s i s ap p ro x im a te ly 50 f e e t , b u t because t h i s u n i t o ccu rs a t
th e to p o f th e c o re , i t s t o t a l th ic k n e s s i s unknown. Of th e 50 f e e t
c o n ta in e d i n th e co re th e upper 1 4 .4 f e e t was w eathered and th e r e fo r e
i t was n o t in c lu d e d i n th e s tu d y . I t shou ld be n o ted t h a t th e s e c t io n
r e f e r r e d t o above i s composed o f m assive brown sandstone o n ly . The
t o t a l co red th ic k n e s s o f m assive sa n d s , p eb b ly sa n d s , bedded sa n d s , and
co n g lo m era te s , down to th e f i r s t ap p earan ce o f s h a le , i s ap p ro x im a te ly
115 f e e t ( f i g . 4 ) . These m easurem ents a re v e r t i c a l and r e p re s e n t
T o ta l Core Used In Study - 297 F e e t*
Coarse G rained Rocks
6 .1 f e e t (2 .1 * o ft o t a l c o re )
Conglomerate
Rock Type 07 6 .1 f e e t
(2 .1 * o f t o t a l c o re )
Medium G rained Rocks
167.8 f e e t (5 6 .4 * o f t o t a l c o re )
C o lo r
Brown36 .3 f e e t (2 9 .0 * of
t o t a l co re )
Gray8 1 .5 f e e t (2 7 .4 * o f
t o t a l c o re )
Massive Brown M assive GraySandstone Sandstone
&•Ht££O
Rock Type 01 7 2 .2 f e e t
(24 .3* of t o t a l co re ) £■H
Rock Type 04 51 .4 f e e t
(1 7 .3 * o f t o t a l c o re )
Bedded Brown Sandstone
£OCOUO
Padded Gray Sandstone
O&■Py££*3
Rock Type 02 2 .1 f e e t
(0 .7* o f t o t a l c o re )
uS30au-p
Rock Type 05 23 .5 f e e t
(9 .6* o f t o t a l c o re )
01Pebbly Brown Sand
stoneRock Type 03
12 .0 f e e t (4 .0 * o f t o t a l core)
toPebbly Gray Sand
s to n eRock Type 06
1 .6 f e e t (0 .5* o f t o t a l co re )
Fine G rained Rocks
123.1 f e e t
to£
ocnuo
o2
(4 1 .5 * o f t o t a l c o re )
Massive ShaleRock Type 03
2 .6 f e e t(0 .9 * o f t o t a l co re )
D is tu rb ed S tru c tu re Shale
Rock Type 093 2 . 6 f e e t
(1 1 ,0 * o f t o t a l c o re )
Graded Bedding Shale
Rock Type 10 3 3 .8 f e e t
(1 1 .4 * o f t o t a l co re )
Mixed D is tu rb ed St r u c tu r e ar:d Graded Bedding Shale
Rock Type 1154 .1 f e e t
(13 .2* o f t o t a l c o re )
"A ll measurements r e f e r to co re le n g th , n o t s t r a t i g r a p h ic th ic k n e s s . F igure 3 . D iv is io n o f co res in to rock ty p e s .
16
Core G—9E lev a tio n a t 20' Depth - 3 1 3 .1 '
Depth 20' ~i
f *Y
6 0 ’ -
y'sf,x\
I l l
■::s
1 6 0 ' - f
jjtiiiiuja
id
;w a T . -
01M assive Brown
Sandstone
02Bedded Brown
Sandstone
03Pebbly Brown
Sandstone
04M assive Gray
Sand stone
05Beddec Gray
Sandstone
06Pebbly Gray
Sandstone
07Conglomerate
OPM assive Shale
09D isturbed S tru c
tu re Shale
10Graded Bedding
Shale
11Mixed D isturbed S tru ctu re and Graded Bedding
Shale
100' JFigure 4A. Graphic lo g o f
Core G-9.
17
Core G-9 Continued
Core G-8E lev a tio n a t 1 0 9 .6 = 116 .3
DepthD e a t h
190 ' -
20 0 1 H' ■' i
TlTlllTTTlUJ
2 1 0 * -
2 2 0 ' -
ittU'..' t
2 4 0 ' -
260' J
NOTE: The co rr e la te d s e c t io n o fCore G-8 which i s s tr a t ig r a p h ie s lily below Core G-9 i s s l i g h t l y updip and was taken to p o g ra p h ica lly downh i l l from G-9, th e r e fo r e the core depth i s not in sequence.
F igure 4B. Graphic lo g o f Core G-8 and G-9 con tin u ed .
0887
6058
9491
4320
18
a p p a re n t th ic k n e s s . The beds d ip a t an a n g le o f ap p ro x im a te ly 45*;
th e r e f o r e t r u e th ic k n e s s can be d e te rm in ed by m u lt ip ly in g th e v a lu e s by
0 .7 0 7 .
The pebbly sand ston es were a ls o d iv id ed in to brown and gray groups.
The co lo r and gra in s i s e d is t in c t io n o f th e pebbly gray group was
d i f f i c u l t , and la t e r petrographic a n a ly se s in d ic a te d no s ig n i f ic a n t
d iffe r e n c e between th e pebbly gray and the m assive brown san d ston es.
The pebbly sand ston es are much l ik e the m assive sandstones ( in which
th ey are g e n e r a lly con ta in ed ) excep t fo r the presence o f p eb b les and
sporadic sh a le fragm ents in the form er. Both upper and low er co n ta cts
w ith the m assive sandstones are t y p ic a l ly g r a d a tio n a l.
The bedded sandstones were a ls o d iv id ed in to gray and brown groups.
Bedded sandstones are much more abundant in th e gray than in the brown
group. In d iv id u a l beds range from approxim ately 1 /8 to two in ch es
th ic k . The bedding plane i s u su a lly marked by a high percentage of
c la y . Some sm all s c a le cross-b ed d in g i s v i s i b l e , and some o f th e more
e x te n s iv e laminae may a c tu a lly rep resen t cross-b ed d in g which i s too
la r g e to be apparent in the c o r e s . Penscontemporaneous slump or flow
s tr u c tu re s are p resen t but not covaon. The bedded sandstones grade in to
th e d istu rb ed stru c tu re sh a le s as determ ined by the m egascopic c r i t e r ia
o f gra in s ia e and th ick n e ss o f s e t s o f beds. Consequently i t was
n ecessary t o e s ta b l is h o p er a tio n a l d iv is io n s o f the two ty p e s . These
d iv is io n s were based on bedding, which was a much more r e l ia b le method
than a m egascopic d iv is io n based on gra in s i s e ; however, d ecrea sin g
gra in s i s e seemed to be d e f in i t e ly a s so c ia te d w ith d ecrea sin g bed
th ic k n e s s . I f the t o t a l s e t o f lam inated beds was more than 0 .2 f e e t
th ic k i t was c a lle d bedded sandstone; i f l e s s i t was c a lle d d istu rb ed
stru c tu re sh a le .
19
D isturbed s tr u c tu r e sh a le i s a te n s used in t h i s paper to in c lu d e
a l l sh a le s or s i l t y sh a le s which do not show sim ple v e r t i c a l ly graded
bedding w ith no slump or flo w s tr u c tu r e s or s i l t la y e r s . The s tr u c tu r e s
are accen tu ated by s i l t y b ed s, some showing sm all s c a le cro ss-b ed d in g .
In tern a l slumping and lo a d in g s tr u c tu r e s are p resen t. Flowage fo ld s or
r o l l s are a ls o p resen t but r a r e . The s i l t y lamlnaa vary from ap p rox i
m ately 1 /1 6 in ch to 1 /2 in ch th ic k . S evera l o f th e se lam inae may occur
to g e th e r between s i l t - p o o r sh a le la y e r s . The s i l t y la y e r s are in t e r
bedded w ith s i l t - p o o r s h a le s g e n e r a lly in an a lte r n a t in g manner, but
u su a lly w ith one type or th e o th er dom inating in th ic k n ess by a v a r ia b le
amount. The s i l t - p o o r laminae vary In th ic k n e ss from approxim ately 1/4 in ch to one in c h . S evera l o f th e se laminae may occur to g e th er w ithout
in ter v e n in g s i l t y la y e r s . The s i l t - p o o r lam inae u su a lly show some in d i
c a t io n o f grading from coarser grained (or more numerous g r a in s ) a t
the bottom to f in e r grained (or l e s s numerous g r a in s ) a t th e to p . Any
s tr u c tu r e s p resen t in th e se s i l t - p o o r laminae seem t o be the r e s u lt o f
slumping or lo a d in g . G en era lly upper and low er c o n ta c ts between the
s i l t y beds and s i l t - p o o r beds are sharp. The co lo r o f th e d istu rb ed
str u c tu r e sh a le s v a r ie s from medium gray to dark gray or b lack .
The graded bedding sh a le s are composed o f beds th a t show obvious
grading by d ecreasin g g ra in s i s e , d ecrea s in g number o f g r a in s , or a
com bination o f both from th e bottom s to the tope o f th e beds. The
b ed s, or lam inae, vary in th ic k n e ss from approxim ately 1 /4 in ch t o two
in ch es and average about 1 /2 in c h . The bottom s o f th e beds or laminae
are norm ally in sharp co n ta ct w ith th e underly ing la y e r s . TM co lo r
v a r ie s from medium gray t o b la ck .
20
The m assive sh a le s are very dark gray or b lack and are probably
very c lo s e ly r e la te d to the graded bedding s h a le s but do not co n ta in
enough s i l t s iz e d p a r t ic le s t o make bedding e a s i ly v i s i b l e .
Throughout much o f th e core the d istu rb ed s tr u c tu r e and graded
bedding shaleB were so in tim a te ly a sso c ia te d th a t i t was im p ra c tica l
to t r y to sep a ra te them. The rock type c a l le d 11 mixed d istu rb ed s tr u c
tu re and graded bedding shale" was e s ta b lis h e d to in c lu d e th e se in tim a te
m ix tu res . The graded bedding sh a le seems to be th e more dominant type
in t h i s mixed category .
The s tr a t ig r a p h ic p o s it io n s o f th e variou e rock ty p e s are shown in
f ig u r e 4 .
In order to make a m icroscop ic exam ination o f th e se rock ty p es i t
was n ecessa ry to sample a l l th e typ es in r e la t iv e ly smal 1 in crem en ts,
i . e . , ch ip s or sm all hand specim ens from which th in s e c t io n s cou ld be
c u t . The o b je c t iv e s o f the th in s e c t io n study were b a s ic a l ly tw ofold;
the f i r s t , to determ ine m ineral ca sip o sitio n o f the rock s; th e second,
to determ ine t h e ir s o r t in g and mean g ra in s i z e .
To g a in re le v a n t in form ation concerning the source area and the
environm ent o f d e p o s it io n the sam pling plan should be o f a type such
th a t an e s t im a tio n can be made o f the com position o f the e n t ir e s e c t io n
rep resen tin g the sedim entary body as w e ll as the com p osition o f each
rock ty p e . The sam ples ( th in s e c t io n s ) should a ls o g iv e a r e l ia b le
estim a te o f th e gra in s iz e and s o r t in g so th a t i f th e rocks d i f f e r in
th e se p r o p e r tie s th e d if fe r e n c e s may be d e te c te d . In a d d itio n to
showing th e d if fe r e n c e s between rock ty p es (which g iv e a c lu e t o the
p o ss ib ly d if f e r in g environm ents o f d e p o s it io n ) the data obtained should
21
show v a r ia t io n s or d if fe r e n c e s w ith in the rock ty p es which would supply
fu r th er in form ation concerning tne environment o f d e p o s it io n and i t s
f lu c tu a t io n s w ith in each ty p e .
Further, th e sam pling method should be sim ple but o f a typ e such
th a t the in form ation obtained w i l l lend i t s e l f t o a s t a t i s t i c a l
a n a ly s is o f th e d a ta . The method which f u l f i l l s a l l o f th e se req u ire
ments i s one o f s t r a t i f i e d , sim ple (and p ro p o rtio n a l) random samples o f
increm ents o f approxim ately 22 x 33 am, i . e . , th e s iz e and th ic k n ess o f
a th in s e c t io n . The s tr a ta were the U rock ty p e s . Samples w ith in each
rock typ e were taken randomly. The number o f samples taken w ith in each
type was determ ined by the percentage o f th e e n t ir e core th a t the
p a r tic u la r type composed. The b a s ic plan was to take 100 sam ples so
th a t i f a rock type composed 2kJ> o f the t o t a l core 2k samples would be
taken; however, th ree o f the rock ty p es were l e s s than l i o f the t o t a l .
A s t a t i s t i c a l comparison o f th e se ty p es would have been im p o ssib le w ith
on ly one sample, th e r e fo r e in th ese th ree cases two random samples were
taken in each ty p e , m aking.a t o t a l o f 103 sam ples fo r the e n t ir e co re .
The th in s e c t io n s were ground to a th ic k n e ss o f approxim ately 0 .025 mn
and mounted in caedax which has an in d ex o f approxim ately 1 ,5 5 .
MINERAL COMPOSITION
M ineral com position o f the rocks was determined by the method o f
p o in t counting in th in s e c t io n as d escr ib ed by M ilner (1 9 6 2 ). On each
s l id e 20 p o in ts were counted on each o f f iv e t r a v e r s e s . The l in e s were
22
randomly h o r iz o n ta l or v e r t ic a l and d ir e c t io n o f movement a lon g th e
l in e s was a ls o random. The s ta r t in g p o in t o f each tra v erse w» b d e te r
mined by d iv id in g the th in s e c t io n in to coord in ates and s e le c t in g one
o f th ese co o rd in a tes by use o f a random number ta b le . The purpose o f
t h i s method o f counting was to make each th in se c t io n as n ea r ly a
homogeneous sample o f the rock type from which i t was taken as was
p o s s ib le . Each o f the 100 p o in ts thus lo c a te d in th e th in s e c t io n s
were d esign ated as one o f the c a te g o r ie s d escrib ed below .
Quartz: Attempts to d iv id e the quartz g ra in s in to su b -ty p es based
on e x t in c t io n were abandoned. Because o f the g e n e r a lly sm all g ra in s iz e
the gra in s could not r e l ia b ly be placed in c a te g o r ie s o f d i s t in c t iv e
e x t in c t io n patterns*
The g ra in s were d iv id ed in to two groups based on the r e la t iv e number
o f in c lu s io n s p resen t. I f the g ra in contained f iv e or more in c lu
s io n s o f any type in an area 0 .0 1 mu in diam eter i t was c a lle d dusty
quartz; o therw ise i t was c a lle d c le a r q u artz . Subsequent s t a t i s t i c a l
a n a ly s is in d ica ted th a t the e f f e c t o f grain s iz e was so grea t th a t the
d iv is io n was o f no v a lu e . A la r g e gra in was alm ost sure to have the
requ ired number o f in c lu s io n s somewhere w ith in i t s boundaries. The
sm aller the gra in the l e s s chance i t had o f co n ta in in g the required
number o f in c lu s io n s .
Grain boundaries are commonly d i f f i c u l t to d is t in g u is h because o f
w eld ing and cement, a few gra in s show secondary overgrowth and a very
few o f th ese showed rounding over th e overgrowth. Quartz pebbles and
la rg e gran u les are u su a lly com posite g r a in s . In se v e r a l o f th e se rock
fragm ents o r ig in a l rounded quartz g ra in s could be seen . More coemonly
23
the rock fragmente appear to be m etaq u artx ite w ith o r ig in a l gra in
boundaries d estroyed by su tu rin g or w elding to adjacent g r a in s . Chert
i s present in minor amounts.
I l l l t e (and other c la y m in er a ls ): The c la y s were id e n t i f i e d by
X-ray d i f f r a c t io n . Samples o f th e sh a le were crushed and ground, then
s e t t l e d from water onto g la s s s l i d e s . Three s l id e s o f d i f f e r in g
p a r t ic le s ix e s were used fo r the X-ray id e n t i f i c a t io n . The p a r t ic le
s iz e s contained on the s l id e s were determined by S to k e’s law to be:
1 - l e s s than 7 .65 0, 2 - l e s s than 8 0, and 3 - l e s s than 8 .6 5 0* The
X-ray peaks fo r i l l l t e were good. Peaks a s so c ia te d w ith k a o lin ite
were on ly f a ir to poor. From t h is i t was concluded th a t i l l i t e was the
dominant c la y m in eral.
The d i f f e r e n t ia t io n o f i l l i t e and s e r i c i t e i s d i f f i c u l t or im p o ssi
b le in th ir . s e c t io n s . In t h i s study on ly the gra in s sm aller than 0 .02
om in le n g th were c a lle d s e r i c i t e or i l l i t e , as opposed t o the la r g e r
g ra in s c a lle d b io t i t e or m u scov ite . I f the b ir e fr in g e n c e d id not
exceed f i r s t order red th ey were a r b itr a r i ly c a lle d i l l i t e . I f the
b ire fr in g en ce d id exceed f i r s t order red th ey were c a lle d s e r i c i t e .
Undoubtedly t h is method le d to m ia id e n t if ic a t io n o f one type fo r the
other in an unknown number o f c a s e s . I t can only be hoped th a t m is-
id e n t i f i c a t io n o f s e r i c i t e was balanced by the m is id e n t if ic a t io n o f
i l l i t e .
The c la y m atrix i s commonly mixed w ith varying amounts o f carbonate
(m ostly s id e r i t e ) and organic m a tter . In th e sh a le s the i l l i t e - s i d e r i t e
m ixture i s so in tim ate and f in e grained th a t i t was norm ally im p ossib le
to sep arate them and excep t in rare c a ses th ey were combined in to a
2U
s in g le c la s s .
S id e r ite : The s id e r i t e i s a prominent y e llo w ish brown, r a r e ly
c le a r y e llo w or c o lo r le s s . In the sandstones s id e r i t e coomonly occurs
as a m ic r o c r y s ta llin e m atrix form ing a very e f fe c t !Y e cement. In both
sandstones and sh a le s i t i s mixed w ith i l l i t e .
M uscovite and s e r i c i t e : M uscovite and s e r i c i t e were d if f e r e n t ia te d
on th e b a s is o f p a r t ic le s iz e . I f the m ica f la k e exceeded 0 .0 2 mm in
le n g th i t was c a lle d m uscovite; i f l e s s than 0 .0 2 mm in len g th i t was
c a lle d s e r i c i t e .
C a lc it e : This m ineral i s r e la t iv e ly uncommon. I t occurs as a
cement and a very minor ve in f i l l e r . I t i s a lso found rep la c in g
fe ld sp a r and mixed w ith the c la y m atrix .
F eldspar: A ll o f th e fe ld sp a r s are very r a r e . As an a id to
id e n t ify in g some o f th e fe ld sp a r s seven teen s e le c te d th in s e c t io n s
were sta in ed w ith sodium c o b a l t in i t r i t e in the manner d escribed by
Chayes (1 9 5 2 ). This i s a method o f s e le c t iv e s ta in in g whereby the
potash fe ld sp a r s are s ta in e d a b righ t y e llo w and the o th er m in erals are
u n a ffe c te d . 3y a s l i g h t l y m odified method one each o f a l l the sandstone
th in s e c t io n rock ch ip s and th ree s i l t y sh a le ch ip s were a ls o s ta in e d .
The ch ip s were suspended, cut face down, 1 /2 in ch above liq u id HF in a
covered p la s t ic d ish fo r one m inute. A fter rem oval, and w ithout washing
or d ry in g , th ey were covered w ith a sa tu ra ted s o lu t io n o f sodium
c o b a l t in i t r i t e fo r 15 m inutes. The ch ip s were then p laced in a co n ta in
er o f s low ly flo w in g w ater fo r w ashing. A ll but f iv e o f the sandstone
samples were returned from th in s e c t io n in g w ith two ch ip s showing a f l a t
cu t fa c e . T his second group o f ch ip s was a ls o s ta in ed by a somewhat
25
d if f e r e n t method. Liquid HF was placed on th e cu t face and allow ed to
stand fo r one m inute. The fa ce was then corered w ith th e same s ta in
d escrib ed above w ithout washing the rem aining HF from th e su r fa c e . The
s ta in was allow ed to stand fo r 15 m inutes and then the ch ip was washed
as d escr ib ed above. S evera l c o n tr o l samples (known to con ta in potash
fe ld sp a r ) were ca rr ied through the com plete s ta in in g p rocess a long w ith
th e sandstone c h ip s . These co n tro l samples showed th a t th e s ta in in g
tech n iq u e performed s a t i s f a c t o r i ly and c o n s is t e n t ly . The s ta in showed
th a t potash fe ld sp a r i s p resen t in on ly very minor tr a c e s .
The o r th o c la se i s alm ost com p letely a lte r e d to s e r i c i t e , k a o lin ,
or c a l c i t e . M icroclin e i s the r a r e s t o f the fe ld sp a r s and i s th e l e a s t
a lte r e d . F la g io c la se appears to be so d ic and i s commonly being rep laced
by s e r i c i t e , k a o lin , or c a l c i t e .
Rnr.k fraflmont.a• Rock fragm ents are r a r e . Most o f the fragm ents
are e i t h e r m etaq u artzite or o r th o q u a r tx ite . Shale fragm ents occur in
the sandstones and conglom erates. They are u su a lly angular and are
found near the base o f the sandstone or conglom erate u n it where i t r e s t s
on a sh a le bed. The fragm ents id e n t i f ie d as m icaceous are probably very
sm all sh a le fragm ents.
P y r lte : T his m ineral occurs as m ic r o c r y s ta llin e m asses in the
s h a le s , p o ss ib ly r ep la c in g both c la y s and carb on ates. I t a ls o occurs
in v e in s and co a tin g J o in t su r fa c e s in both th e sandstones and s h a le s .
Other a ccesso ry and heavy m in er a ls : Five sam ples, four sandstones
and one conglom erate, were crushed and a l l gra in s p a ssin g an 30 mesh
screen were broken in to heavy and l ig h t m ineral fr a c t io n s by standard
bromoform sep aration as d escr ib ed by M ilner (1 9 6 2 ). The heavy m ineral
26
con cen tra te was not clean ed w ith a c id . Part o f each heavy m ineral
con cen trate was mounted on a s l id e in Canada balsam and the rem aining
gra in s *ere kept fo r study in variou s in d ex l iq u id s . T his heavy m ineral
study was in tended on ly to supplement the th in s e c t io n study by id e n t i -
fy in g same o f the more e lu s iv e g r a in s .
A ccessory or heavy m in era ls occurring in s u f f ic ie n t number to be
picked up in th e p oin t count are leu co x en e , z ir c o n , l im o n lte , m agnetite
(or m a g n e tite - ilm e n ite ) , b i o t i t e , r u t i l e , and g a rn et, in order o f
d ecreasin g abundance.
M inerals id e n t i f i e d in the th in s e c t io n s or heavy m ineral concen
t r a te s but not picked up in the p o in t count are tou rm alin e, a p a t it e ,
co llop h an e ( ? ) , d a h l l i t e ( ? ) , h em a tite , h a l lo y s i t e ( ? ) , chalcedony,
sphene ( ? ) , to p a z , and s t a u r o l i t e , in approximate order o f d ecrea sin g
abundance.
The m ineral com position o f each rocic type and th e t o t a l core i s
g iv en in Appendix B. The com position o f each th in s e c t io n i s g iven in
Appendix A.
GRAIN SIZS AND SORTING
M egascopic exam ination o f th e core r e s u lte d in two major s tr u c
tu r a l c la s s e s , m assive and bedded, w ith se v e r a l s u b c la s se s , which have
been d escr ib ed p r e v io u s ly . These c la s s e s undoubtedly r e f l e c t th e e f f e c t
o f gra in s i z e and s o r t in g .
The m egascopic d iv is io n s based on gra in s iz e and s o r t in g , a lso
d iscu ssed p r e v io u s ly , are o f course very broad in scop e, the g en era l
c la s s e s being conglom erate, pebbly sands, sands, and s h a le s . The more
27
su b tle d i s t in c t io n s o f c la s s e s and in te r n a l d if fe r e n c e s w ith in the
c la s s e s must be determ ined by a much more s e n s i t iv e s iz e a n a ly s is than
can be a fford ed by a m egascopic exam ination . The rock s, both sh a le and
sand ston e, were too much indurated to a llo w d isa g g reg a tio n o f the
g ra in s fo r a m echanical a n a ly s is .
The s o lu t io n was to measure the g ra in s w ith the m icroscope and
then compute average g ra in s iz e and v a r ia n ces from th e se measurements.
A g rea t d ea l o f work has been, and i s being done in an e f f o r t to over
came the problems o f s iz e a n a ly se s and to make p o ss ib le th e comparison
o f m echanical a n a ly s is and d ir e c t measurement o f both lo o s e gra in s and
g ra in s In th in s e c t io n . No attem pt i s made in t h i s study to equate th in
s e c t io n s iz e a n a ly s is w ith a m echanical a n a ly s is .
The s iz e a n a ly s is i s based on the measurement o f tne apparent long
axes o f quartz g r a in s . The m atrix has not been in clu d ed in the a n a ly s is
s in ce the p a r t ic le s were to o sm all to ioeasure.
The apparent lon g axes o f th e quartz gra in s were measured w ith the
graduated o cu la r in the m icroscope and th e se measurements were converted
to 0 . The purpose o f con vertin g th e measurements to 0 was to norm alize
the gra in s iz e d is t r ib u t io n , thereby s im p lify in g s t a t i s t i c a l a n a ly se s .
The g ra in s to be measured must be randomly s e le c te d fo r an a n a ly s is .
T his random s e le c t io n was accom plished by d iv id in g the s l id e in to coord i
n a tes and then s e le c t in g the coord in ates a t random by means o f a random
number ta b le .
The number o f g ra in s to be measured per s l id e was determ ined by
p lo t t in g th e average g ra in s i s e in 0 a g a in st the number o f g ra in s
measured fo r a s e r ie s o f g ra in s in randomly s e le c te d s l i d e s . An example
28
o f the graph used i s shown in f ig u re 5- nfhen the mean g ra in s i s e
s t a b i l i z e d , i . e . , no lo n g er showed a wide f lu c tu a t io n when a d d itio n a l
g ra in s were measured, the number measured was considered adequate. In
th e example shown the average gra in s iz e shows l i t t l e v a r ia t io n a f te r
16 gra in s had been measured. This was t y p ic a l o f th e t r i a l measure
m ents. A fter a comparison o f th e ch arts i t appeared th a t 18 gra in s
would be s u f f i c ie n t to g iv e a r e l ia b le e s tim a te o f th e average gra in
s iz e o f any p a r t ic u la r s l id e ; however, two a d d itio n a l g ra in s were
measured in each s l id e aa a sa fe ty fa c to r , b rin gin g the t o t a l number to
20 gra in s measured in each s l i d e . From th e se data average gra in s iz e
and variance were computed fo r each th in s e c t io n , each rock ty p e , and
th e t o t a l co re . A ll o f th ese data fo r th in s e c t io n s are ta b u la ted in
Appendix A, and fo r rock typ es and the core t o t a l s in Appendix B.
Ave
rage
A
ppar
ent
Long
A
xis
in
■Qi
3 .5
3 . A
3 .3
3 .2
3 .1
3 .0
2 .9
2.8
2 .7
2. 6
Thin S ec tio n 04/12
X X a. x X - 1 . I X X IJ _J__9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 201 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Munbor o f Grains Measured
Figure 5. Example of graphs used to de te ruane the number o f g r a in s which should be measured i n each t h i n s e c t i o n .
(OvO
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
MINERAL COMPOSITION
The o b je c t iv e s o f th e a n a ly ses were t o determ ine whether or not
th e rock ty p e s , based on M egascopic o b se rv a tio n , are t r u ly d if f e r e n t
and i f s o , how th ey d i f f e r . The d ata and a n a ly ses can then be in t e r
preted in term s o f provenance and environment o f d e p o s it io n . A ll d i f
feren ces and in te r p r e ta t io n s have been based on th e l e v e l o f
c o n fid e n c e .
The f i r s t o b je c t iv e was to determ ine whether or not the rock ty p es
d i f f e r in m ineral com p osition . To t h i s end se v e ra l standard c h i-
square t e s t s were used.
A p relim in ary r x c contingency ta b le was com piled o f a l l 103
th in s e c t io n s and th e fo llo w in g seven c la s s e s : c le a r q u artz , d u sty
q u a rtz , s id e r i t e , i l l i t e , i l l i t e - s i d e r i t e , a l l o th ers w ith a s p e c i f i c
g r a v ity g r ea ter than 2 .3 (heavy m in e r a ls ) , and a l l o th ers w ith a s p e c i
f i c g r a v ity o f 2 .3 or l e s s ( l ig h t m in e r a ls ) . The s i z e o f t h is ta b le
(721 c e l l s ) makes i t s reproduction p r o h ib it iv e and i t s prelim inary
ch a ra cter fu r th er makes i t s rep rod u ction unn ecessary . C hi-square t e s t s
from th e ta b le in d ica te d th a t th ere was a d iffe r e n c e between rock ty p es
but th ese d if fe r e n c e s were la r g e ly masked by com p letely random v a r ia
t io n s and in te r a c t io n s o f s e v e r a l o f th e c la s s e s . An exam ination o f
30
31
th e data contained in t n i s ta b le and th e data con ta in ed in t e s t s o f
a s s o c ia t io n (d isc u sse d la t e r ) in d ic a te d th a t c le a r quartz i s g e n e r a lly
found in sm all g ra in s and du sty quartz in la rg e g r a in s . In view o f
t h i s th e two c la s s e s were combined fo r fu tu re t e s t s s in c e the d i f f e r
en ces in quartz ty p es between rocks would amount to d if fe r e n c e s on ly in
gra in s iz e which can b e s t be t e s t e d d ir e c t ly . A fu rth er exam ination of
the in d iv id u a l c e l l s and the rock typ e groups, sand ston es and s h a le s ,
in d ic a te d th a t th e th ree c la s s e s , i l l i t e , s id e r i t e , and i l l i t e -
s id e r i t e should be combined in to one c la s s . S ince i t had been p o s s i
b le to d i f f e r e n t ia t e i l l i t e and s id e r i t e on ly in the coarse grained
rock s, w h ile in most o f th e sh a le s th e i l l i t e and s id e r i t e had been
lumped in to a s in g le c la s s , abnorm ally high ch i-sq u are va lu es r e su lte d
by confounding th e m ineral c la s s e s . The s o lu t io n to the e lim in a t io n o f
th e se extran eou s ch i-sq u a re va lu es was to combine a l l th e i l l i t e and
s id e r i t e in to one c la s s for a l l r x c ta b le s in v o lv in g botr. tne sh a le s
and san d ston es.
Some o f th e sources o f v a r ia t io n not due s t r i c t l y to true d i f f e r
en ces in m in eral com position were e lim in a ted by combining th e se c la s s e s
and i t was p o ss ib le to s e t up a much sim p ler ch i-sq u are t e s t to
determ ine whether or not d if fe r e n c e s e x is te d between rock ty p e s , and
whether or not th e se d if fe r e n c e s were o f such a type or magnitude th a t
th ey cou ld be d etec ted w ith reasonab le r e l i a b i l i t y . The t o ta l r x c
ta b le was made up o f 103 th in s e c t io n s and fou r c la s s e s : a l l q u artz,
a l l i l l i t e and s id e r i t e , a l l rem aining l i g h t m in era ls , and a l l remain
in g heavy m in era ls . This ta b le was con sid ered to be to o la rg e and not
n ecessa ry to in c lu d e in i t s e n t ir e t y . Table I i s an r x c contingency
Table I. R x C Contingency Table o f All 11 Rock Types Based on Four Compositional Classes
X Rock NType
C la s s ^ v
Rock Type 01 Massive Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 02 Bedded Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 03 Pebbly Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 04 Massive Gray
Sandstone
Clearand
DustyQuartz
0* - 1 ,9 6 3 .0 0B** - 1 .3 0 2 .5 3
(O-B) - 665.47 2
(W S) _ 339.992415S
0 - 159.00 E * 108.54
(O-E) « 50.46 2
(0=£) - 23.458740 &
0 - 362.00 E « 217.08
(O-E) - 144.92 2
- 96.746851
0 - 1 ,3 7 6 .0 0 E * 922.62
(0 -8 ) - 453.38
(O-E)2^ - 222.793159
I l l i t e -S ld e r ite
(A U )
0 - 219.00 £ « 812.27
(O-E) - -593 .27
(< h $ - 433.315637a
0 *= 17 .00 E * 67.69
(O-S) » -5 0 .6 9
( ^ I ) 2 - 37.959464 E
0 - 18 .00 E - I t f .
(O-E) - -117 .33
(£ l£ ) . 101.773263 £
0 - 181.00 E -
(O-E) - -394 .36
(O il) - 270.300002E
Others(H eavies)
0 - 43 .00 £ « 108.58
(O-E) * -65 .53(O^g)2 - 39.608919
E
0 - 13.00 E - > 0 ?
(O-E) - 3 .95(O il)2 *= 1.724033
E
0 - 3.00E - 18 .10
(O-E) * -1 5 .1 0A« 12.667222
E
0 « 44.00 E - 76.91
(O-E) * -3 2 .9 1
(<h£) - 14.082279 £
Others(L ig h ts)
0 - 170.00 E - 176.62
(C-E) " —6.62( 0 ^ . 0.248128
E
0 - 11.00 E - I4.72
(O-E) - -3 .7 2
- 0.940109£
0 - 17 .00 E - 29.44
(O-E) * -12 .44<°=I)2 - 5.256576
£
0 - 99.00E - 125.11
(O-E) - -2 6 .1 1(<h£)2 - 5.449062
E
Total 0 - 2 ,400 0 - 200 0 - 400 0 - 1,700
"Observed value""Expected value
Table I, (Continued) H x C Contingency Table of *11 11 Rock Type* Bated on Four Compositional Classes
" S . Rock\ ^ e
C last
Rock Type 05 Bedded Gray
Sandstone
Rock Type 06 Pebbly Gray
Sandstone
Bock Type 07
Conglomerate
Rock Type 08
Massive Shale
Clearand
DustyQuartz
0* - 5^3.00 B** - 542.72
(0-B)2 - 40.28
(£=p) - 2.989531
0 - 131.00 E - 108.54
(O-E) - 22 .46
(2=1) * 4.647610 E
0 - 193.00E - 108.54
(O-E) - 84 .46 2(0=B) . 65.722237
S
0 - 26 .00E - 108.54
(O-E) * -8 2 .5 4 2(<k£) « 62.768119
S
I l l i t e - S id e r ite
(A ll)
0 - 191.00* - 2 3 M ?
(O-E) - -147 .45(O-E)2 ■ 64.238447
E
0 - 59.00 E - 67. 6?
(O-E) - -8 .6 9(O-E)2 . 1.11'>617
E
0 - 1.00 E - 67.6?
(O-E) “ -66.69( o ^ ) 2 « 65.704773
E
0 - 154.00 S - 67.69
(O-E) - 86.31(O-E)2 . 110.051944
E
Others(H eavies)
0 * 77 .00■ , “ 4fcSa%
(O-E) - 31.76
- 22.296587
0 - 5.00 E - 9 .05
(O-E) “ -4 .0 5(OgB) . 1.812431
£
0 - 0 .00 E - 9 .05
(O-E) - - 9.05(2=B) - 9.050000
£
0 - 6 .0 0 E - 9 .05
(0-E )2 - -3 .0 5
( ^ ) - 1.027901a
Others(L ig h ts)
0 - 149.00b - 73-??
(0 -1 ) - 75. a
(O^B) - 77.275012 E
0 - 5.00 E - I4.72
(O-E) - -9 .7 2
(Q=B)2 - 6.418370 £
0 - 6.001 - 14.72
(O-E) - -8 .7 2(OhE)2 . 5.165652
E
0 - 14.00E - I4.72
(0-E )2 - - .7 2
(fl=S) . 0 .035217 E
T otal 1 ,000 200 200 200
♦Observed value■♦♦Expected value
Table I. (Continued) E x C Contingency Table of All 11 Rock Type* Based on Four Compositional Classes
N. Rock Type
C lass n .
Rock Type 09 D isturbed Structure
Shale
: ....................... ■' r -| Rock Type 10 [ Rock Type 11
Graded Bedding Mixed Disturbed Strue- = h »i, 1 ture and Graded Bedding ^ ! Shale
T otal
C learand
DustyQuartz
0* - 265.00 *** “
(0-B) - -3 3 1 .9 9(O-E)2 - 184.621736
E
0 - 199.00E - 596.99
(O-E) - -3 9 7 .9 9(O-E)2 - 265.324444
E
0 - 328.00 E - 976.91
(O-E) - - 6 4 8 .9 1(O-E)2 - 431.036828
E
c - 5 ,590 .00
(O-E)2 - 1 ,700.101720 E
I l l i t e -S id e r ite
(A ll)
0 - 657.00 E - 372.2?
(O-E) - 284.71
« 217.732907£
0 - 792.00 E - 372.29
(O-E) - 4 1 9 .7 1
- 473.170066£
u -1 ,1 9 7 .0 0E - 609.20
(o-E) - 537.80 2(2=®) - 567.151739
£
0 « 3 ,4 8 6 .0 0
(<h£)2 - 2 ,342.513860 £
Others(H eavies)
0 - 100 .00 E - 49 .7 7
(O-E) - 50.23(<h®) - 50.694252
B
0 - 47.00 s - 4 9 .7 7
(0-E )2 - -2 .7 7(& £ ) - 0.154167
0 - 128.00 e - 31.43
(0 -E )o - 46 .57(0=®)" « 26.633488
a
0 - 466.00
2(<hg; - 179.751279
E
Others( l ig h t s )
0 - 78.00 E - 80 .?5
(O-E) - -2 .9 5
( ^ ) 2 - 0.107505 E
0 - 62.00S - 30.95
(O-E) - -13.95(O-E)2 « 4.436103
E
0 - 147.00 E - 132.46
(O-E) = 14 .54
(O-E)2 - 1.596041 E
0 * 758.00
(O-E)2 - 106.927775 E
T otal 1 , 100 .00
...... .................... ................i
1 , 10 0 .0 0 1,800 .00 0 - 10,300.00- 4 ,329.294634
•Observed value♦•Expected value
35
ta b le fo r th e U rock ty p e s presented fo r comparison o f the ch i-sq u are
v a lu es o f the rock ty p es and c la s s e s w ith in rock types* Only the t o t a l
ch i-sq u are v a lu es fo r each c la s s and fo r the t o t a l ta b le are g iv en in
ta b le I I , which a ls o co n ta in s the ch i-sq u are v a lu es fo r rock typ es and
fo r th in s e c t io n s w ith in rock ty p e s , p lus an F t e s t o f ch i-sq u are o f
rocK typ es v s . ch i-sq u are o f th in s e c t io n s w ith in rock ty p e s .
A comparison o f the c a lc u la te d ch i-sq u are v a lu es w ith ta b u la ted
ch i-sq u are v a lu es a t the 95% con fid en ce l e v e l shows th a t , a t t h i s l e v e l
o f co n fid en c e , th ere are s ig n i f ic a n t d if fe r e n c e s between th in s e c t io n s
2 2 w ith in the core ( X ^ ) , between rock ty p es and th in s e c t io n s
w ith in rock ty p es C X g ^ j ) . The F t e s t shows th a t a t the 95^ c o n f i-2 2
dence l e v e l i® s ig n i f ic a n t ly g r e a te r than X 5^1 ; th ere fo re th ere
are d if fe r e n c e s in com position between rock ty p es which can be d e tec ted
by the methods used in t h i s study.
These t e s t s e s ta b lish e d th e fa c t th a t th e rock typ es cou ld be d is
tin g u ish e d on the b a s is o f com p osition . The next s te p was to determ ine
whether or not the major p o rtio n o f th ese d i f f e r e n c e s was a r is in g from
the d if f e r e n c e s between th e sandstones and sh a le s as th e c e l l va lu es in
Table I seem to in d ic a te . For t h i s t e s t (shown in ta b le I I I ) the same
com p osition a l c la s s e s were used as in the prev iou s t e s t . The r e s u lt in g
ch i-sq u are va lu es fo r rock ty p e s , fo r groups (sandstone and s h a le ) , and
fo r rock ty p es w ith in groups are *11 s ig n i f ic a n t a t the 95^ l e v e l but
th e F t e s t shows th a t a t the 9 5 con fid en ce l e v e l th e d if fe r e n c e s
between groups are s ig n i f ic a n t ly g r ea te r than the d if fe r e n c e s w ith in
groups. T his shows th a t the sand ston es are d i f f e r e n t in com position
from the s h a le s . I t a ls o in d ic a te s th a t th e d i f f e r e n t ia t io n o f the
36
Table 11 . Chi~Square Values and F T est o f A ll 11 Rock Types Based on Four C om positional C la sses
NSSource o f \ V a r i a -
C la ss \
X 2
T otal ( X 2 )
X 2 Rock
( X * , )
X .2 Thin Section/H ock
TyP® ^ S/RT " X T RT
C learand
D ustj 1 ,798 .311934 1 ,700 .101720 98.210214Quartz
I l l i t e -S id e r ite 2 ,597 .899483 2 ,342 .513860 255.385623
Others(H ea e ies) 450.374159 179.751279 270.622380
Others(L ig h ts ) 255.938695 106.927775 149.010920
2* X S'S i
X s/RT "T o ta l 5 ,102 .524271 4 ,329 .294634 773.229637
tf/306 d egrees o f freedom
d/30 d egrees o f freedom
V/276 degrees o f freedom
*C alcu la ted F
*X. ^^ RTX 2 S/RT
4 ,3 2 9 .2 9 5 /3 0773 .230/276
51.502
* „S ig n if ic a n t a t 95a l e e e l o f co n fid en ce .
37
Table I I I . Chi-Square Values and F T est o f Sandstones t s . ShalesBased on Four C om positional C lasses
Source o f V aria-
t io nC lass
X 2 - X2 b,
Beck Type
v 2 m * G
A ll Sandstonesand Conglomerate
v s . A ll S h ales
X Bock Types/Greups *
X 2 * X 2 - X 2 bt/ g t ^ g
C learand
DustyQuarts
1 ,700 .101720 -1 ,5 8 2 .0 9 8 2 8 5 118.003435
I l l i t e - S id e r ite 2 ,342 .513860 2 ,257 .360542 35.153313
O thers(H eavies) 179.751279 73.553575 106.198204
Others( U g h t s ) 106.927775 0.357549 106.570226
-v 2*A ,p ■* X 2* « ^ 2* «^ RT/G
T ota l 4 ,329 .2 9 4 6 3 4 3 ,913 .369451 415.925133W/30 d egrees
o f freedomW/3 d egrees
o f freedomW/27 degrees
o f freedom
C alcu lated F#X 2 BT/G
, L Z V -M /} U 5 .9 2 5 /2 7 - 84 .677
S ig n if ic a n t a t 95it l e v e l o f co n fid en ce .
38
bedded sandstones and d istu rb ed stru c tu re s h a le s , based on bedding
th ic k n e s s , as d iscu ssed e a r l ie r , was o p e r a tio n a lly and s t a t i s t i c a l l y
s a t is fa c t o r y , fo r otherw ise the d if fe r e n c e s w ith in groups might have
been equal to or g rea ter than the d if fe r e n c e s between groups.
The d iv is io n o f the sandstones in to two groups based on co lo r
im p lied a d if fe r e n c e in com ;position. Examination o f th in s e c t io n data
in d ica ted th a t i f a d if fe r e n c e in com position e x is te d i t should be
e ith e r in the percentage o f s id e r i t e , th e percentage o f i l l i t e , or a
com bination o f both m inerals contained in the two groups, s in ce the
brown sandstones seemed to be r e la t iv e ly nigh in s id e r i t e and the gray
sandstones r e la t iv e ly high in i l l i t e . Examination o f the th in s e c t io n s
and sandstone rock typ es a lso in d ic a te d th a t whether or not the d i f
fe r en c es between the two groups were due to i l l i t e or s id e r i t e content
the type c a lle d pebbly gray sandstone a c tu a lly belonged in the brown
sandstone group s in ce i t had the h ig h e st percentage o f s id e r i t e o f a l l
th e rock typ es and a very low percentage o f i l l i t e . Table IV i s an
r x c contingency ta b le o f the sandstone rock ty p es (e x c lu s iv e o f
conglom erate). An exam ination o f t h is t a b le , which i s based on s id e r
i t e con ten t v s . a l l o th e r s , shows th a t the m assive gray and bedded
gray sandstones are r e la t iv e ly low in s id e r i t e co n ten t. This in d i
c a te s th a t the group con ta in in g rock typ es 01 , 02 , 03 , and 06 may be
d is t in g u ish e d from the group co n ta in in g rock ty p es 04 and 05 . Table V
co n ta in s the ch i-sq u are va lu es and F t e s t fo r th e sandstones based on
s id e r i t e v s . a l l o th e r s . The ch i-sq u are v a lu es fo r t o t a l rock ty p e s ,
groups, and rock typ es w ith in groups a l l in d ic a te th a t s ig n i f ic a n t
d iffe r e n c e s e x is t ; however, the F t e s t in d ic a te s th a t th e d iffe r e n c e s
between the brown and gray sandstone groups are no g r e a te r than the
Table IV. R x C Contingency Table of the Sandstones Basedon Siderite vs. All Others
X \ Rock \ r y p e
C lass
Rock Type 01 Massive Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 02 Bedded Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 03 ffebbly Brown
Sandstone
Rock Type 04 Massive Gray
Sandstone
S id e r ite
0* * 171.00 E** - 111.71
(O-E) = 5 ^ 2 9
T ~ ) 2 * 27.622338
0 - 12.00 E = 9 .56
(O-E) = 2 .4 4
» 0.622762
0E
(O-E; - (O-E)2
E
16.0019.12-3 .1 2
0.509121
0 *= 10.00E - 31.25
(O-E) “ -7 1 .2 5
(^ }2 - 62.480759
A llOthers
0 - 2 ,2 2 9 .0 0 E = 2 .285 .29
(O-E) - -5 6 .2 9
(^ 2 - 1.336501
0 - 138.00 E - 190.44
(O-E) - -2 .4 4((M£)2 ^ c .031262
0E
(O-E) =(O ^ )2 _
E
33A.OU380.88
3.12
0.025558
0 -1 ,6 9 0 .0 0 E - L 618.75
(O-E) - 71-25( ih § )2 - 3-136100
£
T etal 2 ,400 200 400 1,700
•Observed value. ••E xpected value.
Table IV. (Continued) R x C Contingency Table of the Sandstones Basedon Siderite vs. All Others
\ Rock \T y p e
C lass v
Rock Type 05 Bedded Grey
Sandstone
Rock Type 06 jFtebbly Gray
SandstoneTotal
S id e r ite
0* - 21 .00 B** - 47.80
(O-E) » -2 6 .3 0
= 15.0259UE
0 - 52.00 a - ? .j6
(O-E; = 42 .44
(£ t§ )2 - 183.405188 E
0
(O-E)2E
m 232
« 294.666168
A llOthers
0 - 979.00 E - 952.20
(O-E) = 26.80
- 0.754295E
0 - 143.00 E = 190.44
(O-E) = -4 2 .4 4
(O-E)2 3 9.457853 E
0
(O-E)2E
- 5,618
14.791573
Total 1 ,000 200
0(O-E)2
Vj
- 5 ,900
- 309.457742
•Observed value.♦•Expected value.
41
Table V. Chi-Square Values and F T est o f the Sandstones Based onS id e r ite v s . A ll Others
Source o f Varia-
t io nC lass N .
X ? - X 2 by
Rock Type
X q " Groups 0 1 , 02 , 03 , & 06
v s . 04 & 05
X 2 Rock Types/Groups m
V 2 B V 2 y 2^ T ^ G
S id e r ite 294.666169 137.35257B 157.313591
A llOthers 14.791573 6.894515 7 . 89705a
x 2* .T -v 2* _ ^ G ^ RT/G “
T otal 309.457742 144.247093 165.210649W/5 d egrees o f freedom
t f / l degree e f freedom
W/4 d egrees o f freedom
C alcu lated FX ^A G
V 2^ R T /0
J A b -a w A165. 211/43.492
• S ig n if ic a n t a t 955t l e v e l o f con fid en ce
U2
d if fe r e n c e s w ith in the groups. Therefore the two groups cannot be
d if f e r e n t ia te d on the b a s is o f s id e r i t e co n ten t w ith the methods
employed in t h i s study.
The p o s s ib i l i t y th a t the brown and gray sandstone groups could be
d if f e r e n t ia te d on the b a s is o f i l l i t e con ten t was th e su b jec t o f the
next t e s t . Table VI i s an r x c contingency ta b le o f the sandstones
based on i l l i t e v s . a l l o th e r s . As in th e prev iou s t e s t th e conglom
e r a te i s excluded s in c e i t i s con sid ered to be a rock type o f s u f f i
c ie n t d is t in c t io n th a t i t can be d i f f e r e n t ia te d w ith ou t r e so r tin g to
d if fe r e n c e s in com p osition . A comparison o f the observed and exp ected
va lu es o f i l l i t e shown in t h i s ta b le in d ic a te s th a t ty p es 01 , 02 , 03 ,
and 06 should be p laced in one group, and the m assive gray sandstones
(04) and bedded gray sand ston es (0 5 ) , which are high in i l l i t e , should
be p laced in another. Table VII co n ta in s the ch i-sq u a re va lu es and
F t e s t fo r the sand ston es based on i l l i t e v s . a l l o th e r s . As in the
t e s t fo r s id e r i t e the va lu es are s ig n i f ic a n t fo r t o t a l rock ty p e s ,
groups, and rock ty p es w ith in groups in d ic a t in g th a t s ig n i f ic a n t d i f
fe re n ce s e x i s t a t a l l th ree l e v e l s . The F t e s t in d ic a te s , however,
th a t th e d if fe r e n c e s between groups are s ig n i f ic a n t ly g rea ter than the
d if fe r e n c e s w ith in groups, th er e fo r e the two groups can be d i s
tin g u ish ed on the b a s is o f i l l i t e co n ten t.
Apparently the co lo r o f th e brown sandstones i s due to the presence
o f th e s id e r i t e , but where i l l i t e i s p resen t in s u f f i c ie n t q u a n tity , as
i t i s in the gray san d ston es, the brown c o lo r i s masked by the c la y .
The pebbly gray sand ston e, which has been shown above to belong in the
brown sandstone group, was in c o r r e c t ly c la s s i f i e d a t the m egascopic
l e v e l because the s id e r i t e was e ith e r e x c e p t io n a lly dark or was presen t
Table VI. R x C Contingency Table of the Sandstones Based onIllite vs. All Others
'V Rock\T y p e Rock Type 01 Rock Type 02 Rock Type 03 Rock Type 01
Massive Brown Bedded Brown Pebbly Brown Massive GrayC lass N. Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone Sandstone
I l l i t e
0* « 18 .00 0 5 .00 0 2 .00 0*** - 161._33 £ 13.66 E 2 1 & £
( o - s ) - -115 .93 (0 -£ ) - —8.6 6 (0-E ) - -2 5 .3 2 (0-E)(0-B )2.
E81.981779 (0-E )2 ,
s5.190161 (O-E)2 .
£ 23.166113 (0 3 )£
- 171.00 * U 6 .1 2- 51.38
- 25.937086
A llOthers
0 - 2, 352.00£ - 2 .2 3 6 .0 7
(0 - f i ) - 115.93 (0-B)2 - 6.010110
0a “
(0-E) - (0 -E )2 «
195.00I86.34
8 .6 60.102166
0E
(0-E) - (0-B )2 “
398.00372.68
25.321.720219
0 - 1 ,5 2 9 .0 0 £ - 1 .5 8 3 .8 8
( 0 - S ) - -5 1 .8 8(0-E)2 - 1.901512
T otal 2 ,100 200 100 1,700
♦Observed va lu e . ♦♦Expected va lu e .
Table VI. (Continued) R x C Contingency Table of the Sandstones Basedon Illite vs. All Others
RockType
C lass
Rock Type 05 Bedded Grey
Sandstone
Rock Type 06 Pebbly Gray
SandsteneTotal
I l l i t e
O* ■B»* ■
(0-B ) « (0-B )2.
£
170.0066 .31
101.69
151.361292
0£
(0-B)(0 -E )2
E
7.0 012s66. - 6.66
3.247116
403
(£ = ^ 2 - 291.506647
0 » 630.00 0 - 193 .00 0 = 5,497a h E * 931.69 K ■ 166.34
Others (0—E) ™ -101 .69 (0-B) ™ 6 .6 6
(o-S )2 - 11.099031 (OzE)2 * 0.236036 ( 0-E )2 , 21.371764B E £
0 - 5,9002T otal 1 ,000 200 - 312.878611
♦Observed value.♦■Expected value.
45
Table V II. Chi-Square V alues and F T est o f th e Sandstones Baaedon I l l i t e t s . A ll O thers
I l l i t e 291.506847 245.108958 46.397389
A llO th ers 21.371764 17.969542 3.402222
x f - X 2* - ^ 2* .* * RT/G
T ota l 312.878611 263.078500 49.800111W/5 d eg rees o f fr e ed an
W/l degree o f freedaet
tf/4 d egrees o f freed a s
C alcu la ted F* - X G 7 7 2 .........^ RT/G
263 .079 /149 .3 0 0 /4
- 21.131
S i g n i f i c a n t a t 95)£ l e v e l o f co n fid en ce .
kf>
in a s u f f i c ie n t co n cen tra tio n th a t the brown c o lo r was to o dark to
recogn ize the brown tone and the rock wae erron eou sly c la sse d as very
dark gray.
A f in a l ch i-sq u are t e s t appeared d e s ir a b le when a comparison o f
average quartz gra in s iz e and i l l i t e con ten t was made. I t was su s
pected th a t quartz gra in s iz e and i l l i t e co n ten t might be r e la te d .
Table V III I s a 2 x 2 ch i-sq u are t e s t fo r a s s o c ia t io n o f quartz gra in
s iz e w ith i l l i t e c o n ten t. A c o e f f ic ie n t o f a s s o c ia t io n value i s rep re
sented by a*
The ch i-sq u are value in d ic a te s th a t th ere i s a s ig n i f ic a n t r e la
t io n s h ip between average quartz g ra in s iz e and i l l i t e co n ten t. An
exam ination o f the in d iv id u a l c e l l s shows th a t as average quartz gra in
s iz e in c r e a s e s i l l i t e co n ten t d ec r e a se s . The c o e f f ic ie n t o f a s s o c ia
t io n shown by the 4 value i s 0 .3 5 , in d ic a t in g th a t the a s s o c ia t io n o f
in c r e a s in g g ra in s iz e w ith d ecreasin g i l l i t e con ten t i s a r e la t iv e ly
stron g one. I f t h i s i s th e case then th e d if fe r e n c e between the brown
and gray sandstone groups may be la r g e ly due to gra in s iz e w ith a
r e s u lt in g change in com p osition , o r , more s p e c i f i c a l l y , the d if f e r e n c e s
may be due to changes in th e energy system a t or near th e s i t e o f
d e p o s it io n .
T ests fo r the a s s o c ia t io n o f i l l i t e and g ra in s o r t in g , s o r t in g and
average g ra in s i z e , and quartz and i l l i t e co n ten t, su p p lied no new
in form ation concern ing th e sandstones or sh a le s and th e r e s u lt s o f t h i s
t e s t in g are not in c lu d e d .
In summary, ch i-sq u a re t e s t s in d ic a te th a t the rock ty p es and
groups can be d is t in g u ish e d on the b a s is o f d if fe r e n c e s in com position
47
Table V III. 2 x 2 Chi-Square and Q Teat o f A sso c ia tio n o f Quartz Grain S iz e and I l l i t e Content
C ategories 0 - 4* I l l i t e 4 - 26* I l l i t e T ota l
0 .7 3 to 2 .4 0 ?
0E
(0-B )(0 -B )2
B
- 23-- 8 .3
" 4 .686
II
I
1
o-
sa
-6
A k i- 8 .3
4 .8 1 7
29
2 .4 b to 4 .3 3 2
0£
(0-E )(£d5)2
E
- 7-- - 3 .3
- 4 .503
0£
(0-E ) -(£ “E)2 «
E
23U u J
8 .3
4 .6 8 6
30
T ota l 30 29 59
X 2 - T ota l(0 -E )2
g - 18.692
W/l degree o f freedom and i s s ig n i f ic a n t a t th e 95% con fid en ce l e v e l .
Q - 7 . W W . - o .8529 (2 3 )(2 3 ) + ( 6 ) ( 7 )
C onclusion: As mean g ra in s iz e d e cr e a se s i l l i t e co n ten t in c r e a se s The Q valu e in d ic a te s th a t t h is a s s o c ia t io n i s a r e la t iv e ly stro n g on s.
43
and th a t the o r ig in a l ty p es determ ined by m egascopic d if fe r e n c e s are
v a lid w ith the ex cep tio n o f the type c a lle d "pebbly gray sandstone."
This type was found to belong to the brown sandstone group. The d i f
fe ren ces in m ineral com position o f the brown sandstones and gray sand
sto n es were found to be d ir e c t ly r e la te d to average quartz g ra in s iz e ;
th erefo re th e se two groups can probably be d if f e r e n t ia te d on th e b a sis
o f grain s iz e a lo n e .
GRAIN SI4K, SORTING *ND STRUCTURE
Many s t a t i s t i c i a n s f e e l th a t b efore an a n a ly s is o f v a r ia n ce , which
d e te c ts d if fe r e n c e s in mean s i z e , can be s a t i s f a c t o r i ly performed i t
i s n ecessary th a t the p op u la tion s be norm ally d is tr ib u te d and th a t
th e varian ces o f th e p op u lation s be homogeneous. In t h i s study the
gra in s iz e d is t r ib u t io n , based on measurements o f the apparent lon g
a x e s , has been norm alized by co n v ertin g the measurements from m i l l i
m eters to 0 where 0 3 -lo g ^ ran (krumbein and f^ tt iJ o h n , 1 9 3 8 ). That
the v a r ia n ces o f gra in s iz e s o f sedim entary u n its are homogeneous i s
c e r ta in ly open to doubt. A B a r t l e t t ' s t e s t fo r homogeneity o f variance
(O stle , 1958) should be and was made in t h i s c a se .
Table IX i s a B a r t le t t ' s t e s t made on th e e n t ir e co re . The r e s u lt s
in d ic a te th a t the var ia n ces o f the th in s e c t io n s are not homogeneous,
i . e . , varian ces are heterogeneous between th in s e c t io n s . This pre
c lu d es t e s t s by a n a ly s is o f v a r ia n ce , but the in form ation gained from
th e t e s t can be o f g rea t v a lu e .
The knowledge th a t d if fe r e n c e s in mean g ra in s iz e e x i s t between
sedim entary rock u n its i s norm ally o f no g rea ter importance than an
?“ ?"> /> ^ ^ ^ K1 A* iC ^ k /V A n k\ k k\ lk\ L_l LJ l_i LJ LJ LJ UK P B 8 8 3 8 8 £ 8 8 ' S' F' 8 ' 8 ' 8 ' S' g £ 8 S P t f S S B B S B C K P S 3 8 3 8 8 8 8 8 ' °
0 < M M » ' J O ' C » > J N U a » ff'ViWi
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( - ( ( - i H H H I - ' H ' t - ' H H H H ' H M H H I - ' H H H H M H H H H ' l - ' M H H H ' M H ' H H H H H ' H ' t - ' t - ' H '
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oMlOfOMN>IOK>NJIOWMfc>MKJIOKJM(ONJ&MMIOMjOMJOJO(OjOJOM&NjOJOJOJONJOM
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I rh t t i i i t fc; I L „ t j W U ' ^ V J ^ - f t ' ^ O - j O to -O Oft * * » * . « * * ■ # * * « • . ^ H ‘* ) v 0 H U 9 ' 0 ' \ A f t ' H V i 4 n v i V « l
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Table IX
. B
artlett's Test
of Thin
Sections W
ithin the
Entire
Core
fc* h-1 H f H O Q O Q O Q Q O Q Q h) >£ V 'C ^ \C >o
r o N H H HB) ff'ff'NJU) Vi O'-O'©,'O'-O0'0ftO''*-0ftt-'-0V*V*;a m K A A B B a a * * * & A a a A A A * o o V*> O ' t~> h-1Oft O' O- *-■ O' K> Oft
s eV«*> VH 0 ' 0 ' ^ f _ y j ’< 0 V i o n H - 4 U ) " J
t e- O O ' O '
O ' .(r- K> V n W * - VjJ VjJ *
H U H Hf - H W ' O ' - O
W M M a > H ^ ^ N ) p 0 » U V » j O ' O ' O ' ^ H ^ v i U ^ M K ) O l'K)'4) - -j -*j *g \n *-■ \jft Oft h5 so vn W ^ -J '■*> \* -O V*) O' Hu o ' O ^ U ) - j y # s s - ^ o o w f f " f p ^ H ^ ----------> Cj HCD'Jp'O'Ui . Oft O ' NJ *■- '-M O ' \Ai
W > C w
M SU i K M
KJ hJ H»-, Ht-J KJ»-'»-, K-, »-‘ HJHi h-'Mt-, HH‘ t-'KJ,t-'l-'Mt-l »--, H»- '»-HH1l-, H H ^ ) - , HH HH H' W» - '» - ' ^<) ) vO ^ ^ ^ \Q ^ n£i ^ >0 ^ >0 >0 >C >C ^ ^ sC nC >0 'O >0 'O >0 ^ >£ \£) kC) ) \£ vO sC >0 >C
y i u w l M W H . O ' l f f ' i U) M ff-
S - J ' C 8H fO i£ -Ov C H U l i C
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V* v w * V t V' IV W V W VW V«W N C ' W ' C O f ' V i X W O w i HO ' J O O ' N H H f ' H v i ^ ^ r
t-> W* « • * • « • * •
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1 0s Vjj 'Ji M i' ^ O n
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I I t I • * * •( ■ O ' vO v n u i U i y i f - O"© © MV*J V*) W W
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i • i # * •
l O O f - > '© S P H
S
• i i • .i » . * » * ** - i mw^ftMftv«tlS^ft<!ft%o^»-<i^fti'iftPi'oi)(!-, K>vii 'vij i ' ' i )vi>oHj U)S' l^<!ft fc)wSo'Ct>l j -w
>~\^^>-OftH^3Q^ViK}^HVriU)O'U)>O^OK>K}Q-JvnVA)RQ<O^Oft0j\ i iO»VA0 " 0 s e w * * .S*> .'O ^
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t o
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W
Tsblo II*
(Continuod)
Bortlott's
Tost of
Thin Soctions
rfithin tho
Bntiro
Coro
5)1
Table IX. (C ontinued) B a r t le t t 'a T est o f Thin S ec tio n s M lthin theE n tire Core
Sample Sun y 2
D egreeso f
Freedom1
d . f . 2s. 2 ^ * 1 0 “
( d . f . )2
^ io 8
1 1 /02 13 .5431 19 0 .0 5 2 6 .7123 - .1 4 7 0 -2 .7 9 3 711/03 9.1335 19 0 .0 5 2 6 .4336 -.3 1 5 5 -5 .9 9 4 711/04 5.0551 19 0 .0526 .2661 - . 5 7 5 0 -10 .925511/05 3 .2919 19 0 .0526 .1733 -.7 6 1 3 -1 4 .4 6 4 71 1 /06 9.3968 19 0 .0526 .4946 - .3 0 5 3 -5 .3 0 9 7U /0 7 6 .3179 19 0 .0526 .3325 - .4 7 3 2 -9 .0 3 5 411 /03 4 .7219 19 0 .0526 .2435 -.6 0 4 6 -1 1 .4 3 3 111 /09 3 .2350 19 0 .0526 .1703 -.7 6 3 9 -1 4 .6 0 8 311 /10 6 .2967 19 0.0526 .3314 -.4 7 9 6 -9 .1 1 3 11 1 / 1 1 4 .6463 19 0 .0526 .2445 -.6 1 1 6 -1 1 .6 2 1 211/12 3 .1906 19 0 .0526 .1679 - .7 7 4 9 -14 .722811 /13 4.3755 19 0 .0526 .2566 -.5 9 0 7 -1 1 .2 2 4 011/14 7.2642 19 0 .0526 .3323 - .4 1 7 6 -7 .9 3 3 711/15 4 .5 4 2 7 19 0 .0526 .2391 - .6 2 1 4 -11 .307411 /16 3.3653 19 0.0526 .4666 -.3 3 1 1 -6 .2 9 0 11 1 /1 7 7.3139 19 0 .0526 .3349 - .4 1 4 6 -7 .3 7 7 41 1 /1 a 3 .7736 19 0.0526 .1939 - .7 0 1 4 -1 3 .3270
T ota l 1 ,124 .6763 1957 5.4173 — — -661 .0370
*P " ^ 1 9 5 7 ^ * ° * 5746942
B * ( lo g 10s p) d . f . T o ta l - -0 .210565 (1957) * -4 7 0 .7 3 2
X .2 - lo g e 10 [ B - T o ta l d . f . lo g 10a2 ]
X 2 - 2 .3026 [ -4 7 0 .7 3 2 - ( -6 6 1 .0 8 7 ) ] - 433 .191
C orrection fa c to r *■* -» r -
C - 1 + [3( th in s e c t io n - 1 ) J [ d . f . To't*1 ~ ( n - l ) T otal J
1 + f 3 ( K 5 j J [ 5 -“ 7 8 - w ] ■ 1 -01771U
C orrected - 430 .564 w ith 102 d egrees o f freedom^ 1.0177114
oC orrected X *■» s ig n i f ic a n t a t th e 95)* co n fid en ce l e v e l
C eneluaient The varian ce between th in s e c t io n s i s not homogeneous.
52
understanding o f how w e ll the g r a in s have been s o r te d . In e s tim a te o f
th e variance o f a p op u lation i s an es tim a te o f how w id ely th e in d iv id
u a ls o f the p op u la tion are s c a tte r e d around the p op u la tio n average.
More s p e c i f i c a l ly an estim a te o f the varian ce o f the grain s iz e o f a
rock u n it i s an estim a te o f the so r tin g o f the g r a in s . The B a r t le t t ' s
t e s t in Table IX has a c tu a lly in d ic a te d th a t th ere are d if fe r e n c e s
between th in s e c t io n s in the degree o f so r tin g o f the g r a in s . This
in form ation suggested th a t th ere m ight be d if fe r e n c e s in the degree o f
s o r t in g between rock ty p e s .
a sep arate B a r t le t t ' s t e s t was made on each rock type t o determ ine
i f the d if fe r e n c e s in variance were e n t ir e ly due to d if fe r e n c e s between
rock ty p e s . I f th e d if f e r e n c e s were due on ly to d if f e r e n c e s between
rock ty p es the varian ce between th in s e c t io n s w ith in each rock type
should be homogeneous. Table X co n ta in s the r e s u lt s o f th e se 11 t e s t s .
The th ree rock ty p e s , m assive brown sandBtone, m assive gray sandstone,
and mixed d istu rb ed stru ctu re and graded bedding s h a le , have h e te ro
geneous v a r ia n ces between th in s e c t io n s . The rem aining e ig h t rock
ty p es have homogeneous v a r ia n ces between th in s e c t io n s .
In order b e t te r t o understand th ese r e s u l t s the mean gra in s ix e
and varian ce o f each rock type nas been p lo tte d in f ig u r e 6 so th a t a
comparison o f d if f e r e n c e s between ty p es can be made. The im p lic a t io n s
and in te r p r e ta t io n s are d isc u sse d in the fo llo w in g s e c t io n s .
D iffer en ce s between rock t y p e s .
A comparison o f th e rock typ es by average gra in s iz e and s o r tin g
as p lo tte d in f ig u r e 6 shows a wide range o f d if f e r e n c e s o f g ra in s ix e
and s o r tin g between rock ty p e s . These ty p es may be b eet understood in
53
Table X. R esu lts o f B a r t le t t ' s T ests on Thin S ec tio n s W ithin BachSock Type
Rock Type Corrected PC D egrees o f Freedom
M assive Brown Sandstone(0 1 )
59.3820* 23
Bedded Brown Sandstone (0 2 )
.6605 1
Pebbly Brown Sandstone(03)
1.4813 3
M assive dray Sandstone(04)
54.0656* 16
Bedded Gray Sandstone(05)
14.6659 9
ftb b ly Gray Sandstone (06)
.2867 1
Conglomerate(07)
1.1942 1
M assive Shale(08)
.4442 1
D isturbed S tructure Shale(09)
17.1750 1C
Graded Bedding Shale (10)
7.0745 10
Mixed D isturbed S tru ctu re and Graded Bedding Shale
(1 1 )
60 .8521* 17
♦ S ig n if ic a n t a t th e 95^ l e v e l o f con fid en ce . The varian ce between th in s e c t io n s w ith in th e se rock ty p es i s n ot homogeneous.
E ntire©
Core
1 -
0 — -2
F ig u re 6
07x
03X
01 06 0/
02x
05X
09X
08X
11
------------ ,------------------- 1------------------- 1------------------- 1------------------ x ~ ----------------- 1------------------ r------------------ 1- 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
A v e r t go Grc.ii, Si so i n ,0
Comparison o f t h e aver ace g ra in s i z e and v a r i a n c e o f the- 31 rock types and tho e n t i r e cored s e c t io n used in th:> a t 1.ay.
55
term s o f the energy system from which th ey were d e p o s ite d . Other
t ilin g s being eq u a l, the ex ten t t o which a sedim ent i s w e ll sorted i s
dependent on th e e f f i c ie n c y or d u ration o f th e energy a c tin g on the
sedim entary system . S ortin g would be expected to improve w ith
in c r e a s in g energy e f f ic ie n c y or d u ra tio n . Other fa c to r s which may
in flu en ce s o r t in g are the s ix e s o f p a r t ic le s a v a ila b le fo r d e p o s it io n ,
th e d is ta n ce tr a v e le d from th e source area , and th e s p e c if ic g r a v ity o f
the p a r t ic le s being a cted upon. Other th in g s being eq u a l, g ra in s iz e
i s a fu n c tio n o f th e in te n s i ty o f the energy a c t in g on the sedim entary
system . Grain s iz e would be expected t o in c re a se w ith in c r e a s in g
energy in t e n s i t y . As i s th e ca se in s o r t in g , d is ta n c e tr a v e led from
th e source area , s iz e o f the p a r t ic le s a v a i la b le , and s p e c i f ic g ra v ity
are fa c to r s which may in flu e n c e the average gra in s i z e o f the sedim en
ta ry u n it .
In order to d e fin e the rock typ es in terms of energy system s i t i s
n ecessa ry to account fo r the o th er fa c to r s in f lu e n c in g grain s iz e and
so r tin g as fa r as p o s s ib le . The e f f e c t o f d i f f e r in g s p e c i f ic g r a v i
t i e s on p a r t ic le s iz e and so r tin g i s ab sent s in ce on ly quartz grains
were measured. I t i s not so easy to account fo r the p o ss ib le e f f e c t s
o f the p a r t ic le s iz e s a v a ila b le on the average gra in s iz e and so r tin g
but i t seems lo g ic a l to assume th a t th e source area was not ex cep tio n
a l l y coarse grained s in ce the conglom erates contained in the study
s e c t io n are sm all-p eb b le conglom erates. At any r a te , a d isc u ss io n of
energy system s rep resen ted by sedim entary u n its can be ap p lied only to
r e la t iv e d u ration or i n t e n s i t i e s and the conglom erate contained in the
co res can be con sid ered t o rep resen t th e environment o f maximum energy
in t e n s i ty r e la t iv e to th e o th er rock ty p e s . The e f f e c t o f d is ta n c e
56
tr a v e le d from th e source area i s unknown and cannot be r e l ia b ly
accounted fo r in t h i s stu d y . T his e f f e c t may be n e g l ig ib le in the
sedim ents being s tu d ie d . The c lo s e a s so c ia t io n o f r e la t iv e ly f in e with
r e la t iv e ly coarse grained sedim ents which do not show ev id en ce o f being
tu r b id ite s i s much e a s ie r to e x p la in by a change in the energy system
than by a change in the d is ta n c e from the source area . Having thus made
an attem pt to account fo r fa c to r s o th er than th e energy system a t the
s i t e o f d e p o s it io n , t h i s paper w i l l attem pt to in te r p r e t the rock
ty p es on th e b a s is o f vary in g energy system s; however, th e p o s s ib i l i t y
o f o th er e f f e c t s should be kept in mind a t a l l t im es .
When the s o r tin g and average grain s iz e fo r the e n t ir e core
( f i g . 6) are compared to th ose o f the in d iv id u a l rock ty p es i t i s
c le a r th a t the energy system s from which the sed im ents were d ep o sited
were very e f f e c t i v e i n producing sedim ents o f d i f f e r in g so r tin g v a lu es
and average gra in s i z e s .
The rock ty p es have been placed in energy system c a te g o r ie s in
f ig u r e 7 . The rock ty p e s are l i s t e d below in approximate order o f
d ecrea sin g energy in t e n s i t y and in c r e a s in g energy e f f i c i e n c y .
Conglomerate (type 0 7 ) . H ighest energy in t e n s i t y , and lo w est
energy e f f ic ie n c y or s h o r te s t d u ration .
Psbbly brown sandstone (typ e 0 6 ) . M oderately high energy o f
g rea ter duration or e f f i c i e n c y than fo r th e conglom erate, but sh orter
d u ration or e f f i c ie n c y than fo r th e o th er rock ty p e s .
M assive brown sandstone (typ e 0 1 ) . Medium energy in t e n s i t y , and
high e f f i c ie n c y or lon g d u ra tio n .
FVsbbly gray sandstone (type 0 6 ) . This ty p e , which by m ineral
com p osition , b elon gs w ith the brown sa n d sto n es, i s alm ost id e n t ic a l to
Decreasing
energy in
tensity
— '
‘ 1 ' '
11 ^
and/or increasing
distance traveled
(Decreasing
grain site)
D ecreasing energy e f f i c i e n c y o r d u r a t io n o f energy
o r d e c re a s in g d i s ta n c e t r a v e le d ( in c re a s in g s^)
R e la t iv eC atego r
i e sVery High High Low Very Low
VeryHigh
Conglomerate(07)
HighPebbly Brown
Sandstone (03)
■
MediumBedded Brown
Sandstone (0 2 )
Massive Brown Sandstone (01)Pebbly G ray
Sandstone (06)Massive Gray Sandstone (04.)
LowBedded Gray
Sand s tone (05)
VeryLow
Massive Shale (08) Graded Bedding Shale (10) Mixed D is tu rbed S t ru c tu re
and Graded Bedding Shale (11 )
D is tu rbed S t ru c tu r e Shale (09)
F ig u re 7 , R e la t io n s h ip o f d e p o s i t io n a l environ?._>nt to rock ty p e s .
58
m assive brown sandstone in gra in s iz e and s o r t in g , which in d ic a te s
s im ila r energy c o n d it io n s a t the s i t e o f d e p o s it io n .
Bedded brown sandstone (typ e 0 2 ) . Medium energy in t e n s i t y , o f
very high e f f i c ie n c y or long d u ra tio n .
M assive gray sandstone (typ e 0 4 ) . Medium energy in te n s i ty but
s l i g h t l y l e s s than fo r the m assive brown san d ston e. The d u ra tio n or
e f f ic ie n c y o f th e energy system i s the same a s th a t fo r th e m assive
brown sandstone.
Bedded gray sandstone (typ e 0 5 ) . M oderately low energy in t e n s i t y ,
o f medium d u ration or e f f ic ie n c y .
D isturbed str u c tu re sh a le (typ e 0 9 ) . Very low energy in t e n s i t y ,
o f medium d u ration or e f f i c i e n c y .
M assive sh a le (typ e 08) . Very low energy i n t e n s i t y , o f good
e f f i c i e n c y or lon g d u ration .
Graded bedding sh a le (typ e 10 ) . Lowest energy in t e n s i t y , o f
lo n g est d u ration or h ig h e st e f f i c i e n c y .
Mixed d istu rb ed str u c tu re and graded bedding sh a le (ty p e 11 ) .
k m ixture o f th e two named ty p es; f a l l s in an in term ed ia te p o s it io n
between th e two component ty p e s .
Thus fa r only the g ro ss d if fe r e n c e s between rock ty p es have been
examined. These d if fe r e n c e s between rock ty p es have made i t p o se ib le
t o draw some co n c lu sio n s as t o r e la t iv e d if f e r e n c e s in the amount of
energy in vo lved in the d e p o s it io n o f th e d i f f e r e n t rock ty p e s . The
next s e c t io n i s concerned w ith d if fe r e n c e s w ith in th e rock ty p e s .
These in te r n a l d if fe r e n c e s make i t p o s s ib le to draw fu r th er con clu
s io n s concerning th e type o f energy system (w aves, f lo w in g w ater,
59
e t c . ) which may have been In vo lved In the d e p o s it io n o f th e rock ty p e s .
D iffe r e n c e s w ith in rock ty p e s .
D iffe re n ce s w ith in a sedim entary u n it w i l l supply in form ation
which can be d ir e c t ly ap p lied to an in te r p r e ta t io n o f I t s environment
o f d e p o s it io n . Megascopic ev id en ce o f environm ental v ic i s s i t u d e s can
be seen in gra in s i s e , s o r t in g , and s tr u c tu r e . More su b tle d i f f e r *
en ces cosmonly are not seen a t th e m acroscopic l e v e l but must be
d e tec ted by m icroscop ic stu d y . The purpose o f th e fo llo w in g d is c u s s io n
i s to mate and in te r p r e t both l e v e l s o f in form ation as much as i s
p o ss ib le w ith in each rock ty p e .
Data from th e B a r t le t t ' s t e s t and the appendix are p resen ted in
f ig u r e 3 in such a manner th a t the average g ra in s i z e , s o r t in g , and
i l l i t e con ten t (d if fe r e n c e s between rock ty p e s) and th e range o f th ese
v a r ia b le s (showing d if fe r e n c e s w ith in rock ty p e s ) may be d ir e c t ly
compared fo r each o f the sandstone rock ty p e s . The range i s th e d i f
feren ce between th e maximum and minimum average by th in s e c t io n s for
the v a r ia b le . For example the la r g e s t average g ra in s iz e in any th in
s e c t io n o f m assive brown sandstone was 1 .8 7 0 and the m aallest average
si&e was 2 . 7 4 0 , th er e fo re th e range i s 1 .8 7 0 to 2 .7 4 0 .
A d isc u s s io n o f in te r n a l v a r ia b le s fo r the v a r io u s rock ty p es i s
presented below .
M assive brown sandstone (0 1 ) . The range o f 0 i s sm all and th e2
range o f s i s la r g e . T his phenoamnon i s a very d is t in c t iv e fea tu re
o f t h i s rock type but th e ex p la n a tio n i s u n cer ta in . Probably some
type o f stru c tu re i s in v o lv e d , perhaps on such a s c a le th a t i t i s not
seen in the c o r e s . The X-ray photographs mentioned e a r l ie r gave no
h in t o f s tr u c tu r e . T ests o f a s s o c ia t io n m entioned e a r l ie r f a i l e d to
................
Rock Type
ps For Rock Type and
Range o f s^ by Tbi n S ection
0.5 1 1 .5
For Rock Type and Range o f by Thin
Section
1 2 3 A
% I l l i t e fo r Rock Type and Range o f % I l l i t e by Thin
Section5 10 15 20 25
01Massive Brown
Sandstone
*— .......... - - J -- --- -• - - -..... **
f i l l i i t t— )
02Bedded Brown
Sandstone—1—
03Pebbly Brown
Sandstone-------------- (-
[
h
0AMassive Gray
Sandstone— i—
— H - —
05Bedded Gray
Sandstone------------- j ----------- -j - - — ----------------_j-------------- •
06Pebbly Gray
Sandstone***+ ----1—
^V ertical marks show average value o f rock typ e.**H orizontal l in e s show range o f va lu es o f rock type.**#Rock type 06 has been shown to belong w ith rock type 01 (See t e x t ) .
F igure S. A compari cm o f rand stone rock type v a r ia b le s .
61
show any a s s o c ia t io n o f gra in s iz e w ith s o r t in g . The sm all range of
average gra in s iz e In d ic a te s th a t the energy in t e n s i t y must have
remained a t about th e same l e v e l . The wide range o f s o r tin g va lu es
probably in d ic a te s th a t d e p o s it io n was to o rapid to a llo w eq u a lly
e f f i c i e n t s o r t in g a t a l l t im es .
Bedded brown sandstone ( 02) . The s tru c tu r e i s su g g e stiv e o f
2current bedding. The ranges o f ^ and s are both sm all but cannot be
considered to be e s p e c ia l ly m eaningfu l, s in c e on ly two th in s e c t io n s
were taken in t h is rock typ o .
feb b ly brown sandstone ( 0 3 ) . The ranges o f both s2 and $ are
r e la t iv e ly la r g e . This probably r e f l e c t s a tim e o f somewhat more rapid
d e p o s it io n w ith l e s s opportunity fo r reworking than fo r the m assive
brown sandstone.
M assive gray sandstone ( 04) . The ranges o f $ and s are alm ost
id e n t ic a l to th o se o f the m assive brown sandstone, but the average
g ra in s iz e i s s l i g n t ly sm a ller . The fea tu re which most d i f f e r e n t ia t e s
the two ty p es i s th e much higher i l l i t e con ten t o f th e m assive gray
san d ston e. The c o n d itio n s o f d e p o s it io n must have been q u ite s im ila r
fo r the two ty p e s . The t o t a l energy in te n s i ty may have been s l i g h t l y
l e s s fo r the m assive gray sandstone (a s evidenced by i t s s l ig h t ly
sm aller average grain s i z e ) and d e p o s it io n may have been somewhat more
rapid s in c e the i l l i t e has been removed by winnowing.
Bedded gray sandstone ( 05 ) . This rock type i s very d i s t in c t iv e .
The range o f s 2 i s sm all w h ile th e range o f j? i s la r g e . This d i s t r i -2
b u tion has led to an s which i s la rg er fo r the rock typ e as a whole
than fo r any in d iv id u a l th in s e c t io n . A la r g e range fo r ^ and a sm all2
range o f s i s a co n d itio n produced by grading due to varying current
62
v e lo c i t i e s (P e tt ijo h n , 1957) . In t h i s type o f grading an in crea sa in
gra in s i z e i s dependent on in cr e a s in g cu rren t v e lo c i t y , which means
tn a t sm all gra in s may be carried away by the cu rren t, thereb y in c r e a s
in g the average gra in s iz e but m ain ta in in g approxim ately the same
v a r ia n ce . The t h e s is th a t th e se graded beds were d ep o sited from flow ing
w ater i s fu r th er supported by the presence o f sm all s c a le cross-bedding,
even though the occurrence o f t h i s cross-b ed d in g i s l im ite d .
Pebbly gray sandstone ( 0 6 ) . This rock type has been shown to
belong w ith th e brown sandstones on the b a s is o f m ineral com p osition .
The ex a ct placem ent in one o f th e th ree brown sandstone rock typ es
cannot be made w ith g rea t assurance s in c e on ly two th in s e c t io n s o f
the pebbly gray sandstone were made; however, i t seems to resem ble
most c lo s e ly the m assive brown sandstone s in ce both have alm ost the
same variance and average gra in s i z e . This placem ent seems e s p e c ia l ly
l o g ic a l s in c e the average g ra in s i z e o f th e pebbly gray sandstone i s
a c tu a lly o u ts id e the range o f average g ra in s iz e o f both the bedded
brewn and pebbly brown san d ston es.
Conglomerate ( 0 7 ) . This rock type i s not shown in a f ig u r e .
From th e data conta ined in the appendix i t can be seen th a t the ranges
o f both ? and s 2 are much la r g e r than th o se o f any o f the o th er rock
ty p e s . T his rock type re p r ese n ts the h ig h est energy system o f a l l the
ty p es and i s th e most ra p id ly d ep o sited o f a l l th e ty p e s . Only two
th in s e c t io n s were taken and in te r p r e ta t io n i s l im ite d .
The sh a le v a r ia b le s are p resen ted in f ig u r e 9 in the same manner
as fo r th e sandstones in f ig u r e 8 ,2 3M assive sh a le ( 0 8 ) . The ranges o f s and 0 are both sm a ll, itoergy
Rod: Type
OSMassive Shale
I
09D is turbed S t ru c
t u r e Shale
L
10Graded Bedding
Shal e
11Mixed Dis turbed
S t ru c tu r e an;] Graded Bedding
Shale
s For Rock Tyne and 0Range o f e* bv Thin S ec t ion
0 .5 ‘ 1 1.5i r “ i
0 For Rod: Type and Range o f p by
Thin S ec t ion 1. 5 5 . 0 5.5
I
* V e r t i c a l r a r k s ohov average va lue o f reel: t \ p ’‘ 'H o r i z o n t a l l i n e n show range o f valuer, o f r o d : tv
% Quartz f o r Rock Type an:' Range o f % Quartz, by Thin
Sec t ion5 10 15 20 25 30 35
+
£ i'
F igu re 9. A c o rp s r i son of rhn?c r o d : t'-pc v a r l ' b l *
64
in t e n s i ty was low but so r tin g was good. In te r p r e ta tio n i s d i f f i c u l t
s in c e on ly two th in s e c t io n s were taken . This rock type i s probably
th e same as the graded bedding sh a le ex cep t fo r a l e s s e r amount o f
s i l t s i z e d p a r t ic le s .
Graded bedding sh a le ( 1 0 ) . The ranges o f 0 and s are both sm a ll.
This rock type rep resen ts the weakest energy system o f a l l the ty p e s .
D ep o sitio n may have been in r e la t iv e ly deep w ater, or in more shallow
but very q u ie t w ater below wave b ase . The sediment may have come from
p e r io d ic f lo o d in g or may have come from sm all s c a le tu r b id ity f lo w s .
The c lo s e a s s o c ia t io n w ith beds showing ev id en ce o f cu rren t or wave
a c t io n and the fa c t tn a t the sh a le u n i t s , in th e f i e l d , grade
l a t e r a l ly in to sandstone tend to preclude th e co n clu sio n th a t the
graded bedding sh a le s could be the r e s u lt o f e x te n s iv e or widespread
tu r b id ity flo w s.— 2
D isturbed stru ctu re sh a le (C9). The ranges o f 0 and s are both
r e la t iv e ly la r g e . .Small s c a le cross-b ed d in g i s p resen t in the s i l t y
la y e r s but i3 l im ite d in occu rren ce. The s i l t - p o o r la y e rs are proba
b ly very c lo s e ly r e la te d to the graded bedding sh a le s but are d is
t in g u ish ed from them la r g e ly by th e ir a s s o c ia t io n w ith the s i l t y
la y e r s , penecontemporaneous deform ation , and l e s s obvious or absent
grading o f the beds. This rock type was d ep osited in a r e la t iv e ly low
energy environment where the very q u ie t or s t i l l w ater was p e r io d i
c a l ly in ter ru p ted by s lo w ly moving cu rren ts or weak wave a c t io n . The
t h e s i s o f p eriod s o f d e p o s it io n from s lo w ly moving cu rren ts i s
supported by the fa c t th a t the s i l t y la y e r s grade in to the bedded gray
sandstones which show evidence o f current a c t io n .
65
Mixed d istu rb ed stru c tu re and graded bedding sh a le ( 1 1 ) . This2
i s a m ixture o f the prev iou s two rock ty p e s . The range o f s i s very
la rg e and the range o f $ r e la t iv e ly la rg e but not a s la r g e as th a t o f
th e d istu rb ed stru c tu r e sh a le a lo n e . The graded bedding sh a le seems
to be th e dominant member o f t h i s m ixture. The in tim a te a s s o c ia t io n
o f th e two ty p es in t h is m ixture In d ic a te s th a t the d if f e r e n c e s in
environment o f d e p o s it io n o f the d istu rb ed stru ctu re sh a le and the
graded bedding sh a le must be very sm a ll.
The s tr a t ig r a p h ic v a r ia t io n s in energy system s are shown diagram
m atic a l l y in f ig u r e 10 . The diagram d isreg a rd s th e th ic k n ess o f the
u n it s . I t can be seen in t h is diagram t h a t , from th e bottom to the
to p o f the s e c t io n th ere has been a n et change to in c r e a s in g energy
in t e n s i t y and d ecrea sin g energy d u ration or e f f i c i e n c y in d ic a t in g con
d it io n s o f somewhat more rapid d e p o s it io n .
66
I n c r e a s in g e f f i c i e n c y o r d u r a t io n
P o o r lys o r te d
V/ellso r te d
I n c r e a s in g I n t e n s i t y
Smallg ra in e d
l a r g eg ra in e d
2I 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
l l . l t
T h is d iag ram d o es n o t show th i c k n e s s e s o f i n d i v i d u a l rock ty p e s . Each p o i n t r e p r e s e n t s one u n i t .
F ig u re 1 0 . S t r a t i g r a p h i c v a r i a t i o n s i n en e rg y e f f i c i e n c y o r d u r a t io n and energy i n t e n s i t y a 3 i n t e r p r e te d from s o r t i n g and av e ra g e g r a in s i z e o f th e ro ck ty p e s .
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY
SOURCE AREA
The source area o f th e Jackfork was probably composed o f r e la
t i v e l y f in e grained sedim ents and a sta sed im en ts . A ll th e c o n s titu e n t
p a r t ic le s o f th e form ation are 1 and even the pebble a ised rock
fragm ents in th e conglom erates are composed o f sm all p a r t ic le s . E v i
dence fa v o r in g a sedim entary source in c lu d e s a r e la t iv e ly sim ple
q u a r tt-c la y m ineral com position which would be u n lik e ly w ith a p e tro -
g r a p h ic a lly complex parent rock. Rounded secondary overgrowth on some
o f the quarts g r a in s in d ic a te s th a t th e se g r a in s are a t l e a s t second
g en era tio n . The g rea t th ic k n e ss o f the sedim entary s e r ie s in d ic a te s
rap id downwarping a t the s i t e o f d e p o s it io n and probably a ra p id ly
r is in g source a rea . Thinning o f th e sedim ents toward th e w est and
northw est in d ic a te s th a t the d ir e c t io n o f the source was probably
somewhere between e a s t and sou th . These co n c lu s io n s are in agreement
w ith Bokman (1953) who su ggested an upwarping to the south o f part o f
th e e a r l ie r f i l l e d g eo sy n c lin e as a p o s s ib le cause and source o f the
Jackfork sed im ents,
ENVIRONMENT OF DEPOSITION
Although o v e r - a l l d e p o sit io n was rap id lo c a l p ro cesse s were
extrem ely e f f e c t iv e in sep aratin g g ra in s iz e s in to d i s t in c t w e l l -
so r ted rock groups. The d if f e r e n t rock ty p es are th em selves very w e ll
67
63
so r ted r e la t iv e to th e t o t a l sedim entary u n it .
The conglom erates rep resen t b r ie f p er io d s o f in te n se cu rren t
a c t i v i t y . The sandstones rep resen t p eriod s o f r e la t iv e ly h igh energy
but o f v a r ia b le I n te n s ity or ch aracter . The m assive sandstones were
r a p id ly dep osited in an environment th a t was e i th e r b a s ic a l ly i n e f f i
c ie n t in reworking, or which did not have s u f f i c ie n t tim e to rework
the sedim ents. The pebbly sandstones are r e p r e se n ta tiv e o f somewhat
more rap id d ep o sit io n or l e s s e f f i c i e n t rew orking.
The bedded sandstones probably are th e product o f l e s s in te n se
but v ery e f f i c i e n t cu rren t a c t iv i t y . Bedded sandstone commonly i s
in terbedded w ith sh a le s and could be in te r p r e ted as th e r e s u lt o f
tu r b id it y cu rren ts. These bedded san d ston es, however, show no a s so
c ia t io n o f g ra in s iz e and s o r t in g , a property which i s presumably
t y p ic a l o f tu r b id ite d e p o s its (B e tt ijo h n , 1957) .
The sh a les rep resen t the lo w est energy d e p o s it io n a l system s.
The presence o f some small s c a le cross-b ed d in g in the d istu rb ed
s tr u c tu r e sh a le s in d ic a te s r e la t iv e ly weak current or wave a c t io n .
Since graded bedding sh a le s are c lo s e ly a sso c ia te d w ith d istu rb ed
s tr u c tu r e shale the graded bedding sh a le s are probably a ls o shallow
w ater d ep o sits but w ithout d istu rb in g a g en ts . The c l o s e a s so c ia t io n
o f graded bedding and d istu rb ed s tru c tu re sh a le s i s emphasized by the
mixed d istu rb ed stru ctu re and graded bedding sh a le c la s s which com
p oses 13,25t o f the s e c t io n s tu d ied .
The d e p o s it io n a l record seems to r e f l e c t periods o f rapid and
slow d e p o s it io n , al 1 in shallow w ater. Same ep iso d es were r e la t iv e ly
in e f f i c i e n t w ith resp ec t to so r tin g whereas o th ers produced extrem ely
w e ll sorted sed im en ts. From e a r l i e s t to l a t e s t ep iso d es th ere I s
s l ig h t tren d from l e s s e r to g rea ter in t e n s i t y and from g rea ter to
l e s s e r e f f i c i e n c y .
SBLBCTKD RBFBRSNCJES
Bokman, J . Inf., 1952, C la stic quarts p a r t ic le s as in d icaa o f provenance, Jour. Sedimentary F etro logy , ▼. 21, pp. 17*24.
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C lin * , L. M., and Shelburne, 0 . B ., 1959, la te K iss iss ip p ia n and Early Pennsylvanian stratigrap h y o f the Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, in The geology o f the Ouachita Mountains, a symposium, D allas Geol. Soc. and Ardmore Geol. S o c ., pp. 175-207.
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Ham, W. £ . , 1959, C orrelation o f p re-S tan ley s tr a ta in tha Arbuckle- Ouachita Mountain reg io n , £n Tha geology o f tha Cteachita Mountains, a symposium, D allas Gaol. Soc. and Ardmore Gaol. S o c ., pp. 71-35.
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APPEIDIX A
Mineral Composition and Grain Si*e Data o f the Thin S ection s
76
APPENDIX A
Explanation
Tha th in sec tio n s are l i s t e d by rock type. Their lo c a tio n i s
given in fe e t below the surface o f the ground in the core fra* which
they were taken. They were ground to a th ickn ess o f approximately
0.02£> b * and mounted in caedax which has an index o f re fra c tio n of
approximately 1 .5 5 .
Both cores were v e r t ic a l and both were taken on the west sid e of
the r iv e r . Core G-d i s a t 34* 12* 52-1/4" N and 93° 06' 41" W and
ground le v e l i s a t an e le v a tio n o f 226.0 f e e t above mean sea le v e l .
Core G-9 i s a t 34* 12' 51-3/4" N and 93* 06' 43" W and grouixt le v e l
i s a t an e lev a tio n o f 331*4 fe e t above mean sea l e v e l . The portion
of core G-9 used in the study extended from a depth o f 20.3 fe e t
(e le v a tio n 311.1 f e e t ) to 258.0 fe e t (e le v a tio n 7 3 .4 f e e t ) , a t which
paint the core was correla ted with G-6. The co rre la tio n poin t in
core G-6 was a t a depth o f 109.6 fe e t (e le v a tio n U 6 .3 f e e t ) . The
portion o f core G-8 used in the study extended from the co rre la tio n
point with G-9 to a depth o f 168.9 f e e t (e lev a tio n 57 .0 f e e t ) . The
to ta l footage studied in core G-9 was 237.7 fe e t and in G-3 was
59.3 f e e t making a grand t o ta l o f 297*0 f e e t .
The m ineral ccs^position o f each th in se c tio n was ca lcu la ted by
determining the m ineral encountered a t 100 separate p o in ts in each
th in se c t io n .
The average grain s iz e was determined by measuring the apparent
77
73
long axes of 20 ran d cily se lec ted quarts gra in s. The data are
numbered from one to 20 in the order in which the gra in s were
measured.
The co lor of the rock chips wae determined fay comparing them
w ith the G.S.A. Rock-Color Chart (Goddard, e t a l , , 19 5 1 ).
79
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Number 01/01
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 25.9
Core Number G-9
Composition
M ineral i Grain Size
Dusty quarta 61 nm dClear quartz 7 HU VI l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 2 1. 0.1544 2.6953S id e r ite 19 2. 0.1670 2.5821Carbonaceous matter - 3. 0.0874 3.5162Muscovite 1 4 . 0.4198 1.2522S i l i c a cement 1 5. 0 .2858 1.8069C a lc ite - 6. 0.2244 2.1559Chert 7 7. 0.1010 3.3076Seri c i t e - 8. 0.0798 3.6475F yrite - 9. 0 .1916 2.3838P la g io c la se 1 10. 0 .0914 3.4517Kaolin - 11. 0.4318 1.2116Lsucoxene - 12, 0.0868 3.5262Q rthoclase - 13. 0 .1194 3.0661C hlorite - 14. 0.4340 1.2042Micaceous rock fra g . - 15. 0 .1494 2.7427Zircon - 16. 0.0776 3.6878M icrocline 1 17. 0 .3250 1.6215Limonite - 18. 0.0466 4.4235M agnetite - 19. 0.2434 2.0386B io t ite - 20. 0.1426 2.8100R u tile -Garnet -
Total 100
Average gra in s i t e in mm 0.1930
Average grain s iz e in 0 2.6566
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.8734
Color o f rock chip 4 TR 5/1
APPENDIX ARock Type 01
Thin Section Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
Massive Brown Sandstone
01/02
3 1 .0
0-9
Com position
M in e ra l %
D usty q u a r tz 72C le a r q u a r tz 6 mmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 1 1 . 0 .1592S id e r l t e 8 2 . 0 .1122C arbonaceous m a tte r - 3 . 0 .1124M uscovite - 4 . 0 .1188S i l i c a cement 2 5. 0 .1986C a lc i te - 6 . 0 .1008C h ert b 7. 0 .0992S e r l c i t e 3 8 . 0 .6 6 7 0P y r i te - 9. 0 .2562P la g lo c la s e - 10. 0 .2568K ao lin - U . 0 .0806Leucoxene — 12. 0 .0796O rth o c la se - 13. 0 .0342C h lo r i te - 14. G.1318M icaceous ro ck f r a g . - 15. 0 .1663Z irco n 1 16. 0 .1 1 3 0M ic ro c lln e 1 17. 0 .1722lim on ite - 18. 0 .1250M ag n etite - 19 . 0 .3648B i o t i t e - 20. 0 .4258R u t i le -G arn e t -
T o ta l lo o
Grain Size
0
2 .6511 3 .1559 3 .1533 3 .0 7 3 4 2 .3321 3 .3104 3 .3335 0.5842 1 .9647 1.9613 3 .63313 .6511 4 .3699 2 .9236 2 .5838 3 .1456 2 .5378 3.0000 1.4548 1.2318
Average gra in s iz e in mm
Average grain s iz e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color in rock chip
0 .1 8 8 8
2.7270
0.9253
4 YR 5 /1
3L
APPENDIX ARock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Number 01/03Depth Belov Surface (in feet) 32.7Core Number G-9
Com position
Mineral % Grain Size
Dusty quarts 780Clear quartz 7 ■a
I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e -
S id er ite 6 1 . 0 .0906 3.4643Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0.3566 1 .4876Muscovite 1 3 . 0 .3680 1.4422S i l ic a cement 3 4 . 0 .0434 4 .3638C a lc ite - 5. 0.1956 2 .3540Chert 2 6 . 0 .1242 3 .0093S e r lc ite 1 7 . 0 .2 9 9 8 1 .7379fy r it e - 3 . 0 .2 3 9 6 2 .0613P lag ioclase - 9. 0 .0538 4 .2163Kaolin - 10. 0 .6600 0.5995Leucoxene — 11. 0 .6016 0 .7331O rthoclass - 12. 0 .1640 2 .6082C hlorite - 13. 0 .0898 3 .4771Micaceous rock frag . - 14 . 0 .3430 0 .2 3 7 9Zircon — 15. 0 .1243 3 .0023Micro c l in e 2 16. 0 .9208 0 .1190Limonlte - 17 . 0 .7752 0 .3 6 7 4M agnetite - 13. 0 .3288 1 .6047B io t ite - 19. 0 .0566 4 .1431R u tile — 20 . 0.2502 1 .9988Garnet -
Total lo o
Average g ra in s iz e in am 0 .3 2 9 3
Average g ra in s iz e in 0 2 .1516
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d i n 0 1 .3515
C olor in rock ch ip 4 YR 5 /1
32
Rock Type 01APPKNDIX A
Massive Brown SandstoneThin S e c tio n Munber
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Munber
0 1 /0 1
3 1 .6
G-9
C caposltionM ineral % Gi
Dusty quarts 76 MbClear quarts 5I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e 1 1 . 0.1536S id e r lte 5 2 . 0 .0 4 3 0Carbonaceous n atter - 3 . 0 .0821Muscovite 2 4 . 0 .1 6 3 0S i l i c a cenent 4 5 . 0 .2 0 0 1C alc ite - 6 . 0 .8312Chert — 7 . 0 .2 1 0 6S e r ic ite 1 8 . 0 .1896P yrite - 9. 0 .2618FLagioclase - 10 . 0 .2552Kaolin 1 U . 0 .5132Leucoxene 1 12. 0 .2168O rthoclase - 13. 0 .2656C hlorite - 11. 0 .1130Micaceous roek frag . - 15 . 0 .0 9 1 1Zircon - 16. 0 .1686M icrosline - 17 . 0 .2 7 1 1L iaonite - 18 . 0 .2218M agnetite - 19 . 0 .2424B io t ite - 20. 0 .3576R utile -
Garnet 1
T otal 100
Grain S ite
Average g r a in s i t e in ■■
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color in rock chip
2 .1623
2 .2953
0 .8 1 1 1
1 IB 5 /1
0
2 .70271 .53953.60122 .61712 .31900 .2 6 6 72 .21712 .39901 .91701 .97030 .88042.20561 .91272 .80593 .10512 .56831.86562.15332.01151.1836
S'3
Rock Type 01APPENDIX A
Massive Brown SandstoneThin S ection Number
Depth Below Surface ( in fe e t )
Core Number
Composition
01/05
3 9 .4
G-9
M ineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quarts 770Clear quarts 6 Ml
I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e -S id er ita 6 1 . 0.2792 1.8406Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0.0722 3.7919Muscovite 3 3 . 0.0942 3.4081S i l i c a ceaent 2 4 . 0.1602 2.6421C a lc ite - 5. 0 .1484 2.7524Chert 2 6. 0.2624 1.9302S e r ic it e 1 7. 0 .6312 0.6638P yrite - 8 . 0 .1630 2.6171FLagioclase 2 9. 0 .1104 3.1792K aolin — 10. 0.2104 2.2488Leueazene - 11. 0 .0974 3.3600O rthoclase - 12. 0 .1224 3.0303C h lorite - 13. 0 .1544 2.6953Micaceous rock frag . — 14. 0.3744 1.4173Zircon - 15. 0 .0562 4.1533M icrocline - 16. 0 .1314 2.9280Limonite - 17. 0.1438 2.7979M agnetite 1 18. 0 .2104 2.2488BLotite - 19. 0.1402 2.8344R u tlle - 20. 0.4008 1.3190
T otal 100
Average gra in s i s e in an
Average gra in s is e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color in rock chip
0.1982
2.5929
0.7305
4 TR 5 /1
34
APPENDIX ABock Type 01 Massive Brown Sandstone
Thin Section Number 01/06
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
41.6
G-9
Composition
Mineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quartz 55Clear quarts U 0I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e 4S id e r lte 29 1 . 0.2072 2.2709Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0.3752 1.4143Muscovite 1 3 . 0.116ft 3.0979S i l i c a csawnt - 4 . 0.1224 3.0303C a le ite - 5. 0.1824 2.4548Chert • 6 . 0.1032 3.2765S e r ic ite • 7. 0.3776 1.4051Ferrite - f t . 0.3104 1.6378P la g io c la se - 9. 0.2056 2.2821Kaolin - 10. 0.2S0ft 1.8324Leueoxene — 11. 0.343ft 1.5195O rthoclase - 12. 0.2032 2.2990C hlorite - 13. 0.1752 2.5129Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0.1334 2.3531Zircon - 15. 0.2723 1.3741M icrocline - 16. 0.2372 1.7999L inonlte - 17. 0.3904 1.3570M agnetite - 1ft. 0 .1928 2.3743B io t it e - 19. 0.1752 2.5129R utile - 20. 0.2243 2.1533Garnet -
Total 100
Average gra in s i s e in m
Average gra in s i s e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color in rock chip
0.2345
2.2004
0.3412
5 IB 5 1 /2
APPENDIX A
Bock Type 01 M assive Brown Sandstone
Thin S e c t io n Kunber 0 1 /0 7
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 43*3
Core Number G-9
Com position
% Grain S iseDusty quarts 68Clear quarts 11 tm 02 H i t e -S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 5S ld e r ite 5 1. 0.2416 2.0493Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2. 0.0736 3.7642Muscovite 2 3. 0.1544 2.6953S i l ie a cement 2 4 . 0.0096 3.4304C a lc ite - 5 . 0.3032 1.7217Chert 1 6 . 0.1456 2.7799S e r ic ite 1 7. 0.1064 3.2324P yrite - a . 0.0832 3.5373FLagioclase 2 9. 0.164S 2.6012Kaolin - 10. 0.0992 3.3335Leuooxene - u . 0.1168 3.0979Orthoclase - 12. o .ia o o 2.4739C h lor ite - 13. 0 .2656 1.9127Kieaeeous rock fra g . 2 14. 0.1208 3.0493Zircon - 15. 0.2072 2.2709MLaroeline — 16. 0.1608 2.6367Limonite - 17. 0.2568 1.9613M agnetite 1 i a . 0.1496 2.7408B io t ite - 19. 0.2504 1.9977R u tile - 20. 0.0928 3.4297Garnet -
T otal 100
Average gra in s i s e in m 0.1631
Average gra in e ls e in 0 2.7403
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3837
Color o f rock ehip 4 TR 5 /1
36
APPENDIX ARock Type 01 M assive Brown Sands ton*
Thin S ec tio n N\nb«r 01 /08
Depth Below Surface (In f * * t ) 4 4 .5
Cor* Munber G-9
C onposltionM ineral Grain S is*
C lear quarts 12 snI l l i t e - S id e r i t * -
I l l i t e -
S id e r it* 15 1 . 0 .3 4 9 6Carbonaceous n a tter 2 2 . 0 .1192M uscovite 1 o 0 .4 2 4 0S i l i c a eenent 4 4 . 0 .9576C a lc ite - 5. 0 .0 4 6 4Chert 3 6 . 0 .4376S e r lc ite - 7 . 0 .0 4 6 4P yrite - 8 . 0 .1744P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .1296kaolin 1 10. 0 .5192Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .0 8 6 4O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .2096C h lorite - 13. 0 .1896Micaceous rock fra g . - 14 . 0 .1 8 6 4Zircon 1 15. 0 .2 1 0 4MLcroclin* - 1 6 . 0 .5376Linonit* — 1 7 . 0 .4 9 4 4M agnetite - 18. 0 .1 2 4 8B lo t it s - 19 . 0 .2216R u tile - 20. 0 .1368Garnet -
T otal 100
0
1.51623 .06851 .23790 .06254 .4297 1 .19234 .4297 2.5195 2 .9479 0 .9456 3 .5328 2 .2543 2 .3990 2 .4235 2 .2488 0 .8 9 5 4 1.0162 3 .0023 2 .1740 2 .8699
At * rage g ra in s i s * i n am
Average g ra in s i s * i n 0
Variance (a^) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .2 8 0 1
2 .2583
1 .3637
4 TR 5 /1
37
APPENDIX ARock Typo 01 Hassive Brown SandstoneThin Section Number 01/09Depth Below Surface (in feet) 46.2Core Number 0-9
Composition
% Grain S ise
Dusty quarts 77Clear quarts 4 am 0I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e -
S id e r ite 11 1. 0 .3368 1 .5700Carbonaceous m atter 1 2 . 0 .5728 0 .8039Muscovite - 3* 0 .1144 3 .1278S i l i c a cement 4 4 . 0 .3 8 4 0 1 .3808C a le ite - 5. 0 .3696 1 .4360Chert - 6 . 0 .2 1 8 4 2 .1950S e r lc ite - 7. 0 .0872 3 .5195l im its - 8 . 0 .1 0 2 4 3 .2877FLagioclase - 9 . 0 .0808 3 .6295Kaolin 1 10. 0 .2136 2 .2270Leucoxene 11. 0 .4888 1 .0327O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .4184 1 .2 5 7 0C hlorite - 13 . 0 .5536 0 .8531Micaceous rock fra g . 2 14 . 0 .3 6 6 4 1 .4485Zircon - 15 . 0 .0552 4 .1792K leroclin e - 16. 0 .1 3 8 4 2 .8531Limonite — 17. 0 .2216 2 .1 7 4 0M agnetite - 18 . 0.2176 2 .2002B io t ite - 19. 0 .2944 1 .7642R u tile — 20. 0 .2424 2 .0445Garnet -
T otal 100
Average gra in s i s e in bb 0*2733
Average gra in s i s e in 0 2.1492
Variance (a2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.9772
Color o f rock chip 4 XR 5 /1
88
APPENDIX AHock Type 01 M assive Brown Sandstone
Thin S ectio n Number 01 /10
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
4 7 .0
Cr-9
Composition
M ineral Grain S ize
Clear quartz 12 BfBI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 1S id e r ite 2 1. 0 .2176Carbonaceous m atter - 2 . 0 .1243M uscovite 2 3 . 0 .2 1 6 3S i l i c a cement 8 4 . 0 .1400C a lc ite - 5. 0 .1616Chert 3 6. 0 .1624S e r ic it e 1 7 . 0 .4728P y r ite - 8 . 0 .2332P la g io c la se - 9. 0 .1784Kaolin - 10. 0 .1576Leucoxene - 11. 0 .2632O rthoclase - 12. 0 .1376C h lo r ite - 13 . 0.3928M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14. 0 .2 1 8 4S ir con - 15. 0.4176Mi c r o c lin e - 16. 0 .2984Limoni te - 17. 0 .1144M agnetite - 13. 0 .1232B io t ite - 19. 0 .1292R u tile - 20. 0 .2356Garnet -
T otal 100
0
2.20023.00232.20562.83652.62952 .62241.08071 .32012 .43682.66571.92582.86141 .34312.19501 .25981.74473.12783 .02092.95231.8079
Average gra in s iz e in mn
Average gra in s iz e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lc u la te d in 0
0.2248
2 .2897
0.3964
Color o f rock chip 4YR 5/1
89
Rock Type 01APPEMDIK A
Massive Brown SandstoneThin S e c tio n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
0 1 /11
54.9
G-9
Com position
M ineral %
Dusty quarts 80C lear quarts 3I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e I l l i t e 3S id e r ite 4Carbonaceous m atter M uscovite 2S i l i c a cement 3C a lc iteChert 1S e r ic i t e 1P y r iteFL agioclase 1K aolinLeucoxeneO rthoclase 1C h lo r iteMicaceous rock fr a g .Z ircon Micro d i n e Lim onite M agnetiteB io t i t e 1R u tileGarnet
T o ta l 100
Grain S is e
1 .2 .3 .4 .5.6 .7 .8 . 9.
10 .11 .12.13 .14 .15 .16 .17 .18.19 .20 .
0 .46480 .11920 .17760 .31840 .2 1 4 40 .27360.18320 .43760.46480 .24720.25120 .27440 .23120 .27360 .31280 .22560 .18160 .4 4 0 80 .31360 .3936
0
1.1053 3.0685 2 .4933 1 .6511 2 .22161 .8699 2.4485 1 .19231.1053 2 .0162 1 .9931 1.8656 2 .1 1 2 81 .8699 1 .6767 2 .1482 2.4612 1 .1818 1 .6730 1.3452
Average g ra in s i s e in ms
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock ch ip
0 .2900
1 .8750
0 .2793
4 TR 5 /1
90
Rock Type 01APPENDII A
Massive Brown SandatoneThin S ection Number
Depth Below Surface ( in ? e e t )
Core Number
0 1 /12
5 6 .3
G-9
Com position
K ln .r .1 %
Dusty q u arts 71
Grain S ise
C lear q u arts 15 BISI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 2S id e r ite 1 1 . 0 .2328Carbonaceous m atter - 2 . 0 .3 0 0 0M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .2072S i l i c a cement 5 4 . 0 .2 8 4 8C a lc ite - 5. 0 .5368Chert 2 6 . 0 .1672S e r ic i t e - 7 . 0 .5296P y r ite - 8 . 0 .2 6 1 6F L agioclase - 9 . 0 .2 4 1 6K aolin 1 10 . 0 .0936Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .4 4 1 6O rthoclase - 12. 0 .1088C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .2 4 2 4M icaceous rock fr a g . 1 14. 0 .1832Zirean 1 1 5 . 0 .3632Hi c r o c lin e - 16. 0 .1 6 1 6Lim onite - 17 . 0 .1688M agnetite - 1 8 . 0 .1584B L otite - 19. 0 .5 2 5 6R u tile - 2 0 . 0 .1184
0
2 .102S1 .73702 .27091 .81200 .89752.58060 .9 1 7 01 .93462 .04933 .41731 .17923.20022 .04452 .44851 .46122.62952.56662 .65840.92803 .0783
Garnet
T ota l 100
Average gra in s i s e in am 0 .2 6 6 4
Average grain s i s e in 0 2 .0 9 5 7
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0 .5693
Color o f rock ch ip 4 IB 5 /1
91
APPHDIX ARock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Number 01/13Depth Below Surface (in feet) 57.0Core Number 0-9
Com position
Mineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quartz 78C lear quarts 13 BBS 0I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 3S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .2096 2 .2543Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .1872 2.4173Muscovite — 3 . 0 .1016 3 .2 9 9 0S i l ic a cement 4 4 . 0 .3032 1 .7217C ale ite - 5. 0 .2 5 0 4 1 .9977Chert 2 4 . 0 .1800 2 .4739S e r ic ite - 7 . 0 .0 7 2 8 3 .7799l y r i t e - a . 0 .2536 1 .9 7 9 4P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .1376 2 .8614K aolin - 10. 0 .0 7 2 8 3 .7 8 0 0Leueeooene 1 1 . 0 .2576 1 .9568O rthoclase - 12. 0.1000 3 .3219C h lorite - 13. 0 .2792 1 .8406Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .1 2 6 4 2 .9839Zircon — 15 . 0 .2016 2 .3 1 0 4M lerod ine - 16. 0 .1592 2 .6 5 ULlmonite - 17. 0 .1 4 6 4 2 .7720M agnetite - 18 . 0 .2696 1 .8 9 1 1B io t ite - 1 9 . 0 .3 3 0 4 1 .5977R u tile ** 20 . 0 .2512 1 .9 9 3 1Garnet -
Total 100
Average gra in s i s e in mm 0 .1945
Average gra in s i s e in 0 2 .4942
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0 .4451
Color o f rock chip 4 TR 5 /1
92
APPENDIX ARock Type 01 Kasaive Brown SandstoneThin Section Nunber 01/14Depth Below Surface (in feet) 70.6Gore tim ber G-9
C oapoaltion
M ineral Orain S ise
Clear quarts U ■ml l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 2S id e r ite 8 1. 0 .0744Carbonaceous n a tter - 2. 0 .1376Muscovite - 3 . 0 .2984S i l i c a cenent 4 4. 0 .1792C alc ite - 5. 0 .1816Chert 3 6 . 0 .1944S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .4728P yrlte - 8 . 0 .2856P lag ioclaee - 9 . 0 .1992K aolin - 10. 0 .1472Leuooxane - 11. 0 .2448Orthoelaae - 12. 0 .2 5 6 8C h lorite - 13. 0 .5360Micaceous rock frag. 1 14. 0 .1 0 4 8Zircon - 15 . 0 .1664M icrocline - 16. 0 .2744L in o s ite - 17. 0 .2616M agnetite - 18. 0 .0832B io t ite - 19. 0 .1 3 6 0R u tile - 20. 0 .0952Garnet -
T otal 100
3 .74862.86141 .7 4 4 72 .48042.46122 .36291 .08071 .80792 .32772.76422.03031.96130 .8 9 9 73.25432 .5873 1.8656 1 .93463 .5873 2.8783 3 .3929
Average g ra in s i s e in ma
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (a2 ) c a lcu la te d in 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .2165
2.4016
0.5880
4 IR 5 /1
93
APPENDIX ARock Typo 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Muaber 01/13Depth Belov Surface (in feet) 72.6Core Nunber G-9
C cnposltionM ineral
D usty quarts%
74
Grain
C lear quarts 7 anI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I H i t e -S id e r ite 10 1 . 0 .0 8 5 6Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0 .0 8 7 2M uscovite - 3 . 0 .2 4 4 8S i l i c a cenent 5 4 . 0 .2 8 8 8C a le ite - 5. 0 .2 2 5 6Chert 1 6 . 0 .0 7 1 2S e r ic it e - 7 . 0 .1 7 7 6P yrite - 8 . 0 .0 9 0 4P la g lo e la se - 9 . 0 .3 5 2 8K aolin - 1 0 . 0 .0 9 4 4Leucoxene - U . 0 .2 0 9 6O rthoelase 1 1 2 . 0 .1 7 0 4C h lorite - 13 . 0 .2 8 0 8Micaceous rock fra g . 1 14. 0 .2 7 5 2Zircon — 15 . 0 .2 8 7 2M ieroeline 1 16 . 0 .0 4 9 6H n o n ite - 17 . 0 .2 3 7 6M agnetite - 18 . 0 .2 5 7 6B io t ite - 19 . 0 .1 6 1 6R u tlie - 20. 0 .2 5 5 2
3321232313 2 2 1 1 14 2 1 2 1
Garnet
T o ta l 100
Average g r a in e ls e i n an 0 .1952
Average g r a in s i s e in 0 2 .5 4 9 1
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d i n 0 0 .6813
C olor o f rock ch ip 4 TR 5 /1
0
.5462
.5195
.0303
.7919
.1482
.8120
.4933
.4675
.5031
.4051
.2543
.5530
.8324
.8614
.7999
.3335
.0734
.9568
.6295
.9703
94
Rock Type 01
Thin S e c t io n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
APPENDIX AM assive Brown Sandstone
0 1 /1 6
7 7 .7
G-9
C cn p o sltlo n
M ineral G rain S is e
C lear quarts 7 BUSI lU t e - S ld e r l t e -
1111 te 1S ld e r lte 10 1. 0 .4 5 3 6Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0 .2 7 1 2M uscovite - 3 . 0 .1 5 2 8S i l i c a cenent 2 4 . 0 .2 3 9 2C a ld te - 5. 0 .4 4 9 6Chert 1 6 . 0 .2472S e r lc ite - 7 . 0 .2 0 6 4I^rrite - 8 . 0 .3016P la g lo c la se 1 9 . 0 .3792K aolin - 10. 0 .2 3 2 8Leucoxene - 1 1 . 0 .3 9 4 4O rthoclase 1 12. 0 .1912C h lorite - 13 . 0 .3 3 4 4M icaceous rock fra g . - 14 . 0 .1 4 3 2Zircon 2 15. 0 .0 4 4 0M icrocline 1 16 . 0 .1 8 4 0U n o n lte — 17. 0 .2096M agnetite - 18 . 0 .2 2 3 2B io t ite - 19 . 0 .1 9 2 0R u tile - 20. 0 .1912Garnet -
T ota l 100
1 .14051.88262 .71032 .0 6 3 71 .15332.01622.27651 .72931 .39902 .10281 .34232.38681 .58042 .8 0 3 94 .50642 .4 4 2 22 .25432.16362.38082.3868
Average g r a in e l s e I n wm
Average g r a in e l s e In 0
V ariance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0.2520
2.1361
0 .5472
4 YR 5 /1
V5
APPENDIX ARock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Number 01/17Depth Below Surface (in feet) 102.0Core Number G-9
Com positionM in era l i G rain S ize
D usty q u a r tz 330C le a r q u a r tz 7 mm
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 1S id e r i t e 5 1 . 0 .2792 1 .8406C arbonaceous m a tte r - 2 . 0 .3776 1.4051M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .3464 1.5295S i l i c a cement 3 4 . 0 .3768 1.4081C a lc i te - 5. 0 .2016 2 .3104C h ert - 6 . 0 .1904 2.3929S e r i c i t e - 7 . 0 .6816 0 .5 5 3 0P y r i te - 3 . 0 .1 7 4 4 2.5195P la g io c la s e - 9 . 0 .0584 4 .0979K aolin - 10 . 0 .2200 2.1844Leueoxene - 11 . 0 .3784 1 .4020O rth o c la se - 12. 0 .1184 3 .0783C h lo r i te — 13 . 0 .4392 1.1871M icaceous ro c k f r a g . - 14 . 0 .2544 1 .9748Z irco n - 15 . 0 .1928 2.3748K ic ro c lin e - 16. 0 .2424 2.C445l im o n ite - 17 . 0 .1216 3 .0398M agnetite - 1 8 . 0 .3432 1 .5429B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .1528 2.7103R u ti le - 2 0 . 0 .2040 2 .2934G arnet -
T o ta l 100
Average g ra in s iz e in am
Average g r a in s iz e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d i n 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .2677
2 .0945
0 .6330
4 YR 5 /1
96
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin S e c tio n Number 01 /18
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 47*9
Core Niseber 0 -9
Cosuaosition
M ineral Grain S it e
C lear q u arts 3 ■nI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l U t e 4S id e r it e 5 1. 0 .1736Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0 .3 5 0 4M uscovite - 3 . 0 .1424S i l i c a cenent 3 4 . 0 .1256C a lc ite - 5. 0 .2 2 0 8Chert - 6 . 0 .1704S e r ic i t e 1 7 . 0 .2288I > r ite - 8 . 0 .2656F la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .2392K aolin 1 10. 0 .2064Leucoxene — 11. 0 .2 1 6 0O rthoelase - 12. 0 .1792C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .1824M icaceous rock fra g . 1 14. 0 .2784Z ircon - 15 . 0 .1944M icroclin e — 16 . 0 .1992L ia o n ite - 17. 0 .3 4 4 8M agnetite - 18. 0 .2432B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .4752R u t ile - 20. 0 .2 2 2 4Garnet »
T ota l 100
21222221222221221212
Average g ra in s i s e in aei
Average g r a in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .2329
2.1728
0 .2028
4 YR 6 /1
.5262
.5129
.8120
.9931
.1792
.5530
.1278
.9127
.0637
.2765
.2109
.4804
.4548
.8448
.3629
.3277
.5362
.0398
.0734
.1688
APFSNDIX ARock Type 01 H asair* Brown Sandstone
Thin S ectio n Number 01 /19
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) AS.4
Core Number G-9
Com position
Mineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quarts 800Clear quarts 10 BBS
I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 3S id e r ite 1 1 . 0 .5896 0 .7622Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .1192 3.0685Muscovite — 3 . 0 .0 8 4 0 3 .57353 i l i c a cement 3 A. 1 .6936 -0 .7 6 0 1C a lc ite — 5. 0 .1688 2 .5666Chert 1 6. 0 .2 8 2 4 1 .8242S e r ie ite - 7 . 0 .2224 2 .1688P yrite - 8 . 0 .2120 2 .2379F la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .1440 2 .7959Kaolin 2 10. 0 .1 4 4 8 2 .7879Leucoxane _ 11. 0 .2536 1 .9794Q rthoelase — 12 . 0 .6232 0 .6 8 2 2C hlorite - 13 . 0 .3456 1 .5328Micaceous rock fr a g . - 14 . 0 .1 6 4 8 2.6012Zireon - 15. 0 .3312 1 .5942M icrod in e - 16. 0 .0672 3 .8954Limonite — 17. 0 .1 4 0 8 2.8283M agnetite - 18. 0 .2 9 4 4 1 .7642B ie t ite - 19. 0 .3592 1 .4771R u tile - 20 . 0 .2384 2 .0685Garnet -
T otal 100
Arerage g ra in s i s e in wm 0 .3 2 4 0
ire ra g e g r a in s i s e in 0 2 .0724
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d i n 0 1 .1288
C olor o f rock ch ip 4 IR 6 /1
93
APPSJCH A
Bock Type 01 Massive Brown Sandstone
Thin Section Humber 01/20Depth Below Surface (in f e e t ) 50.9Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral %D u st/ q u arts 75C lear q u arts 3I l l i t e - S i d e r i t eI l U t e 5S id e r i t e 4Carbonaceous m atterM uscoviteS i l i c a cement 3C a lc iteChert 2S e r ic i t ef^ r i t e 1P la g io c la s e 1K aolin 1LeucoxensOrthoolaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .ZirconK ier o c lin eLim oniteM agnetiteB lo t i t eR u tileGarnet
Grain S is e
1 .2.3 .4 .5.6 . 7 . 3. 9 .
10.11.12.13 .14 .15 .16. 17. i a .19 .20.
0 .0 6 2 40 .1 3 1 20 .19230 .10640 .25360.17600 .2 7 1 20 .14640 .4 0 2 40 .44030.19200 .1 6 3 20.11920 .23720 .21630 .14240 .3 3 4 30.10560 .16640 .5 4 6 4
2231
T o ta l 100
Average g ra in s i s e in w i 0 .2254
Average gra in s i s e in 0 2 .3569
V ariance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .6290
C olor o f rock ch ip 3 TR 6 /1
0
.0023
.9302
.3743
.2324
.9794
.5064
.3326
.7720
.3133
.1818
.3308
.6153
.0635
.7999
.2056
.8120
.3778>.2433.5373>.3720
99
k P fv m u . a
Rock Type 01 Massive Brown Sandstone
Thin S ection Number 01/21
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 51*2
Core Number G-9
CompositionMineral % Grain SizeDusty quarts 82Clear quartz 5 BBt 0I U i te -S id e r i t e -m i t e 2S id e r ite 6 1 . 0 .2 7 9 2 1 .8406Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .3192 1.6475Muscovite — 3 . 0 .1 6 1 6 2.6295S i l i c a cement 3 4. 0 .3024 1 .7255C a le ite - 5. 0 .5896 0 .7622Chert 1 6 . 0 .5768 0 .7939S e r ic ite - 7 . 0 .2744 1 .8656P yrlte - 8 . 0 .4152 1 .2681P lag ioelase 1 9 . 0 .2432 2 .0398Kaolin - 10. 0 .2 2 4 8 2.1533Leueoxene - 1 1 . 0 .2944 1 .7642Orthoelase — 12. 0 .1456 2 .7799C hlorite - 13. 0 .2 1 8 4 2 .1950Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .2176 2 .2002Zircon - 15. 0 .0912 3 .4548Ml croc l in e - 16. 0 .3968 1 .3335Limenite - 17 . 0 .2624 1 .9302M agnetite - 18. 0 .2 9 8 4 1 .7447B ic t i t e - 19 . 0 .2784 1 .8 4 4 8R u tile - 20 . 0 .1 5 1 2 2.7255Garnet -
Total 100
Average grain e ls e in an 0.2870
Average grain a ie e in 0 1.9349
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.4224
Color o f rock chip 2 IB, 6 /1
100
APPENDIX ARock Type 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin S ection Nuaber 01/22
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
6 4 .3
G-9
CompositionMineral * C
Dusty quarts 81Clear quarts 2 amI l l i t e - S id e r i t e -1111 t e 2S id er lte 2 1 . 0 .1512Carbonaceous n a tter - 2 . 0 .1424Muscovite — 3 . 0 .2 0 4 8S i l i c a cement 4 4 . 0 .2 6 1 6C a lc ite ~ 5. 0 .1712Chert 3 6. 0 .2168S e r lc ite - 7. 0 .2216P yrite - 8 . 0 .2 7 9 2F lag ioela se 3 9 . 0 .2256Kaolin 1 10 . 0 .4 9 6 8Leucoxene - 11. 0 .2552O rthodase 1 12 . 0.2256C hlorite 1 13. 0 .3 7 0 4Micaceous rock frag . - 1 4 . 0 .5824Zircon - 15. 0 .1 6 0 8M leroellne — 16. 0 .2 0 8 0Limonite - 17. 0 .2808Magnetite - 18 . 0 .3040B io t ite - 19. 0 .1376R u tile - 20 . 0 .3352Garnet -
Total 100
Grain S ise
2 .72552 .8 1 2 02 .28771 .93462 .54622.20562 .17401.84062 .14821 .00931 .97032 .14821 .43280 .7 7 9 92 .63672 .26531 .83241 .71792 .8 6 1 41 .5769
Average grain e ls e in wm
Average grain s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.2616
2.0453
0 .3142
5 TR 6 /1
101
APFBNDH ARock Typ* 01 Massive Brown SandstoneThin Section Nuiiber 01/23Depth Below Surface (in feet) 93.1Core Nusber G-9
CompositionM ineral %
Dusty quarts 33Clear quarts 21111 te -S id e r i t e I l l i t e 2S id e r ite 4Carbonaceous n a tte r MuscoviteS i l i c a cenent 2C a lc iteChert 2S er i c i t e^ r r lteF la g io c la se 2KaolinLeucoxeneO rthoclase 1C h lor ite 1M icaceous rock frag .Zircon 1M icroclineL inoniteM agnetiteB io t iteR u tileGarnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S ise
1 .2 .3 .4 .5.6 . 7. 3 . 9.
10.1 1 .12 .13.14.15.16. 17. 13.19.20.
0.35760.40640.22000.25840.19040.16640.14320.09120.23440.44160.35340.27120.05340.69120.70960.37630.32240.42400 .13920.7744
0
1.43361.29902.13441.95232.39292.53732.30393.45432.09301.17921.43041.33264.09790.53280.49491.40311.63311.23792.34430.3633
Average grain s i s e in tm
Average grain s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
" 0.3313
1.3706
0.9446
5 TR 6 /1
102
APPENDIX ARock Typo 01 M assive Brown Sandstone
Thin S e c t io n Nunber 0 1 /2 4
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nwber
9 8 .3
0 -9
C onpoaition
M ineral % G
Dusty quarts 83C lear q u arts 1 vmI l l i t e - S l d a r i t e -
I H i t e 1S id e r ite 5 1 . 0 .4 5 6 3Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2. 0 .0 6 4 8M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .3632S i l i c a cenent 6 4 . 0 .1944C a lc ite - 5. 0 .2 6 0 0Chert - 6 . 0 .2648S e r ic i t e - 7. 0 .1 5 0 4ferrite - 8 . 0 .3568P la g io c la e e 2 9 . 0 .1464K aolin - 10. 0 .1912Leucoxene - 1 1 . 0 .2680Q rthoclase - 12 . 0 .2632C h lo r ite 1 13. 0 .2 5 4 4Micaceous rock fr a g . - 14. 0 .0 6 6 4Zircon - 15 . 0 .3232M icrocline - 16 . 0 .29121.1 n o n it e - 17. 0 .2 0 6 4M agnetite - 13. 0 .1 8 8 0B io t i t e - 19. 0 .1592R u t ile - 20. 0 .2296Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ite
0
1 .13043.94791.46122 .3 6 2 91 .94341 .91702 .73311.48682 .77202 .38631 .89971 .92531 .97483 .91271 .62951 .77992.27652 .41122 .65112 .1228
Average g ra in s i s e in m 0 .2349
Average g r a in s i s e in 0 2 .2363
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .5241
C olor o f rock ch ip 5 IR 6 /1
103
APPENDIX. ARock Type 02 Bedded brown SandstoneThin Section Nunber 02/01Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nunber
60 .0
G-9
ConpoaitionM ineral % G
D usty quartz 74C lear qu arts 4 BitI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I H i t e 5S id e r ite 3 1. 0 .1064Carbonaceous m atter - 2. 0 .1 7 2 0M uscovite 2 3 . 0 .1 3 3 4S i l i c a cement 3 4 . 0 .0 9 7 6C a lc ite - 5. 0 .3832Chert - 6 . 0 .3056S e r ic i t e 2 7 . 0 .1544P y r ite - 3 . 0 .0 9 2 0P la g io c la s e 1 9. 0 .1 4 3 2K aolin - 10. 0 .1624Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .0 3 4 0O rthoelase - 12 . 0 .2232C h lo r ite - 13 . 0 .1256Micaceous rock fra g . 1 14. 0 .2 7 2 0Zircon 15 . 0 .0 9 3 4M icro c lin e — 16. 0 .3 5 5 2L in o n ite - 17 . 0 .2040M agnetite 18 . 0 .1 4 3 0B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .3203R u tile - 20. 0 .3 2 1 6Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S is e
0
3.23242 .53952 .35313 .35701 .3*331.71032 .69533 .44222 .30392 .62243.57352 .16362 .99311 .37*33 .34521.49332 .29342 .75631.64031 .6 3 6 7
Average g ra in s i s e in nn 0 .1954
Average g ra in s iz e in 0 2 .5207
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d i n 0 0 .5004
Color o f rock chip 4 IR 5 /1
104
APPENDIX ARock Type 02 Bedded Brown Sandstone
Thin S ec tio n Nunber 02 /02
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nunber
6 0 .1
G-9
Com positionM ineral
Dusty q u arts C lear q u arts I H i t e - S i d e r i t e I l l i t c S id e r iteCarbonaceous n a tte rM uscoviteS i l i c a cementC a lc iteChertS e r ic i t eP y r iteP la g io c la seK aolinleu coxen eO rthoclaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fra g .ZirconM icroclin eL in on iteM agnetiteB lo t i t eR u tileGarnet
Grain S ise
747
62
23
1.2 .3 .4 .5.6 .7 .8 . 9 .
10.11 .12 .13 .14 .15.16. 17 . 13.19 .20 .
0 .15760 .09040.20400 .27920 .21440 .0 3 6 40 .21520.11200 .26300 .2 1 3 40 .2 3 0 00.26720 .3 0 4 30 .23230 .1 3 4 40 .13440 .37840 .13240 .25630 .1 9 6 0
2321232312111222121
Total 100
Average gra in s iz e in on 0 .2106
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 2 .3504
V ariance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3426
C olor o f rock ch ip 5 YR 5 /1
0
.6657
.4675
.2934
.3406
.2216
.5328
.2162
.1534
.3997
.1950
.8365
.9040
.7141
.1023
.3954
.3954
.4020
.4543
.9613
.3511
105
APPENDIX A
Hook Typo 03 Pebbly Brown Sandstone
Thin S ectio n Nunber 03/01Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nunber
5 3 .1
G-9
C on p osltion
M ineral % G
Dusty q u arts 73C lear qu arts 7 mI l l l t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 1S id e r ite 9 1 . 0 .5136Carbonaceous m atter - 2 . 0 .1672M uscovite 2 3 . 0 .1032S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .1672C a lc ite - 5. 0 .3343Chert 1 6 . 0 .2552S e r ic i t e - 7 . 0 .1624P y r ite - 3 . 0 .1792P la g io c la s e - 9. 0 .0936K aolin - 10 . 0 .2416Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .3 1 5 2Q rthoelase - 12 . 0 .0 3 6 4C h lo r ite - 13 . 0 .1912M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14 . 0 .2376Zircon - 15. 0 .1864M ieroclin e - 16 . 0 .2112Li a o n ite - 17. 0 .1504M agnetite - 18 . 0 .2416B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .2344R u tile - 20. 2 .9 2 5 1Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ite
0 .96132 .53013.27652 .53041 .3 7 7 31.97032 .62242 .43043 .41732.0493 1 .6657 3 .5 3 2 3 2 .3363 2 .0734 2 .4235 2 .2433 2 .73312 .0493 2 .0 9 3 0
-1 .5 4 3 5
Average g ra in e l s e in m 0 .3 5 2 4
Average g r a in e l s e in 0 2 .1434
V ariance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 1 .1555
Color o f rock ch ip 4 TR 4 /1
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107
APPENDIX ARock Type 03 Pebbly Brown Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n Nunber 03/03
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 90 .3
Core Nunber 0-9
Com position
M ineral Grain 31se
Clear quarts 1 mmI H it s - S id e r i t e -
I H it e -
S id e r ite 1 1. 0 .3720Carbonaceous n a tte r - 2 . 0 .2672Muscovite — 3 . 0 .6384S i l i c a cement 5 4 . 0 .1936C a lc ite - 5. 1 .4392Chert - 6 . 0 .3296S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .3 0 3 2P yrite - 8 . 0 .4584P lag ioc la se 2 9. 0 .5 2 8 8Kaolin - 10. 0 .2016Leucoxene - 11. 0 .3312Orthoclase - 12. 0 .3 6 0 0C hlorite - 13. 0.3992Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .6 5 0 4Zircon - 15. 0 .2632M icrocline - 16. 0 .4416Limonite - 17. 0 .0856M agnetite - 18. 0 .4 3 8 4B lo t ite - 19. 1 .2944R u tile - 20. 0 .2840Garnet -
Total 100
0
1.42661 .9 0 4 00.64752.3688
-0 .5 2 5 31.60121 .72171.12530 .91922 .31041.59421 .47391 .32480.62061 .92581.17923 .54621 .1897
-0 .3 7 2 31.8160
Average g ra in s iz e in mo 0 .4640
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 1 .3899
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3258
Color o f rock ch ip 5 TR 3 /1
103
APPENDIX ARock Type 03 Pebbly Brown SandstoneThin S ec tio n Number 03/04
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 9 1 .0
Core Nunber 0-9
ComDoeitionM ineral % Grain S is e
D usty q u arts C lear quarts
392 Mk 0
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t eI l l i t eS id e r ite 5 1 . 0 .4376 1 .1923Carbonaceous m atter — 2 . 0 .5432 0 .8 8 0 4M uscovite - 3 . 0 .3316 1.3899S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .2 3 6 8 2 .0783C a ld t e — 5. 0 .2656 1 .9127Chert 1 6 . 0 .3 0 8 0 1 .6990S e r ic i t e — 7. 0 .6224 0 .6841P y r ite - 8 . 0 .9 3 9 2 0 .0905P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .4 4 3 8 1 .1559K aolin - 1 0 . 0 .4944 1.0162Leucoxene - 11. 0 .4 1 4 4 1 .2709O rthoclase — 12. 1 .9624 -0 .9 7 2 6C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .8344 0 .2612M icaceous rock fr a g . — 14. 0 .2 8 4 0 1 .8160Z ircon 1 15. 1 .0424 -0 .0 5 9 9M icroclin e ~ 16 . 0 .3176 1 .6547Lim onite — 17. 0 .2656 1 .9127M agnetite - 18. 0 .2 4 5 6 2 .0256B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .1224 3 .0303R u tile - 20. 0 .3134 1.6511Garnet
T otal 100
Average g ra in e l s e In aim 0 .3242
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 1 .2343
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .8263
Color o f rock ch ip 5 XR 3 /1
109
APPENDIX A
Sock Type 04 M assive Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n Nunber 04/01
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nunber
163 .9
G-9
Com position M ineral %
Duety q u artz 34
Grain S iz e
C lear q u arts 2 Ml
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 5S id e r it* - 1 . 0 .1592Carbonaceous m atter - 2 . 0 .1544M uscovite - 3 . 0 .1296S i l i c a cement I 4 . 0 .1232C a lc ite 3 5. 0 .2616Chert 1 6 . 0 .1 6 2 4S ex d cite - 7. 0 .0648P y r ite - 8. 0 .2664P la g io c la se - 9. 0 .3368K aolin 1 10. 0 .1768leu coxen e - 11. 0 .2352O rthoclase 2 12. 0 .1136C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .2160M icaceous rock fr a g . 1 14. 0 .1720Zircon - 15. 0 .2664M icroclin e - 16 . 0 .1592Lim onite - 17. 0 .1672M agnetite - 18. 0.1720B io t it e - 19 . 0 .2568R u tile - 20. 0 .3048
22231231 12 2 3 2 212 2 2 I I
Garnet
Total 100
Average g ra in s iz e in nn 0 .1949
Average g ra in s iz e in 0 2.4565
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3206
Color o f rock ch ip N 5
0
.6511
.6953
.9479
.0209
.9346
.6224
.9479
.9083
.5700
.4998
.0380
.1330
.2109
.5395
.9083
.6511
.5804
.5395
.9613
.7141
110
APPENDIX AHock Type 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/02Depth Below Surface (in feet) 169.6Core Number G-9
Com position
Mineral 4 C
Dusty quartz 79C lear quartz 2 mmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 13S id e r lte 1 1 . 0 .1 9 9 2Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .3 2 1 6M uscovite - 3 . 0 .5 2 8 8S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .2 3 2 8C a lc ite 1 5. 0 .1752Chert - 6 . 0 .1 7 0 4Seri c i t e - 7. 0 .3 7 6 8P yrite - 8 . 0 .1752P la g io c la se - 9. 0 .2968Kaolin - 10. 0 .4 7 4 4Leucoxene 1 11. 0 .1 4 3 2O rthoclase 1 12 . 0 .1912C h lorite - 1 3 . 0 .1 1 8 4M icaceous rock fra g . - 14 . 0 .5 0 5 6Zircon - 15. 0 .1832M ierocline — 1 6 . 0 .1 2 8 8Limonite - 17. 0 .1 5 3 6M agnetite - 18. 0 .1 3 4 4B io t ite - 19. 0 .2432R u tile - 20 . 0 .1 7 3 6Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S iz e
2 .32771 .63670 .91922 .1 0 2 82 .5129 2 .5 5 3 0 1 .40812 .5129 1 .7 5 2 4 1 .0758 2 .3 0 3 9 2.3868 3 .0733 0 .9 8 3 9 2 .44«5 2 .9 5 6 8 2 .7027 2 .8 9 5 4 2 .0 3 9 8 2.5262
Average g ra in s i s e in mm 0 .2463
Average g r a in s i s e in 0 2 .1812
V ariance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d i n 0 0 .4495
C olor o f rock ch ip N 6
I l l
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 Ha* si to Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/03Depth Belov Surface (in feet) 170.5Cor* Number G-9
CompositionM ineral % Grain SizeDusty quartz 63Clear quartz U xm 0I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 3S id e r ite 1 1 . 0 .2328 2 .1028Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .1 2 4 0 3 .0116Muscovite 4 3. 0 .1304 2 .9390S i l ic a cement 1 4. 0 .1264 2 .9 8 3 9C alcite 2 5. 0 .1112 3 .1688Chert 1 6 . 0 .1160 3-1078S e r ic ite 3 7. 0 .1 8 3 2 2.4435P yrite 1 3. 0 .1320 2 .9 2 1 4P lag ioclase - 9 . 0 .0888 3 .4933Kaolin - 10. 0 .1336 2 .9040Leucoxene 1 11 . 0 .0744 3 .7486O rthodase - 12. 0 .1 4 0 0 2.8365C hlorite - 13. 0 .0968 3 .3688Micaceous rock frag. - 14 . 0 .0928 3 .4297Zircon 1 15 . 0 .1528 2 .7103M ieroeline 2 1 6 . 0*0544 4 .2002Limonite 1 17. 0 .1072 3 .2216M agnetite - 13 . 0 .1272 2 .9748B io t ite - 19. 0 .1 3 6 0 2 .8783R u tile - 20. 0 .1400 2 .3365Garnet —
T otal 100
Average g ra in s iz e In am 0 .1 2 5 0
Average g ra in a is e in 0 3 .0643
Variance (s^ ) ca lc u la te d in 0 0 .2023
Color o f rock ch ip N 6
112
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/04Depth Below Surface (in feet) 170.7Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral % CD usty quartz 62C lear quartz 5 nmI l l i t e - S i de r i te -I l l i t e 18S id e r ite 1 1. 0 .1096Carbonaceous m atter - 2 . 0 .0872M uscovite 3 3 . 0 .1032S i l i c a cement 1 4 . 0 .1576C a lc ite 6 5. 0 .1248Chert 1 6 . 0 .1240S e r ic i t e 2 7. 0 .0760^ r r ite - 8 . 0 .1624P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .0976K aolin - 10 . 0 .1128leucoxene - 11 . 0 .1432Q rthoclase 1 12. 0 .1456C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .0984Micaceous rock fra g e ** 14. 0 .14324 ircon - 15. 0 .0904M icroclin e - 16. 0 .1 4 2 4Lim onite - 17. 0 .1624M agnetite - 18 . 0 .2256B io t i t e - 19. 0 .1592R u tile - 20 . 0 .0992Garnet -
T ota l 100
Average g ra in s iz e in mm 0
Average g ra in s iz e in 0 3
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0
Color o f rock chip
Grain S ize
3.13973.51953.27652 .66573.00233.01163 .71792 .6224 3 .35703 .14822 .8039 2 .7799 3 .34522 .8039 3.4675 2 .81202 .62242.1482 2.6J11 3 .3335
N 6
113
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/05Depth Below Surface (in feet) 242.1Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral *
Dusty quarts 81C lear quarts 2I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 7S id e r ite -
Carbonaceous matter -
Muscovite 1S i l i c a cement 2C a lc ite -
Chert 2S e r ie it e 2Pyrite -P la g io c la se -
Kaolin -Leucoxene 1O rthoclase 2C h lorite -Micaceous rock frag . -Zircon -M icrocline -
Limonite -M agnetite -R lo tite -
R u tile -
Garnet —
Total 100
Grain S is e
mm
1 . 0 .63362 . 0 .21523 . 0 .08084. 0 .07365. 0 .04246 . 0 .05927. 0 .07523. 0 .2 4 9 69 . 0 .1176
10 . 0 .106411. 0 .0 9 9 212. 0 .2 2 4 813. 0 .1 0 2 414. 0 .257615. 0 .082416. 0 .072817. 0 .150418. 0 .0 4 0 819 . 0 .170420. 0 .1312
Average g ra in s i s e in mm 0 .1493
Average g ra in s i s e i n 0 3 .0953
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .9442
Color o f rock ch ip N 7
0
.65342.21623 .62953 .76424 .55984.07833 .7331 2.0023 3 .0 8 8 0 3 .2 3 2 4 3.3335 2 .1533 3 .2877 1 .9568 3 .6012 3 .7 7 9 92 .7331 4.6153 2 .5530 2 .9302
114
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 04 Ha a a ir* Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n Number 04 /06
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 247*3
Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral % (Dusty quarts 86Clear quarts 3 n*I l l i t e - S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e 6S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .2024Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0.1016Muscovite - 3 . 0 .1672S i l ic a cement 2 4 . 0 .3576C a lc ite - 5. 0.2744Chert - 6 . 0 .1008Seri c i t e - 7 . 0 .1048P yrite - 8 . 0 .3216P la g io c la se 2 9. G.07Q4Kaolin - 10. 0 .1192Leucoxene 1 U . 0 .0 9 8 4O rthoclase - 12. 0 .1616C h lorite - 13 . 0 .1816Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .0936Zircon - 15. 0 .1384M lcrocline - 16. 0 .2072Limonite - 17. 0 .0744M agnetite — 18 . 0 .1128B io t ite — 19 . 0 .1 2 4 0R u tile - 20. 0 .1064Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain £ i* e
0
2.30473 .29902 .58041.43361 .36563 .31043 .25431 .63673 .82833 .06853 .34522 .62952.46123 .41732 .8 5 3 12.27093 .74863 .14823.01163 .2324
Average g ra in s i s e in a s
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock ch ip
0 .1539
2 .8375
0 .4436
N 7
115
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 Massire Gray SandstoneThin Seetion Nunber 04/07Depth Below Surface (in feet) 252.3Core Nunber G-9
Composition
M ineral % C
Dusty quartz 73C lear q u arts 10 anI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 7S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .1232Carbonaceous n a tte r «■* 2 . 0 .1123M uscovite - 3 . 0 .0992S i l i c a cenent 4 4 . 0 .2864C a lc ite - 5 . 0 .1152Chert 2 6 . 0 .2152S e r ic i t e - 7 . 0 .0643P y r ite - 3 . 0 .1216P la g io c la se 2 9. 0 .2792Kaolin 1 10 . 0 .1 3 3 4Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .1696Ortho c l a se - 12 . 0 .1608C h lo r ite - 1 3 . 0 .1736M icaceous rock fr a g . 1 14. 0 .1443Zircon - 15 . 0 .0856M icroclin e - 16 . 0 .0 9 2 0Lim oaitc - 17. 0 .2176M agnetite - 13 . 0 .1384B io t i t e - 1 9 . 0 .1936R u tile - 20 . 0 .0832Garnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S is e
0
3 .02093 .14323.33351 .30393 .11732 .21323 .94793 .03931 .34062.3531 2 .5593 2.6367 2.5262 2 .7379 3 .5462 3 .4422 2.20022 .3531 2.3688 3 .5373
Average g ra in s i s e in en
Average g ra in s i z e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock ch ip
0.1508 2 .3415
0 .3394
N 7
116
AFF3NDIX ARock Typo 04 Masai to Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/08Depth Below Surface (in feet) 256.0Core Nunber G-9
C om position
% (
Dusty quarts 76Clear quarts 8 aaI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 9S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .2038Carbonaceous matter - 2. 0 .0832M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .0 5 2 0S i l ic a cement 5 4 . 0 .0696C a lc ite - 5. 0 .2144Chert - 6 . 0 .2352S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .1 3 4 4f y r i t e - 8 . 0 .2232P lag ioclase - 9. 0 .0984Kaolin - 10. 0 .1638Leucoxene - 11. 0 .4 6 4 3Ortboclase - 12 . 0 .1776C hlorite - 13. 0 .3 0 6 4Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .1272Zircon - 15. 0 .1 1 1 2M icrocline - 16. 0 .0832l ia o n i t e 1 17 . 0 .5736M agnetite - 18. 0 .1 1 6 3BLotite - 19 . 0 .5392R u tile - 20. 0 .2216Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ise
234 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 c 3 0 2
Average gra in s i s e in m i 0.2105
Average grain s i s e in 0 2.5619
Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .9310
C olor o f roek ch ip N 7
0
.2598
.5373
.2653.3443.2216.0880.8954.1636.3452.5666.1053.4933.7065
1.97431.1688.58731.80191.09791.89111.1740
117
APPENDIX ARock T y p e 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/09Depth Below Surface (in feet) 146.4Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral 4Dumty quarts 79C lear quartz 5I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
111119 3S id e r it e 4Carbonaceous m atter —
M uscovite 1S i l i c a cement 2C a lc ite 1Chert -
S e r ic i t e -
P y r ite -P la g io c la se 2K aolin 1Leucoxene -
O rthoclase —
C h lo r ite 2M icaceous rock fr a g . -
Zircon -
M icrooline -
lim o n ite •
M agnetite -
E d o tite -
R u tile -
Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ize
mm 0
1. 0 .1 5 7 6 2 .6 6 5 72 . 0 .1672 2.53043- 0 .2 3 0 4 2 .11784 . 0 .1 8 2 4 2 .45435. 0 .3856 1 .37486. 0 .1372 2 .41737 . 0 .0883 3 .49333 . 0 .1 9 3 4 2.33359 . 0 .1640 2 .6082
10 . 0 .1 2 2 4 3 .030311 . 0 .0696 3 .344312. 0 .1504 2 .733113. 0 .4584 1 .125314. 0 .2336 2 .097915 . 0 .2 2 0 8 2 .179216. 0 .2 1 6 0 2 .210917. 0 .4256 1 .2 3 2 413. 0 .2312 2 .112819. 0 .2 7 1 2 1.882620. 0 .1368 2 .3699
Average g ra in s iz e in mm 0 .2149
Average g ra in s i t e in 0 2 .3682
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .4627
Color o f rock ch ip N 7
118
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 04 Mas s ir e Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n Number 0 4 /1 0
Depth Below S u rfa c e ( in f e e t )
Core Number
1 4 9 .0
G-8
CompositionM ineral G ra in S ize
Clear quartz 3 mmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 2S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .1968Carbonaceous matter - 2. 0 .2792M uscovite - 3 . 0 .2744S i l ic a cement 3 4. 0 .2600C a lc ite - 5. 0 .1504Chert 1 6 . 0 .2224S e r ic ite - 7 . 0 .2256Pjrrite - 8 . 0 .4 3 0 4P la g io c la se 3 9. 0 .1128Kaolin 1 10 . 0 .3536Leucoxene - 11. 0 .3992Qrthoclase - 12 . 0 .5664C h lorite - 13 . 0 .3 6 4 0Micaceous rock frag . - 14 . 0 .2923Zircon — 15. 0 .2168M icrocline - 16. 0 .1592Limonite - 17 . 0 .2744M agnetite - 18. 0 .3672B io t ite - 19. 0 .4176R u tile — 20. 0 .1640
0
2 .3452 1.8406 1.8656 1 .9434 2 .7331 2.1688 2.1482 1 .2163 3 .1482 1 .4998 1 .3248 0 .8201 1 .4580 1 .7 7 2 0 2.2056 2 .6511 1.8656 1 .4454 1.2598 2.6082
Total 100
Average g r a in s iz e in mn 0 .2864
Average g ra in size in 0 1 .9160
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3526
Color o f rock ch ip N 7
119
APPOfDIX ARock Typo 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin S e c tio n Number 04 /11
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 152 .6
Core Number G-8
C om position
M in e ra l % C
Dusty q u a r tz 79C le a r q u a r tz 5 HjilI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 12S i d e r i t e - 1 . 0 .1776C arbonaceous m a tte r - 2 . 0 .1368M uscovite - 3 . 0 .2024S i l i c a cement 1 4 . 0 .1328C a le i te - 5. 0 .1024C h ert - 0 . 0 .1208S e r i c i t e - 7 . 0 .4896P y r i te - 8. 0 .0 4 6 4P la g io c la s e 1 9. 0 .1832K ao lin - 10. 0 .1944Leucoxene - 11. 0 .2568O rth o c la se - 12. 0 .2 0 1 6C h lo r i te - 13. 0 .2584M icaceous ro e k f r a g . 1 14. 0 .1 9 8 4Z irc o n - 15. 0 .9672M ic ro c lin e - 16. 0 .3528L im onite - 17. 0 .4472M ag n e tite - 18. 0 .3992B io t i t e 1 19. 0.2232R u t i le - 20. 0 .1416G arnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ize
0
2.4933 2 .3699 2 .3047 2.9127 3 .2377 3 .0493 1 .0303 4 .4297 2.4485 2 .3629 1.9613 2 .3104 1 .9523 2.3335 0 .0431 1 .5031 1.1610 1 .3243 2.1636 2 .8201
Average g ra in s iz e in mm
Average g r a in s iz e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f roek ehip
0.2616
2 .2384
0.8870
N 7
120
APPENDIX A
Sock Type 04 M assive Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c t io n Number 04/12
Depth B elov Surface ( in f e e t ) 154 .1
Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral %Dusty quartz 69C lear qu arts 9I l l i t o - S i d e r i t eI l l i t e 16S id e r iteCarbonaceous m atter M uscovite 1S i l i c a oement 1C a lc ite ChertS e r ic i t e 1P y r iteF la g io c la se 2K aolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .Z ircon M icroclin e Lim onite M agnetiteB io t i t e 1H u tileGarnet
Grain S ize
am
1.2 .3 .4 .5.6 .7 .8 . 9.
10 .11 .12 .13 .14.15 .16.17.18.19.20.
0 .0 9 0 40.13680 .09760.06320 .14320.17200 .17920 .30240 .14640.08720 .24320 .46640.08960.11120 .19120 .33340 .11280.16720 .13040 .1376
0
3.46752.86993 .35703 .93392 .80392.53952 .4804 1 .7255 2 .7720 3.51952 .03981 .03983 .4804 3.1688 2.3868 1 .5632 3 .1482 2.5304 2 .9390 2.8614
T ota l 100
Average g ra in s iz e in on 0.1713
Average g ra in s iz e in 0 2.7363
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .5312
Color o f rock ch ip N 6
121
APPBNDUC ARock Type 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/13Depth Below Surface (in feet) 158.0Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral % C
Dusty quarts 74Clear quartz 6 mmI l l i t e - S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e 12S id er ite - 1 . 0 .1832Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .2576Muscovite 1 3. 0 .3184S i l i c a cement 3 4 . 0 .1656C a lc ite - 5. 0 .1976Chert 1 6 . 0 .2 1 8 4S e r ic ite 3 7. 0 .2312P yrite - 8 . 0 .1488F la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .2 0 6 4Kaolin - 10. 0 .1160Leucoxene - 11. 0 .1 0 2 4O rthoelase - 12. 0 .2 1 6 0C hlorite - 13. 0 .0712Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .1 2 2 4Zircon - 15. 0 .0952M icrocline - 16 . 0 .3776Limoni t e - 17 . 0 .1144Magnetite - 18. 0 .2552B io t ite - 19. 0 .1344R u tile - 20 . 0 .1592Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ise
0
2.44851 .95681.6511 2 .5942 2 .3393 2 .1950 2 .1128 2.7486 2 .2765 3.1078 3 .2877 2 .2109 3 .8 1 2 0 3 .0303 3 .3929 1 .4051 3 .1278 1 .9703 2 .89542 .6511
Average g r a in s i s e in mm
Average g r a in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.1846
2 .5607
0.3821
N 6
122
APPENDIX ARoek Type 04 Massive Grey SandstoneThin Section Number 04/14Depth Below Surface (in feet) 158.6Core Number G-8
Com position
Mineral i (
Dusty quarts 66Clear quarts 7 mI l l i t e - S id e r i t e -m i t e 13S id e r ite 2 1 . 0 .1843Carbonaceous matter 1 2 . 0 .1 2 2 4M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .1032S i l ic a cement 2 4 . 0 .1144C alc ite 1 5. 0 .0 9 3 4Chert - 6. 0 .0432S e r ic ite ■» 7 . 0 .2072P yrite - 8 . 0 .2864P lag ioc la se - 9 . 0 .1360Kaolin - 10 . 0 .1 7 8 4Leucoxene 1 11 . 0 .1656Qrthoelase 1 12. 0 .3952C hlorite - 13 . 0 .3936Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .1 4 0 8Zirvon - 15. 0 .0496M icrocline — 16 . 0 .0728L lnonlte - 17. 0 .3 4 6 4M agnetite - 18 . 0 .1840B io tite - 19. 0 .0496R u tile - 20. 0 .1232Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S is e
2.43603.03033 .27653 .12733 .3452 4 .5328 2.2709 1 .8039 2.8783 2 .4868 2 .5942 1 .33931 .3452 2 .82834 .3335 3 .7300 1 .5295 2.44224.3335 3 .0209
Average g ra in s i s e in sun 0 .1693
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 2 .8363
Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3904
C olor o f rock ch ip N 6
123
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 M assive Gray Sandstone
Thin S ec tio n Number 04 /15
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
1 6 2 .1
G-8
Com position
Mineral % C
Dusty quartz 63Clear quartz 81111t e -S id e r it e -I H it e 22S id er ite - 1 . 0 .1040Carbonaceous matter 1 2. 0 .0688Muscovite 1 3 . 0 .1144S i l ic a cement 1 4 . 0 .1576C a le ite — 5. 0 .2848Chert 2 6 . 0 .1363S e r ie ite 1 7 . 0 .2304P yrite - 8 . 0 .2056P la g io c la se 1 9. 0 .2392Kaolin - 10. 0 .2168Leucoxene - U . 0 .0496Q rthoelase - 12. 0 .5 2 7 2C hlorite - 13. 0 .1368Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .2104Zircon - 15. 0 .1752M icrocline - 16. 0 .3064Limonite - 17 . 0 .0 5 8 4M agnetite - 18. 0 .1 3 6 8B io t ite - 19. 0 .0648R utile - 20. 0 .0792Garnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S ise
0
3 .26533 .86143 .12782 .66571 .81202 .8699 2.1178 2 .2821 2 .0637 2 .2056 4 .3335 0 .92362 .8699 2 .2488 2 .5 1 2 9 1.7065 4 .09792 .8699 3 .9479 3 .6534
Average gra in s i s e in on
Average gra in s iz e in 0
V ariance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0.1752
2 .7720
0 .8035
N 6
124
APPENDIX ARock Typo 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 04/16Depth Below Surface (in feet) 164.3Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral % C
Dusty quartz 78Clear quartz 9 amI l l i t e - S id e r i t e -I l l i t e 9S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .1552Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 4 .0942M uscovite - 3 . 0 .3544S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0.1416C a lc ite _ 5. 0 .1192Chert 1 6 . 0 .0392S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .2963P yrite - 8 . 0 .1552F la g io c la se - 9. 0 .2672Kaolin - 10. 0 .2256Leucoxene 1 11 . 0 .1472O rthoclase 2 12. 0 .3 3 2 0C h lorite - 13. 0 .1432Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .1216Zircon - 15. 0 .1552M icrocline - 16. 0 .4656Limonite - 17. 0 .3 7 6 0M agnetite - 18. 0.2392B io t ite - 19. 0 .5128R u tile - 20. 0 .1944Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ize
0
2.6878-2 .0 3 3 6
1 .49652.82013.06854 .67301 .75242.68781 .90402.14822.76421 .59072 .80393 .03982.68781 .10281 .41122 .06370.96352 .3629
Average g r a in s iz e in m
Average g ra in s iz e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock ch ip
0.4268
2 .0998
1.6650
a 6
APPENDIX ARock Type 04 Massive Gray SandstoneThin S ec tio n Number 04 /17
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 167 .2
Core Number
CompositionM ineral %Dusty quarts 74C lear quartz 3I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e —
I l l i t e 9S id e r ite 1Carbonaceous m atter -
M uscovite 1S i l i c a cement 2C a lc ite -
Chert 4S e r ic i t e -
P y r ite 2F la g io c la se 3K aolin -
Leucoxene -
O rthoclase —
C h lo r ite 1M icaceous ro ck f r a g . —
Zircon —
M icroclin e -
Lim onite -
M agnetite -
B io t i t e -
R u tile —
Garnet -
T ota l loo
Average gra in s iz e in mm
Average g ra in s iz e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la te d
Color o f rock chip
G~ S
Grain S ize
SB 0
1. 0 .0728 3 .7799m 0 .1776 2.4933
3. 0 .1 1 8 4 3 .07334 . 0 .0872 3.51955. 0 .1144 3 .12736 . 0 .3712 1.42977. 0 .0880 3 .50643. 0 .1144 3.12789. 0 .1216 3 .0398
10. 0 .2104 2.248811. 0 .1776 2 .493312. 0 .2784 1 .844813. 0 .1304 2.939014. 0.0976 3 .357015. 0 .0648 3 .947916. 0 .5672 0 .318117 . 0 .2648 1 .917018. 0 .0808 3-629519. 0 .0840 3.573520. 0.2904 1 .7339
0 .1756
2.7828
n 0 0 .7514
N 6
126
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 05 Bedded Gray SandstoneThin S e c tio n Number 05 /01
Depth Below S u rface ( in f e e t ) 119 .5
Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral %
Dusty quartz 53
G rain S ize
Clear quartz 4 mmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I H i t e 18S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .1432Carbonaceous m atter 2 2. 0 .0720M uscovite 1 3 . 0.1368S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0.0976C a lc ite 8 5. 0 .1064Chert 1 b . 0 .1320S e r ic i t e 5 7. 0 .0760P y r ite - 8. 0 .0880P la g io c la a e - 9. 0 .0864K aolin - 10. 0 .1840Leucoxene - 11. 0 .1352O rthoclaae - 12. 0 .1176C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .1264Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0904Zircon - 15. 0.0888M icrocline - 16. 0.2024Lim onite 1 17. 0 .1072M agnetite - 18. 0 .1016B io t ite - 19. 0 .0800R u tile - 20. 0.3464
0
2 .8 0 3 9 3 .7959 2 .3 6 9 9 3 .3570 3 .2324 2 .9214 3.717V 3 .5064 3•5328 2 .4422 2 .8368 3 .0830 2 .9839 3.4675 3 .4933 2 .3047 3.2216 3.2990 3 .6439 2 .7720
G arnet
T o ta l 100
Average g ra in s iz e i n mm 0 .1159
A verage g r a in s iz e i n 0 3 .1670
V ariance ( s ^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .1714
C olor o f rock ch ip N 6
APPENDIX
Rock Type 05
Thin S ectio n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in
Core Number
Com positionM ineral %Dusty quartz 55C lear quartz 1I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 21S id e r ite 1Carbonaceous m atterM uscovite 7S i l i c a cement <1
C a lc ite 1Chert -
S e r ic i t e 5P y r ite -P la g io c la se 2Kaolin -
Leucoxene 1O rthoclase 1C h lo r ite 1M icaceous rock fr a g . -
Zircon -
M icroclin e -
Lim onite -
M agnetite -
B io t i t e -
R u tile -
Garnet -
T ota l 10C
Average gra in s iz e in mn
Average gra in s iz e in 0
Varianca (s^ ) c a lc u la te d
Color o f rock chip
117
Bedded Gray Sandstone
05/02
t ) 155.1
G-9
G rain S ize
nan 0
1 . 0 .0821 3.60122. 0 .0560 4 .15343 . 0 .1008 3 .31044 . 0 .1523 2.71035. 0.1056 3.24336 . 0 .1504 2 .73317. 0.0792 3 .65348 . 0 .1424 2.81209. 0 .0720 3 .7959
10. 0 .0904 3.467511. 0 .0976 3 .357012. 0 .1448 2 .737913. 0.0734 3.673014. 0 .0656 3 .930215. 0 .1120 3.158416. 0 .0712 3.812017. 0 .0616 4 .020913. 0.1264 2.933919. 0 .1368 2 .869920. 0.1032 3.2765
0 .1015
3 .3630
0 0 .2072
N 6
128
APPENDIX ARock Type 05 Bedded Gray S andstone
Thin S e c tio n Number 05/03
Depth Below S u rface ( in f e e t ) 165*3
Core Number G-9
C om position
M inera l * G rain S ise
D usty q u a r tz 55C le a r q u a r tz 3 cun 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 13S id e r i t e 6 1. 0 .1 4 5 6 2.7799C arbonaceous m a tte r 2 2 . 0 .0640 3 .9658M uscovite 2 3. 0 .1640 2.6082S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .0872 3 .5195C a lc i te 5 5. 0 .1112 3 .1688C h ert 4 6 . 0 .1734 2 .4863S e r i c i t e 1 7. 0 .0848 3 .5598P y r i te - 8 . 0 .1216 3 .0398P la g io c la s e 1 9. 0 .1048 3 .2543K aolin 3 10. 0 .0883 3.4933Leucoxene - 11. 0 .1616 2.6295O rth o c la se - 12. 0 .0664 3 .9127C h lo r i te - 13. 0 .0992 3.3335M icaceous ro ck f r a g . - U . 0 .0672 3 .8954Z irco n - 15. 0 .1272 2 .9748M ic ro c lin e - 16. 0 .1464 2 .7 7 2 0L im onite 1 3 7. 0 .0952 3 .3929M ag n e tite 1 18. 0 .0808 3.6295B io t i t e - 19. 0 .1792 2 .4 8 0 4R u ti le 1 20. 0 .0864 3.5328G arns c. -
T o ta l 100
Average gra in s iz e i n mm
Average g ra in s iz e i n 0
Variance (a 2 ) c a lc u la te d I n 0
Color o f rock c h ip
0 .1130
3.2215
0 .2305
N 6
129
APPENDIX ARock Type 05 Bedded fra y Sandstone
Thin S ectio n Number 05/0*+
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t )
Core Nunber
2 0 1 .0
0-9
Com position
M ineral
D usty quartz
%
51
Grain S ize
C lear quartz 3 mmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 19S id e r ite 3 1. 0 .0456Carbonaceous m atter 3 2. 0 .0 6 6 4M uscovite 5 3 . 0 .0504S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .0432C a lc ite 9 5. 0 .0 7 2 0Chert - 6 . 0 .0736S e r ic i t e 2 7 . 0 .0 6 2 4P y r ite - 3 . 0 .0704F la g io c la se 1 9 . 0 .0792K aolin - 10. 0 .0936Leucoxene 1 11. 0 .0464O rthoclaee — 12 . 0 .0848C h lo r ite 1 13 . 0 .0656M leaceous rock fr a g . - 14. 0 .0520Zircon - 1 5 . 0 .0816M icro clin e - 16. 0 .0 8 8 8Lim onite - 17. 0 .0688M agnetite - 18. 0 .0896B io t i t e - 19. 0 .1048R u tlie - 20. 0 .0664
0
4-454S3 .9127 4 .3104 4 .5328 3.7959 3 .7642 4.0023 3 .3233 3 .65S4 3.4173 4 .4297 3 .5598 3 .9302 4 .2653 3 .6153 3.4933 3 .8614 3 .4804 3 .25433 .9127
Garnet
Total 100
Average g ra in s iz e in an 0 .0703
Average g ra in s i z e in 0 3*8740
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .1353
Color o f rock ch ip N 6
130
APPMDH ARook Type 05Thin Section NumberDepth Belov Surface (in feet)Core Number
%Dusty quartz 52C lear quartz 9I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I l l i t e 9S id e r ite 1 1 .Carbonaceous m atter 1 2 .M uscovite 3 3 .S i l i c a cement 4 4 .C a lc ite 18 5.Chert 1 6 .S e r ic i t e - 7 .P y r ite - 8 .P la g io c la s e - 9 .K aolin 1 10 .Leucoxene - 11.O rthoclaae - 12.C h lo r ite - 13 .M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14.Zircon 1 15 .M icroclin e - 16.L la o n lte - 17.M agnetite - 18.B io t i t e - 19 .R a t l le - 20 .Garnet -
T ota l 100
Bedded Gray Sandstone
C5/05
2 2 0 .3
0 -9
g ra in S ise
mm
0 .0 9 8 40 .0 8 1 60 .10800 .0 3 3 60 .0 5 8 40 .1 0 2 40 .04400 .05760 ,0 6 6 40 .07520 .0 8 0 8O.O6640 .1 3 9 20 .0 5 6 80 .03520 .08160 .0 4 2 40.06000.05360 .0712
3.34523.6153 3 .2109 4 .8 9 5 4 4 .0 9 7 9 3 .2877 4 .5064 4 .11783 .9127 3.7331 3.62953 .9127 2 .8448 4.1380 4 .82833 .6153 4 .5 5 9 8 4 .0589 4.2216 3 .8120
Average gra in s iz e in mm
Average gra in s i s e in $
V ariance (s2 ) c a lc u la te d in #
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .0706
3.9172
0.2876
V 6
131
APPENDIX AHock Type 05 Bedded Grey Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n Number 0 5 /0 6
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 122 ,2
Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral % 1
Dusty q u a rts 55C lear q u arts 8 wmI U i t e - S i d e r i t e -
tL L ite 14S id e r lte - 1 . 0 .0 4 4 6Carbonaceous m atter 3 2 . 0 .0402M uscovite 4 3 . 0 .0 7 8 6S i l i c a cement 3 4 . 0 .0 6 4 8C a ld t e 11 5. 0 .0946Chert - 6 . 0 .0 4 6 6S e r ic i t e 2 7. 0 .0430P y r ite - 8 . 0 .0 6 1 8F la g io c la s e - 9. 0 .0 5 4 0K aolin - 10. 0 .0488Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0 6 3 6Q rthoclase - 12. 0 .0 8 1 4C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .0552M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14. 0 .0 4 9 0Zircon - 15 . 0 .0496M icroclin e — 16 . 0 .0 4 4 6L im onite — 17. 0 .0626M agnetite - 18. 0 .0 6 9 4B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .0 6 6 0R u tile - 20. 0 .0560Garnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S iae
0
4.486B 4 .6367 3.6693 3 .9479 3 .4020 4.4235 4 .5395 4.0162 4 .2109 4 .3 5 7 0 3 .974ft 3.6188 4 .1792 4 .3511 4.3335 4 .4868 3 .9977 3 .8489 3 .9214 4 .1584
Average gra in s ia e in ma.
Average gra in s ia e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .0 5 8 7
4 .1 2 8 0
0 .1121
N 6
132
AFFKMDIX ARock 'Type 05 Bedded Gray SandstoneThin Section Number 05/07Depth Below Surface (in feet) 124.8Core Number G-8
Com position
M ineral %Dusty q u arts 47C lear quartz 7I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
l l l i t e 20S id e r lte 3Carbonaceous m atter 5M uscovite 5S i l i c a cement 4C a lc ite 7Chert —
S e r ic it e 1P y r ite -
F la g io c la se -
K aolin -
Leucoxene —O rthoclase —
C h lo r ite —
M icaeeous rock fra g . —
Zircon -
M icroclin e —
Lim onite 1M agnetite -
B io t it e -
R u tile —
Garnet —
T o ta l 100
Grain S iae
rim 0
1. 0 .0 5 6 4 4 .14822 . 0 .0 7 1 0 3.81603 . 0 .0362 4 .78794. 0 .0376 4 .7 3 3 15. 0 .0 7 1 8 3.79996 . 0 .0526 4 .24887. 0 .0 3 7 0 4.75636 . 0 .0338 4 .88689 . 0 .0516 4.2765
10. 0 .0 2 8 4 5.138011. 0 .0300 5 .058912. 0 .0 5 4 4 4.200213. 0 .0 2 1 8 5.519514. 0 .0542 4 .205615 . 0 .0 4 7 4 4 .3 9 9 016 . 0 .0622 4 .006917. 0 .0326 4 .939018 . 0 .0696 3 .844819 . 0 .0454 4.461220. 0 .0 4 6 6 4.4235
Average g ra in s i s e in mm 0 .0470
Average g ra in s ia e in 0 4 .4825
Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .2 2 9 4
Color o f rock ch ip N 6
133
APPENDIX ARock Type 05 Bedded Gray SendatoneThin Section Number 05/08Depth Belov Surface (in feet) 127-6Core Nvmber G-8
C om position
Mineral % C
Dusty quarts 32Clear quarts 8 amI H ite -S id e r i t e -
I l l i t e 24S id er lte 7 1 . 0 .0 4 5 4Carbonaceous matter 6 2 . 0 .0188M uscovite 4 3 . 0 .0356S i l ic a cement 1 4 . 0 .0 1 8 2C a ld te 13 5. 0 .0660Chert - 6 . 0 .0436S e r ic ite 3 7. 0 .0386P yrite - 8. 0 .0 2 0 8F lag ioclase - 9 . 0 .0426Kaolin - 10 . 0 .0 3 8 8Leucoxene 2 11. 0 .0 2 0 4O rthoclase - 12. 0 .0228C hlorite - 13 . 0 .0282Micaceous rock fra g . 14 . 0 .0 3 8 8Zircon - 1 5 . 0 .0508M icrocline — 16. 0 .0 6 0 4Limonite - 1 7 . 0 .0 4 7 8M agnetite - 18. 0 .0224B io tite - 1 9 . 0 .0 5 4 2B u tile - 20 . 0 .0460Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ia e
0
4 .46125.73314 .8 1 2 05.77993 .9 2 1 44 .51954 .69535 .58734 .5 5 3 04 .6878 5.6153 5 .4548 5.14824 .6 8 7 8 4 .2990 4 .0493 4 .3868 5 .4804 4 .2056 4 .4422
Average g r a in s iz e in am 0 .0 3 8 0
Average g r a in e ia e in 0 4 .8 2 6 0
Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3 4 9 7
Color o f rock chip N 6
134
APPENDIX ABock Type 05 Bedded Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c t io n lhaaber 0 5 /0 9
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 143*9
Core N w ber G-8
O p p o sitio nM ineral % S ise
Dusty quarts 460Clear quarts 5 ■Bl
n i i t e - S i d e r i t e -1111te 26S ld e r ite — 1 . 0 .0442 4 .4998Carbonaceous n a tter 3 2 . 0 .0538 4 .2163M uscovite 10 3* 0 .0236 5.4051S i l ic a cement 1 4 . 0 .0498 4 .3277C a le lte 2 5* 0 .0754 3 .7293Chert 1 6. 0 .0 3 9 8 4 .6511S e r ic ite 5 7* 0 .0636 3 .9748P yrite - 8 . 0 .0 4 4 6 4 .4868P la g lo e la se 1 9 . 0 .0856 3 .5462Kaolin - 10 . 0 .0650 3 .9434Leucoxene — 11 . 0 .0 9 8 4 3 .3452O rthoclase — 12. 0 .0282 5 .1482C h lorite - 13* 0 .0516 4.2765Micaceous rock fra g . — 14. 0 .0476 4 .3 9 2 9Zircon - 15 . 0 .0508 4 .2990M icrocline — 16. 0 .0 7 2 4 3 .7879I in o n lte — 17* 0.0418 4 .5 8 0 4M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0 5 0 6 4 .3047B io t ite - 19* 0 .0538 4 .2163B u tile - 20 . 0 .0386 4 .6953Garnet -
Total 100
Average g r a in s i s e In am 0 .0 5 4 0
Average g ra in s i s e In 0 4*2913
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .2 4 7 2
Color o f roek ch ip N 6
135
APPENDIX A
Hock Type 05 Bedded Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c t io n Number 0 5 /1 0
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 67 .5
Core Number G-9
Composition
M ineral %
D usty quarts 73C lear quarts 11I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e I l l i t e 6S id a r iteCarbonaceous n a t te r M uscoviteS i l i c a cenent 6C a lc iteChert 1S e r lc i t eP y r iteF la g io c la s e 3K aolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .Z irconM icroclin eLim oniteM agnetiteB io t it eR u tileGarnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ise
1 .2 .3 .4 .5.6 .7.8 . 9.
10 .11 .12.13 .14.15 .16.17.18.19 .20 .
0 .14480 .1 8 4 00 .50000 .0 7 9 20 .18960 .25680 .15520 .2 2 5 60 .1 9 2 80 .14960 .25040 .3 5 0 40 .1 5 0 40 .23760 .34080 .1 4 6 40 .3 5 2 80 .11280 .4 5 6 00 .1936
0
2 .78792 .44221 .00003 .65842 .39901 .96132 .6 8 7 82 .14822.37482 .7 4 0 81 .99771.51292 .73312 .07341 .5 5 3 02 .77201 .50313 .14821 .13292 .3688
Average g r a in s i s e in tm
Average g r a in s i s e i n 0
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .2 3 3 4
2 .2498
0.4575
3 TH 6 /1
136
APPENDIX A
Rock Typo 06 Pebbly Gray Sandstone
Thin S ec tio n Number 06 /01
Depth B elov Surface ( in f e e t ) 86 .2
Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral % C
Dusty quarts 53Clear quarts 7 amI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -I U l t e 6S id e r ite 24 1 . 0 .1992Carbonaceous matter - 2 . 0 .1432Muscovite - 3 . 0 .3 9 7 6S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0 .2 5 0 4C a le ite 3 5. 0 .4430Chert - 6 . 0 .0 7 4 4S e r lc ite - 7 . 0 .2356P yrite - 3. 0 .2 5 5 2F la g io c la se 2 9 . 0 .2 1 4 4Kaolin - 10 . 0 .0 9 6 0Leueoooene — 11 . 0 .1512O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .1 4 1 6C h lorite - 13 . 0 .1 3 0 4Micaceous roek fra g . — 14. 0 .2 0 0 8Zircon — 15 . 0 .2664M icroclin e - 16 . 0 .0920Limonite - 17. 0 .0 4 6 4M agnetite - 13 . 0 .1 1 0 4B io t ite - 19 . 0 .2496R u tile — 20. 0 .1332Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S is e
0
2 .32772 .S0391 .33061 .99771 .1 5 3 43 .74361 .3 0 7 91 .97032.22163 .3 3 0 82 .72552 .32012 .9 3 9 02.31621 .90833 .4 4 2 24 .42973 .17922 .00232.4435
Average g ra in a is e in mu
Average g r a in s i s e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .1963
2 .5479
0.6695
5 TR 5 1 /2
137
APPKMDU A
Rock Type 06 Pebbly Gray Sandstone
Thin S e c tio n N n b er 06 /02
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 8 5 .7
Core Number G-9
C q p o s it io nM ineral %
Dusty quarts 58Clear quarts 8I l l i t e - S id e r i t eI l l i t e 1S id e r ite 28Carbonaceous matterM uscovite 5S i l ic a cementC a lc iteChertS e r ic iteP yriteFL agiodaseK aolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC hloriteMicaceous rock fra g .ZirconM LeroclineLinoniteMagnetiteB io t i t eR utileGarnet
Total 100
Grain S is e
1.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 . 7. 3 . 9 .
10 .11 .1 2 .13.14 .15 .16.17 .18.19 .20.
0 .08320 .1 2 8 00 .4 4 8 80 .35760 .16160 .11520 .11360 .23840 .12080 .1 4 1 60 .61920 .3 3 0 40 .1 8 4 00 .40640 .0 7 4 40 .10960 .11920 .22240 .05920 .2 4 1 6
0
3 .58732.96581 .15591 .48362.62953 .11783 .13802 .06853 .0493 2 .8201 0 .6915 1 .5977 2 .4422 1 .2 9 9 0 3 .7486 3 .1 8 9 73.0685 2 .1688 4 .07832.0493
Average grain s i s e in an
Average gra in s i s e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .2138
2.5175
0 .8590
5 IB 5 1 /2
133
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 07Thin S e c t io n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
Conglomerate07 /01
1 1 3 .2
0 -9
Com poeition
M ineral %
Dusty quarts 95C lear quarts 2I l l i t e - S i d e r i t eT lH teS id e r itaCarbonaceous m atter M uscoviteS i l i c a cement 1C a lc iteChert 2S e r ic i t eP y r itef la g io c la s eK aolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .Z irconM icroclin eLim oniteM agnetiteB io t iteS u t i leGarnet
T o ta l 100
Grain S ize
1 .2 .3 .4 .5.6 . 7 . 3 . 9 .
10 .11 .12.13 .14.15 .16.17.18 .19 .20.
5.57013 .71760 .32720 .33014 .0 4 5 36 .06062 .76920 .56014 .5 0 9 70 .23022 .69143 .81635 .50513 .59434 .0 8 6 42 .3 2 6 40 .15966 .35020 .6 4 5 16 .0969
0
-2 .4 7 7 7-1 .8 9 4 4
1 .6 1 1 81 .5 9 9 0
-2 .0 1 6 2-2 .5 9 9 5-1 .4 6 9 5
0 .8362-2 .1 7 3 0
2 .1190-1 .4 2 8 4-1 .9 3 2 2-2 .4 6 0 8-1 .8 4 5 7-2 .0 3 0 3-1 .4 9 9 0
2 .6475-2 .6 6 6 8
0 .6324-2 .6 0 8 1
Average g r a in s i s e i n nm
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
V ariance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
3 .1946
-0 .9 8 2 8
3 .2309
N 7
139
APPENDIX ARock Type 07Thin S e c tio n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
Conglomerate
07/02
1 1 4 .0
G-9
C om position
M ineral Grain S iae
C lear q u arts - nmI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -U l i t e 1S id e r ite - 1. 1 .7 0 1 0Carbonaceous m atter 2 . 0 .1562M uscovite - 3 . 4 .8 8 1 1S i l i c a cement 1 4 . 0 .8 4 4 2C a lc ite - 5. 0 .9 0 3 1Chert - 6 . 2 .4063S e r ic i t e - 7 . 0 .5718P y r ite - 8 . 5 .0011F la g io c la s e - 9 . 3 .4 2 5 1K aolin 2 1 0 . 3 .9 6 9 1Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .4221O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .8764C h lo r ite - 13 . 1 .2903M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14 . 0 .6571Z ircon - 15. 1 .5 3 8 1M icroclin e — 16. 5 .0672Lim onita - 17 . 3 .8042M agnetite - 18 . 3 .5 1 9 4B io t i t e - 1 9 . 3 .4830B u t ile - 20 . 2 .2353Garnet -
T o ta l 100
0
-0 .7 6 6 42 .6785
-2 .28720.24430 .1470
-1 .2 6 6 80 .8064
-2 .3 2 2 2-1 .7 7 6 1-1 .9 8 8 8
1 .24430.1903
-0 .3 6 7 70 .6058
-0 .6 2 1 1-2 .3 4 1 2-1 .9 2 7 6-1 .8153-1 .3 0 0 3-1 .1 6 0 5
Average g r a in s i z e i n m
Average g ra in s i z e i n 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
2 .3376
-0 .7 2 6 2
1 .9 3 8 8
N 6
140
APH5NDIX ARock Type 08Thin S ec t io n Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
Massive Shale08 /01
160 .2
G-9
Com positionM ineral
Dusty quartz C lear quartzI l l i t e - S i d e r i t eI l l i t eS id e r i teCarbonaceous m atterM uscoviteS i l i c a cementC a le iteChertS e r lc i t eP y r iteF la g io c la s eKaolinLeucoxeneO rthoelaseC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .Z irconM icroclin eLimoniteM agnetiteB io t it eR u tileGarnet
Grain S ize
57
75317
11
1.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 . 9 .
10 .11 .12 .13 .14 .15 .16 . 17. 13.19.20 .
0 .04620 .03500 .05980 .02260 .03420 .0 5 8 40 .03060 .02420 .0 4 1 60 .02040 .0 1 8 60.03320 .02960 .01930 .05500 .0 3 2 40 .01620 .05060 .0 3 8 40 .0354
4 .43604 .83654 .06375.46754 .86994 .09795.03035.36884 .53735 .61535.74864 .91275.07835 .65844 .1 8 4 44 .94795 .9479 4 .3 0 4 7 4 .7027 4 .8 2 0 1
Total 100
Average g ra in s iz e in mm 0 .3 5 U
Average g ra in s iz e i n 0 4 .9339
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3183
C olor o f rock ch ip N 3
141
APPENDIX ARock Type 08Thin S e c t io n Number
Depth Below Surfe.ce (In f e e t )
Core Number
Massive Shale08 /02
162 .2
G-9
Com positionMineral Grain S is e
C lear q u arts 3 onI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 75I l l i t e —
S id e r ite - 1 . 0 .0412Carbonaceous m atter 6 2 . 0 .0 1 2 8M uscovite 5 3 . 0 .0144S i l i c a cement - 4. 0 .0362C a lc ite - 5. 0 .0 1 6 2Chert - 6 . 0 .0158S e r lc i t e -
r et # 0 .0256
P y r ite - 3 . 0 .0312F la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .0 4 7 6K aolin - 10. 0 .0 3 6 4Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .0296O rthoclase — 12. 0 .0 2 6 2C h lo r ite - 13 . 0 .0132M icaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0 3 9 8Z ircon - 15 . 0 .0456M icrocline - 16 . 0 .0178Lim onite - 17 . 0 .0 1 9 4M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0 5 3 0B io t i t e - 19. 0 .0202R u tile - 20. 0 .0 2 1 4Garnet —
0
4 .60126 .2877 6 .1178 4 .7879 5.9479 5.98395.2877 5 .0023 4 .3929 4 .7 7 9 9 5.0783 5.2543 6 .2433 4 .6 5 U 4 .4 5 4 8 5 .8120 5.6878 4 .2379 5.6295 5.54*2
Total 100
Average g ra in s i s e in mm
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
Color o f rock ch ip
0 .2818
5.2892
0 .4 3 4 1
N 3
142
APPENDIX ARock Typo 09 Disturbed Structure Shale
Thin Section Number 0 9 /01
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) U S . 3
Core Number G-9
Com positionMineral * (
Dusty quarts 3Clear quarts 7 amI l l l t e - S i d e r l t e 83n u t e -
S id er ite 3 1 . 0 .0296Carbonaceous matter 1 2 . 0 .0166Muscovite 3 3 . 0 .0118S i l i c a cement - 4. 0 .0 1 5 8C a lc ite - 5 . 0 .0492Chert - 6 . 0 .0 1 9 4S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .0148P yrite - 8. 0 .0252P la g io c la se - 9. 0 .0218Kaolin - 10. 0 .0 2 0 6Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0362Orthoclase - 12. 0 .0238C hlorite - 13. 0 .0564Micaceous rock frag . - 14 . 0 .0108Zircon - 15. 0 .0 1 4 6M icrocline — 16 . 0 .0 0 6 6Limonite — 17. 0 .0096M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0334B io t ite - 19. 0 .0188Rut l i e - 20. 0 .0418Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ite
556 5456 5 5 545 46 6 7 645 4
Average g ra in e l s e in mm,
Average g r a in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .0238
5 .6022
0 .6554
N 3
0
.0783
.9127
.4051
.9839.3452.6878.0783.3104.5195.6012.7879.3929.1482.5328.0979.2433.7027.9040.7331.5804
143
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale
Thin Section Number 09/02
Depth Below Surface (in f e e t ) 119*1
Core Niufeer G-9
CompositionM ineral % Grain S is eDusty qu arts 23C lear q u arts 12 bb 0I l l i t o - S i d e r i t e 31I l l i t e 3S id e r it e 17 1 . 0 .0 2 1 8 5.5195Carbonaceous m atter 5 2 . 0 .0182 5.7799M useorite 4 3 . 0 .0 7 7 8 3 .6841S i l i c a cement 2 4 . 0 .0366 4 .7720C a le lte 1 5. 0 .0218 5.5195Chert - 6 . 0 .0146 6 .0979S e r ic i t e 2 7* 0 .0 1 6 4 5.9302P y r ite - 3. 0 .0508 4 .2 9 9 0P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .0436 4 .5195K aolin - 10. 0 .0 3 6 4 4 .7799Leucaxene - 11 . 0 .0278 5 .1688Q rthoclaee - 12 . 0 .0662 3 .9170C h lo r ite — 13* 0 .0 2 9 4 5.0880M ieaceous rock fra g . - 14* 0.0536 4 .2216Zircon - 15 . 0 .0528 4.2433M icro c lin e - 16 . 0 .0 3 7 8 4 .7255Lim onite - 17- 0 .0360 4 .7959M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0 1 1 4 6 .4548B io t i t e — 19. 0 .0364 4 .7799R u tile - 20. 0 .0 3 8 2 4 .7103Garnet -
T o U l 100
A-rerage grain s i s e In mm 0.0364
Average grain e ls e In 0 4*9503
Variance (a2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0 .5514
Color o f rock chip N 5
144
APFBlDIi A
Rock Type 09 Disturbed Structure Shale
Thin S eetion Number 0 9 /0 3
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 119*9
Core Number 0 -9
CompositionM ineral % <Dusty quarts 31Clear quarts 8 ■sU l i t e - S id e r i t e 20I l l i t e 1S id e r ite 16 1 . 0 .0 2 0 4Carbonaceous matter 2 2 . 0 .0 4 3 8M uscovite 2 3 . 0 .0558S i l i c a cement 1 4 . 0 .0296C alc ite 1 5. 0 .0638Chert - 6 . 0 .1188S e r lc ite 1 7. 0 .0 8 1 8P yrlte 17 8 . 0 .0 1 4 6PLagLoclase - 9 . 0 .0602Kaolin - 10 . 0 .0 5 5 0Leuc eocene - 11. 0 .0 5 3 6O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .0654C h lorite — 13. 0 .0 4 7 8Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0242Zircon - 15 . 0 .0 4 1 0KLerocline — 16. 0 .0 4 9 8Limonite - 17. 0 .0838M agnetite - 18. 0 .0 4 7 6B io t ite - 19 . 0 .0562R u tile - 2 0 . 0 ,0 2 7 8Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ise
0
5.61534.51294 .16365 .07833 .97033 .07343 .61186 .09794 .0 5 4 14.13444 .22163 .93464.38685 .36884.60824 .32773 .5 7 6 94.39294 .15335.1688
Average gra in s i s e in ani 0 .0 5 2 1
Average gra in s i s e in 0 4 .4251
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la ted in 0 0 .5 3 5 4
Color of rock ch ip N 6
U 5
APPENDIX ARock Type 09 Disturbed Structure ShaleThin Section Number 09/04Depth Below Surface (in feet) 130.0Core Number 0 -9
CQttponition
M ineral % Grain S ise
Dusty q u arts 60C lear q u arts 3 OK
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 74I l l i t e 2S id e r ite 3 1 . 0 .0 3 7 3 4 .7255Carbonaceous m atter 5 2 . 0 .0 0 7 6 7 .0393M uscovite 1 3 . 0 .0262 5.2543S i l i c a cement — 4 . 0 .0 3 5 4 4 .8 2 0 1C a le ite - 5. 0 .0 2 0 2 5.6295Chert — 6 . 0 .0070 7 .1584S e r ic i t e 1 7. 0*0338 4 .6378f y r i t e - 3 . 0 .0 5 9 4 4 .0 7 3 4F la g io c la se - 9. 0 .0136 6 .2002K aolin - 10. 0 .0 2 1 0 5.5735Leucoxene — 11 . 0 .0604 4 .0 4 9 3O rthoclase - 12 . 0 .0 1 6 2 5 .9479C h lo r ite - 13. 0 .0 2 1 3 5.5195M ioaceous rock fr a g . - 14 . 0 .0274 5 .1897Z ircon — 15. 0 .0 1 4 3 6 .0733M icroclin e — 16 . 0 .0 2 0 4 5 .6153Lim onite - 17 . 0 .0250 5 .3219M agnetite - 13 . 0 .0 2 9 3 5.0685B io t i t e - 19 . 0 .0 3 0 4 5 .0398R u tile - 20 . 0 .0536 4 .2216Garnet -
T ota l 100
Average g ra in s i s e in an 0 .0233
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 5*3607
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .7303
Color o f rock ch ip N 5
146
APPENDIX ASock Type 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re S to le
Thin S e c t io n Number 09 /05
Depth Below Surface ( In f e e t ) 131*3
Core Number 0 -9
Composition
M ineral Grain S ise
C lear quarts 9 amI l l i t e - S i d e r i t s 6I l l l t e 59S id e r ite — 1 . 0 .0606Carbonaceous matter 9 2 . 0 .0 1 0 0Muscovite 2 3 . 0 .0410S i l i c a cement 4* 0 .0294C a lc ite - 5* 0 .0 1 3 6Chert - 6 . 0 .0 3 7 8S e r ic it e 1 7* 0 .0 1 0 8f^ r ite 5 3. 0 .0 2 9 4P la g io d a se - 9* 0 .0 6 6 4Kaolin - 10. 0 .0444Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0 4 9 4O rthoclase - 12. 0 .0 4 1 0C h lorite - 13 . 0 .0216Micaceous rock fra g . — 14. 0 .0 6 9 0Zircon — 15. 0 .0 1 9 6Micro d in e - 16 . 0 .0 1 4 4Limonite - 17. 0 .0 5 3 6M agnetite - 1 8 . 0 .0542B io t ite - 19 . 0 .0 2 7 4R u tlle — 20 . 0 .0 3 1 8Garnet -
T otal 100
0
3*6331 6 .6439 4.6062 5 .0660 6.2002 4.7255 6 .5328
0660 6699 4933 3393 6062 5326 6573 6564 1176 2216 2056 1697 9746
534 445356445 4
Average gra in s i s e In am
Average gra in e ls e In 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0 .0 3 7 4
4 .9 7 9 4
0 .8035
N 4
147
APPENDIX A*
Rock Type 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale
Thin S e c tio n Number 09 /06
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 131*6
Core Number G-9
Com position
Mineral %Dusty quarts 21Clear quarts 6I U it e - S id e r i t e 23I l l i t e 24S id e r ite 3Carbonaceous matter 4Muscovite 11S i l ic a cement 1C a lc ite 1Chert -
Seri c i t e 2P yrite 3P la g io c la se -
Kaolin -
Leucoxsne -
O rthoclase -
C h lorite 1Micaceous rock frag . -
Zircon -
M icrocline -
Limonite -M agnetite -
B io t ite -
R u tlle -
Garnet —
T otal 100
Grain S iae
■m 0
1 . 0 .0314 4 .99312 . 0 .0 3 0 4 5*03933* 0 .0123 6 .2 3 7 74* 0 .0176 5 .32335. 0 .0 2 0 2 5.62956 . 0 .0930 3 .42667* 0 .0722 3 .79193 . 0 .0032 6 .93029. 0 .0 1 1 4 6.4548
10. 0 .0233 5.392911. 0 .0103 6 .532312 . 0 .0 1 4 6 6.097913* 0 .0 3 0 4 5 .039814* 0 .0263 5.221615* 0 .0433 4 .512916 . 0 .0266 5 .232417* 0 .0343 4 .344313. 0 .0503 4 .2 9 9 019* 0 .0332 4 .710320 . 0 .0 1 0 6 6 .5593
Average g r a in s i s e in m 0 .0304
Averags g ra in s i s e in 0 5*3413
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .9091
C olor o f rock ch ip N 5
143
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale
Thin S e c tio n Number 0 9 /0 7
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 131*9
Core Number G-9
Com position
M ineral % (
Dusty quarts 13Clear quarts 5 imnI l l i t e - S id e r l t e 7I l l l t e 65S id e r ite 1 1 . 0 .0 1 2 6Carbonaceous matter 4 2 . 0 .0658Muscovite 3 3 . 0 .0064S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0 .0 3 9 6C alc ite - 5* 0 .0188Chert - 6 . 0 .0716S e r lc ite - 7. 0 .0198ftrr ite 2 8 . 0 .0 0 9 6P la g io c la se - 9 . 0 .0216Kaolin - 10. 0 .0086Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0526Q rthoclase - 12. 0 .0552C hlorite - 13. 0 .0684Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0218Zircon - 15. 0 .0 4 2 8M iorocline - 16. 0 .0256Limonite - 17. 0 .0296M agnetite - 18. 0 .0186B io t ite - 19 . 0 .0 U 6R u tile - 20. 0 .0416Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ise
0
6 .31043*92587.28774 .6584 5.7331 3 .80395.6584 6 .7 0 2 7 5.5328 6 .8614 4 .2488 4 .1792 3 .8699 5.5195 4 .54625.2877 5.0783 5.7486 6 .4297 4 .5873
At*rage g ra in e l s e in am 0 .0321
Average g ra in e ls e in 0 5.2985
Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 1 .1234
C olor o f rock ch ip N 4
149
APPENDIX ARock Type 09 Disturbed Structure ShaleThin Section Nuaber 09/06Depth Below Surfaoe (in feet) 140.3Core Nuaber 0-9
Com position
M ineral % Gj
D usty quarts 20C lear q u arts 9 maI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 5I l l i t e 44S id e r ite — 1 . 0 .0298Carbonaceous n a t te r 6 2. 0 .0462M uscovite 3 3 . 0 .0163S i l i c a cement 1 4 . 0 .0518C a lc it s 1 5. 0 .0336Chert - 6 . 0 .0 4 3 6S e r ic i t e 3 7 . 0 .0396P y r lte 3 8 . 0 .0 3 4 2P la g io c la s e - 9 . 0 .0568K aolin - 1 0 . 0 .0598Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0456Q rthoclase - 12. 0 .0 7 3 4C h lo r ite - 1 3 . 0 .0118M icaceous rock fr a g . - 14 . 0 .0406Zircon — 15. 0 .0 2 0 4H ic ro c lin e - 16. 0 .0 4 7 4Lim onite — 17 . 0 .0564M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0202B io t i t e - 19. 0 .0 2 9 0R u tile - 20 . 0 .0436Garnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S is e
0
5.06354 .4 3 6 05.89544.27094 .8 8 6 64.5195 4 .6584 4 .8699 4 .1 3 8 0 4 .0637 4 .4548 3 .7 6 8 1 6 .4051 4 .6224 5.6153 4 .3990 4 .1 4 8 2 5.6295 5.10784 .5195
Are rage g ra in s i s e i n sat
Average g ra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0
C olor o f rock ch ip
0 .0 4 0 0
4 .7738
0 .4 5 6 1
N 4
150
APPENDIX ARock Type 09 Disturbed Structure Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 09 /09
Depth Below Surfaoe ( in f e e t ) 1 6 9 .8
Core Nuaber G-9
CompositionMineralDusty quarts Clear quarts I U lt e - S id e r i t enutsS id e r iteCarbonaceous n a tte rM uscoviteS i l i c a cenentC a lc iteChertS e r ic it sP yriteP la g io c la seKaolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC h loriteMicaceous rock fra g .ZirconM lcrocllneL inoniteMagnetiteB io t iteR u tileGarnet
Grain S ii191043
4288
1 .2 .3 .4 .5.6 .7 .8 . 9 .
10.11.12.13 .14.15 .16 .17 .18 .1 9 .20 .
0.05080.04080 .0 2 5 40 .0 3 3 00.05580.02900.03060 .01320 .02920.04260.02120 .0 3 3 60.02420.02320 .05760 .0 5 2 40 .0 2 6 20 .03480 .0 3 6 40 .0496
Total 100
Average gra in s i s e in ax 0 .0357
Average gra in s i s e in 0 4 .3853
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la ted in 0 0 .2 4 0 1
Color o f rock chip N 5
0
4 .2 9 9 0 4.61535 .2990 4 .9 2 1 4 4.1636 5 .1078 5 .03035 .7799 5.0979 4 .5 5 3 0 5 .5598 4 .8954 5 .3688 5 .4297 4 .1 1 7 84 .25435 .2543 4 .3 4 4 84 .7799 4 .3335
151
APPENDIX AHock Type 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale
Thin S ec tio n Number 09 /10
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) ISO .9
Core Number G-9
CompositionMlnaya.1
Dusty quarts Clear quarts I l l i t e - S i d e r i t em i t eS id e r iteCarbonaceous m atterMusooviteS i l ic a cementC a le lteChertS er i c i t ef^ r iteP la g io c la s eKaolinLeucaxeneO rthoclaseC h loriteMicaceous rock frag .ZirconMLcrocllneLimoniteM agnetiteB io t i t eH utlieGarnet
Grain S is e
101160
1175
1 .2 .3 .A.5 .6 . 7 . a.9 .
10.11.12.13 .14 .15 .16.17 .18.19 .20.
0 .04560 .0 2 5 40 .02920 .01940.05620.02460.01980.02160.03120 .0 1 9 60 .0 3 8 40.03060.02460 .03160 .02820 .01260 .03720 .0 1 1 80 .03580 .0530
0
4 .4 5 4 85 .29905 .09795 .68784 .15335.3452 5.6584 5.332B 5 .0023 5.6730 4 .7 0 2 7 5.03035.3452 4 .9839 5.1482 6 .3104 4 .7 4 8 6 6 .4 0 5 1 4 .8 0 3 9 4 .2379
T o ta l 100
Average g ra in s i s e in m 0 .0 2 9 8
Average g r a in s i s e in 0 5*1810
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3592
Color o f rock ch ip N 5
152
APPENDIX ARock T>pe 09 D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale
Thin S e c t io n Nuaber 09 /11
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 133*7
Core Nuaber G-9
C o p p o s it io n
M ineral %
Dusty q u arts 16C lear q u arts 9I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 28I l l i t eS id e r i t e 23Carbonaceous n a t te r 8M uscovite 6S i l i c a cement -C a lc ite 6ChertS e r ic i t e 3P y r iteKLagLoclaseK aolinleu coxen e 1O rthoelaaeC h lo r iteM icaceous rock fr a g .ZirconM icro c lin eL in o n iteM agnetiteB io t i t eR u tileGarnet
T o ta l 100
Grain S ize
1 .2 .3*4 .5.6.7.8 . 9 .
10.11.12.13*14.15 .16 .17 .18 .19 .20.
0.07100.06460 .0 4 3 00 .0 6 2 40 .04440.03060.01420 .02060.01980 .04560 .03700.05280 .04360 .04980 .0 2 9 80 .0 4 4 20 .04560 .0 2 1 80 .01900.0226
0
3.81603 .95234.53954.00234 .49335 .03036.13805.60125 .65844 .4548 4 .7563 4 .24334.5195 4 .3277 5.0685 4 .49984 .45485.5195 5.7179 5.4675
Average gra in s iz e in nm
Average g ra in s i z e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0
0 .0391
4 .8131
0 .4486
Color o f rock ch ip
153
AFHSNDIX A
Bock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ec tio n Number 1 0 /0 1
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 173*3
Core Nuaber G-9
Com position
Mineral % C
Dusty quarts 3Clear quartz 13 mmI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 711111te 3S id er ite 1 1 . 0 .0144Carbonaceous s a t te r 3 2. 0 .0216Muscovite 6 3 . 0 .0246S i l ic a cement - 4. 0 .0 1 9 0C alc lte - 5. 0 .0316Chert - 6 . O.OUOS e r ic ite - 7 . 0 .0142I^rrite - 8. 0 .0256F lag loelase - 9. 0.0146Kaolin - 10 . 0 .0162Leucoxene - 11 . 0 .0114Orthocl&se — 12. 0 .0100C hlorite - 13. 0 .0 2 5 4Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0158Zircon - 15 . 0 .0 3 4 0M icrocline - 16. 0 .0296Limonite - 17 . 0 .0218M agnetite - 18 . 0 .0 1 9 8B io t ite - 19 . 0 .0336K u tile - 20. 0 .0376Garnet -
T o ta l loo
Grain S ise
0
6.11785.53285*34525.71794 .9839 6 .5064 6,1380 5 .2877 6 .0979 5.9479 6.4548 6 .6439 5.29905 .9839 4 .8733 5.0783 5.5195 5.6584 4 .8954 4 .7331
Average g ra in s iz e in mn 0.0216
Average gra in a le e in 0 5.6410
V ariance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3360
Color o f rock ch ip N 4
154
APPENDIX A
Hock Type 10 Graded Bedding S h ale
Thin Section Number 10/02
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 175.5
Core Number G-9
CompositionM ineral % (Dusty quarts 11C lear quartz 8 amI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 72I l l i t e -
S id er ite 2 1 . 0.0166Carbonaceous matter 3 2. 0.0114Muscovite 4 3 . 0.0133S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0.0156C a lc lte - 5. 0.0134Chert - 6 . 0.0518S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0436ftrr ite - 3 . 0.0263PLagioclase - 9 . 0.0226Kaolin - 10. 0.0334Leucoxene - 11. 0.0252O rthoclase - 12. 0.0102C hlorite - 13. 0.0306Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0.0226Zircon - 15. 0.0314M lcrocline - 16. 0.0196Limonite - 17. 0.0146Magnetite - 18. 0.0194B io t it e - 19. 0.0306H ntile - 20. 0.0203Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ise
0
5.91276.45436.17926.00235.76424.27094.51955.22165.4675 4.7027 5.3104 6.61535.03035.4675 4.9931 5.6730 6.0979 5.68785.0303 5.5373
Average gra in s i s e in am 0.0242
Average gra in s i s e in 0 5*4994
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3927
Color o f rock chip N 5
155
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 10 Graded Bedding Sh&le
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/03
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 185*2
Core Number G-9
nn
Mineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quarts 20Clear quarts 15 wm
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 77I l l l t a —S id e r ite 1 1 . 0.0166 5.9127Carbonaceous n a tte r 5 2. 0.0282 5.1482Muscovite - 3* 0.0290 5.1078S i l i c a cement - 4. 0 .0212 5.5598C a lc ite - 5. 0.0456 4.4548Chert - 6 . 0.0370 4.7563S e r lc ite - 7* 0.0512 4.2877P yrite - 8. 0 .0376 4.7331F ls g io d a s e - 9 . 0.0246 5.3452Kaolin - 10. 0.0186 5.7486Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0236 5.4051O rthoclase - 12. 0 .0314 4.9931C h lorite - 13. 0 .0388 4.6878Micaceous rock fra g . — 14. 0.0366 4.7720Zircon — 15. 0 .0102 6.6153Mi croc l in e — 16. 0 .0564 4.1482L inonite — 17. 0.0278 5.1688M agnetite - 18. 0 .0292 5.0979B io t it e - 19. 0.0184 5.7642E n tile - 20. 0.0340 4.8783Garnet -
Total 100
Average grain s i s e in na 0.0308
Average gra in s i s e in 0 5*1292
Variance (s 2 ) c a lc u la ted in 0 0.3550
Color o f rock ch ip N A
156
APPENDIX A
Bock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ectio n Number 10/04
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 136 .2
Core Ntaaber G-9
CompositionM ineral %Dusty quarts 6Clear quarts 16I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 53I l l i t e 1S id e r ite 3Carbonaceous m atter 8M uscovite 3S i l i c a cement -C a lc ite -Chert —S e r ie ite -P yrlte -F la g io c la ee -K aolin -Leucoxsne -O rthoclase —C h lorite —Micaceous rock fra g . —Zircon -Micro d in e -Limonite -M agnetite -BLotite -R u tile -Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain Sine
mm 0
1. 0 .0224 5.43042 . 0 .0316 4.98393 . 0 .0256 5.28774 . 0.0366 4.77205. 0 .0103 6.53286 . 0 .0278 5.16387. 0.0334 4.70273 . 0.0336 4.69539. 0.0214 5.5462
10. 0.0426 4.553011. 0.0230 5.153412. 0.0423 4.546213. 0 .0313 4.974814. 0 .0536 4.093015. 0.0346 4.853116. 0.0204 5.615317. 0 .0313 4.974313. 0.0136 5.748619. 0.0193 5.653420. 0.0166 5.9127
Average gra in e ls e in am 0.0299
Average gra in s i s e in 0 5.1629
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3250
Color o f rock chip N 4
157
APFKNDIX A
Rock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/05
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 202.9
Core Nuoeber 0-9
C cnposition
% C
Dusty quarts 8Clear quarts 23 nsnI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 51I l l l t e -S id e r ite 3 1. 0.0202Carbonaceous n a tter 8 2 . 0.0158M uscovite 6 3 . 0.01463 i l i e a cenent - 4. 0.0448C a le ite - 5. 0.0260Chert — 6 . 0.0106S e r ie ite - 7. 0.0336P yrlte 1 8 . 0.0306P la g io d a se - 9. 0.0376Kaolin - 10. 0.0262Leueoxene - 11 . 0.0442G rthoelase — 12. 0.0344C h lorite - 13. 0.0380Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0.0262Zircon - 15. 0.0178M icroeline - 16. 0.0198Linonite — 17 . 0 .0314M agnetite - 18. 0.0366B io t ite - 19. 0.0408Rut l i e - 20. 0.0218Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain
Average gra in e ls e in wm.
Average gra in e ls e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0286
5.2317
0.3365
N 4
S ise
0
5.62955.98396.09794.48045.26536.55984.89545.03034.73315.2543 4.4998 4.8614 4.71795.2543 5.8120 5.6584 4.9931 4.7720 4.6153 5.5195
APFKN3IX A
Rock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/06
Depth Below Surface (in f e e t ) 205*9
Core Nuaber G-9
Caapoaltlon
%Dusty quarts 1C lear quarts 18I l l i t e - S id e r i t e 401111 t e 26S id e r ite 1Carbonaceous n a tter 10M uscovite 1S i l i c a ceawnt -C a lc ite -Chert -S eri c i t e —PJrrite -P la g io c la se -Kaolin -Leucoxene 1O rthoelase -C hlorite -Micaceous rock fra g . -Zircon -M ierocline -L inonite -M agnetite -B io t ite -R u tile -Garnet -
T otal lo o
Grain Siae
m 0
1. 0.0224 5.46042. 0.0106 6.55983* 0.0136 6.20024. 0.0064 7.26775- 0.0166 5.9X276 . 0 .0264 5.24337. 0.0246 5.34528 . 0.0202 5.62959. 0.0224 5.4804
10. 0.0166 5.912711. 0 .0374 4.740612. 0.0160 5.795913* 0.0144 6.117614. 0.0172 5.861415. 0.0324 4.947916. 0.0222 5.493317. 0.0318 4.974618. 0.0300 5.058919. 0.0198 5.656420. 0.0260 5.2653
Average gra in s i s e in w* 0.0215
Average grain s i s e in 0 5*6463
Variance (a2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3605
Color o f rock chip N 4
159
AFKNDIX A
Rock Typo 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/07
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 214*4
Core Nuaber G-9
CompositionM ineral % (
Dusty quarts 3Clear quarts 17 ■nI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 68I l l i t e —S id e r ite 2 1. 0.0186Carbonaceous a a tte r 6 2. 0.0284Muscovite 4 3. 0.0122S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0.0124C a lc ite - 5. 0.0204Chert - 6. 0.0124S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0302l^ r ite - 3. 0.0326P la g io c la se 9. 0.0182Kaolin — 10. 0.0280Loucoxene - 11. 0.0246Q rthoclase - 12. 0.0282C h lorite - 13. 0.0266Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0.0316Zircon - 15. 0.0176M icrecline - 16. 0.0144L iaon ite - 17. 0.0258M agnetite - 18. 0.0242B io tite - 19. 0.0102R u tlie - 20. 0.0278Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain Siae
0
5*74865.13806.35706.33355.61536.3335 5.0493 4.9390 5.7799 5.1584 5.3452 5.1482 5.2324 4.9839 5.8283 6.1178 5.2765 5.36886.6153 5.1688
Average gra in s iz e in an
ATorage gra in s is e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 Color o f rock chip
0.0222
5.5769
0.2800
N 4
160
APFKNDIX A
Rock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin Section Nuaber 10/08
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 216.5
Core Nuaber G-9
CoapoaitlonM ineral % Grain
II
Duaty quartz 130Clear quartz 8
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 62T lll ta 1S id er ite 6 1. 0.0174 5.8448Carbonaceous n a tter 1 2 . 0.0224 5.4804M uscovite 4 3 . 0.0166 5.9127S i l i c a cenent - 4. 0 .0196 5.6730C e lc ite - 5. 0.0196 5.6730Chert - 6 . 0.0238 5.3929S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0250 5.3219P yrlte - 8. 0.0174 5.8448P lag loclaee - 9 . 0.0258 5.2765Kaolin - 10. 0 .0300 5.0589Leucoocene - 11. 0.0276 5.1792Orthoelaee - 12. 0.0322 4.9568C hlorite - 13. 0 .0254 5.2990Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0.0398 4.6511Zircon - 15. 0 .0264 5.2433M icrocline — 16. 0.0244 5.3570L iaonite - 17. 0.0416 4.5873M agnetite - 18. 0.0512 4.2877B io t ite - 19 . 0.0336 4.8954R u tile - 20. 0 .0324 4.9479Garnet -
Total 100
Average grain s i s e in mu
Average grain s iz e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0276
5.2442
0.1929
N 4
161
APPENDIX A
Rock T^pe ID Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/09
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nuaber
225.0
G-9
C oapoeition
M lm rU *Dusty quarts 5Clear Quarts 14I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 63I l l i t eS id e r ite 3Carbonaceous m atter 3M uscovite 1S i l i c a cementC a lc ite 1ChertS e r ie iteP jr iteP la g io c la seKaolinLeucoxeneO rthoclaseC hloriteMioaceous rock fra g .ZirconM ieroclineL iaon iteM agnetiteB io t it e -Rut l i eGarnet
T otal 100
Grain Siae
1 .2.3 .A.5.6.7.8 . 9.
10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.2 0 .
0.01380.01580.02240.02180.01230.02160.03120.02040.01780.02540.02520.02160.02560.02600.02740.01420.02620 .02100.03220.0166
65556 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 556 5 545
Average gra in s i s e in m
Average gra in s i s e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0220
5.5567
0.1436
N 4
0
.1792
.9839
.4804
.5195.2877.5323.0023.6153.8120.2990.3104.5328.2877.2653.1897>.1380.2543.5735.9568.9127
162
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ectio n Number 10/10
Depth Belov Surface ( in f e e t ) 231 .4
Core Number G-9
Composition
Mineral % Grain Size
Dusty quarts 1Clear quartz 6 mm 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 841111 te -S id e r ite 1 1. 0.0150 6.0589Carbonaceous matter 5 2 . 0.0142 6.1380Muscovite 3 3 . 0.0152 6.0398S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0.0258 5.2765C a lc ite - 5. 0 .0200 5.6439Chert - 6. 0.0154 6.0209S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0144 6.1178P yrlte - 8. 0.0214 5.5462F la g io c la se - 9. 0.0126 6.3104Kaolin - 10. 0.0192 5.7027Leucoxene - 11. 0.0498 4.3277Q rthoclase - 12. 0.0094 6.7331C h lorite - 13. 0.0296 5.0783Micaceous rock fra g . — 14. 0.0292 5.0979Zircon - 15. 0 .0262 5.2543M icrocline - 16. 0.0126 6.3104L inonite - 17. 0.0238 5.3929M agnetite - 18. 0 .0174 5.8448B io t ite _ 19. 0.0170 5.8783R u tile - 20. 0.0282 5.1482Garnet -
T otal 100
Average grain s ia e in mm 0.0208
Average grain s lo e in 0 5.6960
Variance ( a2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3166
Color o f rock chip
163
APPENDIX A
Rock Typo 10 Graded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber 10/11
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 231.5
Core Number G-9
CompositionMineral * CDusty quarts 1Clear quartz 2 SBI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 84m i t e -S id e r ite 1 1. 0.0204Carbonaceous matter 3 2 . 0.0146Muscovite 7 3 . 0.0164S i l ic a cement - 4 . 0.0330C a lc ite 1 5. 0.0186Chert - 6. 0.0156S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0136P yrite - 8 . 0.0244F la g io c la se - 9. 0.0142Kaolin - 10. 0.0260Leucoxene - 11. 0.0258Qrthoclase - 12. 0.0146C h lorite 1 13. 0.0106Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0150Zircon - 15. 0.0366M iorocline - 16. 0.0062lim o n ite - 17. 0.0296Magnetite - 16. 0.0156B io t ite - 19 . 0.0150R utl i e - 20. 0.0098Garnet -
T o ta l 100
Grain S ize
0
5.61536.09795.9302 4.9214 5.7466 6.0023 6.2002 5.3570 6.1360 5.2653 5.27656.0979 6.5598 6.0569 4.77206.9302 5.0783 5.9839 6.0589 6.6730
Average gra in e ls e in m t
Average grain s ia e in 0
Variance (a^) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0169
5.8383
0.3372
N 4
16A
APFEJOn A
Rock Type 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin Section Number 11/01
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 135.8
Core Number G-9
C om position
M ineral %
Dusty quarts 4Clear quarts 4I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 42m i t e -S id e r ite 46Carbonaceous matter 3M uscovite -S i l i c a cement -C alc ite -Chert -S e r id t e -P yrite -P lagioclaae -Kaolin -Leucoocsne 1Q rthoclase -C h lorite -Micaceous rock frag . -Zircon -M icrocline -Limonite -M agnetite -B io t ite -R u tile -Garnet —
T otal 100
Grain S l«e
0
1 . 0.0224 5.43042. 0.0242 5.36883 . 0.0324 3.60124 . 0.0166 5*91275. 0 .0114 6.45436. 0.0436 4.36297. 0.0118 6.40513 . 0.1436 2.79999. 0.0166 5.9127
10. 0.0206 5.601211. 0.1133 3.135412. 0.0333 4.336313* 0.0276 5.179214. 0.0216 5.532815. 0.0314 4.993116. 0.0206 5.601217. 0.2536 1.9794IS . 0.0154 6.020919. 0.0164 5.930220. 0.0306 5.0303
Average grain s i s e in am 0.0432
Average gra in s i s e in 0 5*0094
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 1.5203
Color o f rock chip N 5
165
APPEIOU A
Rock Type 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Nuaber
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nuaber
11/02
139 .7
G-9
C o p o s it io n
& a s£ * i % (
Dusty quarts 5Clear quarts 22 anI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 23T l l i t e 15S id e r ite 5 1 . 0.0518Carbonaceous a a tter 3 2 . 0.0416M uscovite 9 3 . 0.0386S i l i c a eenent 1 4 . 0.0188C a lc ite 5 5. 0.0232Chert • 6. 0.0284S e r ic ite - 7. 0.0806J^rrite 12 8 . 0.0324F lag ioclaae - 9. 0.0098Kaolin - 10. 0.0156Leuooxene - 11. 0 .0312Orthoclase — 12. 0.0300C h lorite — 13. 0 .0530Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0.0206Zircon — 15. 0 .0188M iorocline - 16. 0 .0246L inonite — 17. 0.0166M agnetite - 18. 0 .0104B io t ite - 19. 0 .0508RutUe - 20. 0.0682Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S i
Average grain e ls e in mm
Average grain sime in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0333
5-1381
0.7128
N 4
0
4.27094.5873 4.69535.7331 5-4297 5.1380 3.6331 4.9479 6.67306.00235.0023 5.0589 4.2379 5,60125.7331 5.3452 5.91276.5873 4.2990 3.8741
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167
APPENDIX A
Rock Trp* 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Number 11/04
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 191*6
Core limber G-9
Compif
Grain SiaeM ineral % (
D uet/ quarts 11Clear quarts 14 oibX ll it e -S id e r i t e 62I l l i t e -S id e r ite — 1 . 0.0284Carbonaceous m atter 5 2. 0.0240M uscovite 8 3 . 0.0256S i l i c a cement — 4 . 0.0133C alotte - 5. 0.0404Chert - 6. 0.0242S e r ld t e - 7. 0.0190P /r lte - 8. 0.0140PlagLoclase - 9. 0.0282Kaolin - 10. 0 .0246Leueoxene - 11. 0.0384Qrthoclase - 12. 0.0624C h lorite - 13. 0.0274Micaeeous rock fra g . - 14. 0.0216Zircon — 15. 0.0236M ierocline — 16. 0.0244L inonite - 17. 0.0206M ag n e tite - 18. 0 .0174B io t lte - 19. 0.0456R u tlie - 20. 0 .0376Garnet -
Total 100
Average gra in e ls e in me 0.02S6
Average gra in s ia e in 0 5*2227
Variance (e 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.2661
5555k556 5 5 A k 5 5 5 5 5 5 A A
0
.1330
.3303
.2877
.7331
.6295
.3633
.7179
.1534
.1432
.3452
.7027
.0023
.1397
.5328.1278.3570.6012'.3443.4543-.7331
Color o f rock chip
163
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S e c tio n Nuaber 11/05
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 192.3
Core Noaber G-9
Co h o s ! t i o nM ineral % Grain S ise
Dusty quarts 22Clear quarts 10 bbi 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 47I l l i t e -S id e r ite 7 1 . 0 .0394 4.6657Carbonaceous m a t t e r 4 2. 0.0224 5.4804Muscovite 8 3. 0.0340 4.8783S i l i c a cosent - 4. 0.0382 4.7103C a le ite - 5. 0.0378 4.7255Chert - 6 . 0.0472 4.4051S er i c i t e - 7. 0.0260 5.2653P y rite 2 8. 0.0242 5.3688F la g io c la se - 9. 0.0476 4.3929Kaolin - 10. 0 .0264 5.2433Leuooxene - 11. 0.0628 3.9931Otrthoclase - 12. 0.0344 4.8614C hlorite - 13. 0.0248 5.3335Micaceous ro c k fra g . — 14. 0.04L6 4.5873Zircon - 15. 0.0306 5.0303M lcrocline — 16. 0 .0238 5.3929Limonita - 17. 0.0226 5.4675M agnetite - 18. 0.0276 5.1792B io t ite — 19. 0.0266 5.2324B u ttle - 20. 0.0374 4.7408Garnet -
T otal 100
Average gra in a iae In m 0.033d
Average gra in e ls e In 0 4.9477
Variance (a2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.1733
Color o f rook chip N 5
169
1FPEMDIX A
Eock Type 11 Idjoed D isturbed Structure endQreded Bedding Shale
Thin Section B u ber
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Mbnber
11/06
195.3
G-9
C o p o s it lo n
% (
Dusty quarts 4C lear quarts 9 anI l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 711111 te -S id er ite 1 1 . 0.0400Carbonaceous n a tte r 6 2 . 0.0264M uscovite 9 3 . 0.0556S i l i c a c u n t — 4 . 0.0252C a lc ite - 5. 0.0216Chert — 6 . 0.0074S e r le ite — 7. 0.0146P yrite - 8. 0.0168P lag ioe la s* - 9. 0.0172Kaolin - 10. 0.0182Leueoooene - 11. 0.0198Ortho d a s e - 12. 0 .0294C h lorite - 13. 0.0216Mleaeeous rock fra g . — 14. 0.0140Zircon — 15. 0.0336M ierocllne - 16. 0.0176L inonite - 17. 0.0398M agnetite - 18. 0.0214B le t ite ** 19. 0.0092S u t i le - 20. 0.0150Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain S ite
0
4.64395.24334.16885.31045.5328 7.0783 6.09795.8954 5.8614 5.7799 5.6584 5.08805.5328 6.15844.8954 5.8283 4.6511 5.5462 6.7642 6.0589
Average gra in e ls e in an
Average gra in d i e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rook chip
0.0232
5.5897
0.4946
N 4
170
A P R H )n A
Bock Type 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ec tio n Nunber 11 /07
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 227>5
Core Nunber G-9
gqBBOfl U SBM ineral % Grain S iso
Dusty quarts 1C lear quarts 12 am 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 76I l l l t e -S id e r ite - 1. 0 .0124 6.3335Carbonaceous n a tte r 6 2. 0.050S 4.2990M uscovite 5 3* 0.0394 4 .6657S i l i c a eensnt - 4 . 0.0132 6.2433C alotte - 5 . 0 .0243 5.3335Chert - 6 . 0 .0224 5.4304S e r ic it e - 7. 0 .0143 6.0733ly r i t e - S. 0.0140 6.1534F ln g ioc la se - 9 . 0.0202 5.6295K aolin - 10. 0 .0216 5.5328Leueoxene - 11 . 0.0132 5.7799O rthoclase — 12. 0 .0213 5.5195C h lor ite — 13* 0 .0203 5.5373Micaceous rock fra g . — 14 . 0 .0394 4.6657Zircon — 15 . 0 .0112 6.4304MLcrocline — 16. 0.0196 5.6730L inon ite - 17. 0 .0136 5.7436M agnetite - IS . 0 .0274 5.1397BLotite - 19. 0.0143 6.0733R u tile — 20. 0 .0244 5.3570Garnet -
T ota l lo o
Average gra in e ls e in sat 0.0225
Average gra in e is e in 0 5*5917
Variance (a2 ; o a leu la ted in 0 0 .3325
Color o f rock ch ip N 3
171
APPENDIX A
Rock Typo 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin Section M aher ll/O S
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t ) 235.9
Core Nuaber G-9
CompositionM ineral %Dusty quart a 3Clear qaarta 11I l l i t e -S id e r ite 64I l l i t e -S ld er lte -Carbonaceous n a tte r 17Muscovite 5S i l i c a cement -C a lc ite -Chert -S e r ic ite -I^ r ite -P la g lo c la se -K aolin -Leucoxane -O rthoclase -C h lorite —Micaceous ro c k f r a g . —Zircon -M icrod ine -L inonite —M agnetite -B lo t lte -B u tile —Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain Siae
am 0
1. 0.0154 6.02092. 0.0226 5.46753 . 0.0204 5.61534 . 0.0198 5.65845. 0.0152 6.03986 . 0.0148 6.07837. 0.0186 5.74868 . 0.0222 5.49339. 0 .0206 5.6012
10. 0.0164 5.930211. 0.0238 5.392912. 0 .0160 5.965813* 0.0154 6.020914. 0 .0244 5.357015. 0.0176 5.828316. 0 .0274 5.189717. 0.0202 5.629518. 0.0120 6.380819. 0.0166 5.912720. 0.0644 3-9568
Average gra in e la e In m t 0 .0212
Average grain s ia e In 0 5*6644
Variance (s2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.24S5
Color o f rock chip N 4
172
APPENDIX A
Rock Type U Mlocd D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection timber
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nustber
11/09
110.6
G-a
CompositionMineral % C
Dusty quartz 6Clear quartz 8 JBftI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 75U l i t e -S ld e r ite 2 1. 0.0154Carbonaceous matter 5 2 . 0.0204Muscovite 4 3 . 0.0280S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0.0256C a lc ite - 5. 0.0386Chert - 6 . 0,0198S e r ic it e - 7. 0.0210ly r i t e - 8. 0.0136HLagioelase - 9. 0.0156K aolin - 10. 0.0172Leucoxene - U . 0.0238O rthoclase 12. 0 .0244C h lorite - 13. 0.0226Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0 .0218Zircon - 15. 0.0216M icrod in e - 16. 0.0286Limonite - 17. 0 .0184Magnetite - 18. 0.0436B lo t ite - 19. 0.0206R u tlie - 20. 0.0248Garnet -
T otal lo o
Grain S ize
65554556 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5
Average gra in e ls e in ma
Average gra in e ls e in 0 Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 Color o f rock chip
0.0233
5.4345
0.1703
N 4
0
.0209
.6153
.1584
.2877
.6953
.6584
.5735
.2002
.0023
.8614
.3929
.3570
.4675
.5195
.5328
.1278
.7642
.5195
.6012
.3335
173
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
11/10112.1
G-8
CoapoaitionM ineral %
Dusty quarts 25Clear quarts 10I l l i t e - S id e r i t e 41X ll i t eS id e r ite 2Carbonaceous matter 8Muscovite 4S i l i c a cementC a lc ite 9ChertSeri c i t eP yriteP lag ioc la seKaolinLeucoxeneOrthoclaseC hloriteMicaceous rock frag .Zircon 1M icroclinelim on iteM agnetiteB io titeR u tileGarnet
T otal 100
Grain S lse
1 .2.3.4*5.6 . 7. 3. 9.
10.11.12.13.14.15.16. 17. 13.19.20.
0.02760.02060.02430.01500.04360.05040.03660.02240.02320.04220.02080.03400.03280.02060.01240.02400.04340.04640.01330.0238
0
5.17925.60125.3335 6.0539 4.5195 4.3104 4.7720 5.43045.4297 4.5666 5.5373 4.3733 4.9302 5.60126.3335 5.3308 4.36334.4297 5.7331 5.3929
Average grain s i t e in mm
Arerage grain s i s e in 0
Variance (e2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0294
5.1944
0.3314
N 4
174
APHSNDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ectio n Number 11/11
Depth Belcsr Surface ( in f e e t ) 113*0
Core Nuaber
O p p o s it io nM ineral %D u st/ quarts 9C lear quarts 15I H it e -S id e r i t e 62I l l i t e -S id e r ite 2Carbonaceous matter 3M uscovite 8S i l i c a cement -C a lc ite 1Chert —S e r ic it e —P yrite -P la g io c la se -K aolin -LeucaxeneO rthoclase —C h lorite —Micaceous rock frag . —Zircon —M lcrocline «Limoni te -M agnetite -B io t ite —R u tile —Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain Siae
0
1. 0 .0262 5.25432 . 0 .0324 4.94793 . 0 .0406 4.62244 . 0 .0218 5.51955. 0 .0148 6.07836 . 0.0240 5.38087. 0 .0166 5.91278. 0.0174 5.84489. 0 .0282 5.1482
10. 0 .0182 5.779911. 0.0418 4.580412. 0 .0324 4.947913. 0 .0164 5.930214. 0 .0268 5.221615. 0 .0270 5.210916. 0.0142 6.138017. 0 .0220 5.506418. 0 .0162 5.947919. 0.0136 6.200220. 0 .0274 5.1897
Average gra in s ia e in am 0.0239
Average gra in s ia e in 0 5 .4631
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.2445
Color o f rock chip N 4
175
APPENDIX A
Rock Typo 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ectio n Number
Depth Below Surface ( i n f e e t )
Gore Number
11/12
113.5
G-e
C ongogitionM ineral % (
Duaty quartz 5C lear quarts 11 anI l l l t e - S i d e r i t e 64I l l i t e -S id e r ite 1 1 . 0.0244Carbonaceous m atter 6 2. 0.0142M uscovite 12 3. 0 .0298S i l i c a cement - 4 . 0 .0304C a lc ite - 5. 0 .0256Chert - 6 . 0 .0246S e r ic it e - 7 . 0.0202P y rite - 3. 0 .0264P la g io c la se - 9. 0 .0174Kaolin — 10 . 0.0144Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0198O rthoclase - 12. 0 .0184C h lor ite 1 13 . 0.0346M icaceous rock fra g . — 14. 0 .0246Zircon - 15. 0.0238Mi croc l in e — 16 . 0 .0134Limonite - 17. 0 .0146M agnetite - 18. 0.0178B io t ite - 19. 0 .0298R u tile - 20. 0.0188Garnet -
T ota l 100
Grain S iae
56 5 5 5 5 5 556554556 6 5 5 5
Average gra in s ia e in an
Average g ra in s ia e in 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0222
5.5509
0.1679
N 4
.3570
.1380
.0685
.0398
.2877
.3452
.6295
.2433.8448.1178.6584.7642.8531.3452.3929.2216.0979.8120.0685.7331
176
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ection Number
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Number
11/13
113.8
G-8
Composition
Mineral % (
Dusty quarts 3Clear quarts 7 IBBI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 80I H i t e -S id e r ite 1 1. 0.0174Carbonaceous matter 7 2 . 0.0226Muscovite 1 3 . 0.0158S i l ic a cement - 4. 0.0206C a le lte 1 5. 0.0228Chert - 6. 0.0198S e r lc ite - 7. 0 .0308P yrite - 8. 0.0128P la g io c la se - 9 . 0.0142Kaolin - 10. 0.0256Leucoxene - 11. 0 .0294Qrthoclase - 12. 0.0346C h lorite - 13. 0 .0164Micaceous rock frag . - 14. 0 .0188Zircon - 15. 0.0220M lerocline - 16. 0.0282lim on ite • 17. 0.0206Magnetite - 18. 0.0290B io t ite - 19. 0.0108R u tile - 20. 0.0446Garnet -
T otal 100
Grain Siae
5.84485.46755.98395.60125.45485.65845.02096.2877 6.13805.2877 5.0880 4.8531 5.9302 5.7331 5.5064 5.1482 5.6012 5.1078 6.5328 4.4868
Average gra in s i t e in am
Average gra in e ls e in 0
Variance ( s 2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0228
5.5366
0.2566
N 4
177
APPENDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure endQreded Bedding Shale
Thin S ec tio n Nuaber 11/14
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 126 .6
Core Nunber G-8
CompositionMineral %Dusty quartz 4Clear quarta 13I l l i t e - S id e r i t e 66I l l i t e -S id e r ite -Carbonaceous n a tter 7Muscovite 7S i l ic a cenent -C alc ite 2Chert -S e r ic ite -P yriteP la g io c la se -K aolin -Lsueoxene -Q rthoclase -C h lorite 1Micaceous rock frag . -Zircon -M icrocline —L inonite -M agnetite -B io t ite -E n tile -Garnet —
T otal 100
Grain Siae
ms 0
1 . 0.0214 5.54622. 0.0226 5.46753 . 0.0200 5.64394 . 0.0378 4.72555. 0.0332 4.71036. 0.0164 5.93027. 0.0106 6.55983 . 0.0556 4.16839 . 0.0204 5.6153
10. 0.0226 5.467511. 0.0122 6.357012. 0.0162 5.947913. 0 .0244 5.357014. 0.0238 5.117815. 0.0314 4.993116. 0.0236 5.405117. 0 .0096 6.702713. 0 .0228 5.454319. 0.0174 5.844320. 0.0212 5.5598
Average grain s ia e in sm 0 .0237
Average grain s ia e in 0 5-5237
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 0.3323
Color o f rock chip ■ 4
178
AFHSNDIX A
Rock Typo 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure modGreded Godding Shale
Thin Section Number
Depth Below Surface (In f e e t )
Core Number
11/15
135.5
G-8
CompositionM ineral % c1 S ise
Duety quarts 70C lear quarts 14 MS
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 52I l l i t e -S id e r ite 2 1. 0.0298 5.0685Carbonaceous matter 15 2. 0.0194 5.6878Muscovite 10 3. 0.0146 6.0979S i l i c a ceaent — 4 . 0.0264 5.2433C a lc ite — 5. 0.0150 6.0589Chert - 6 . 0.0424 4.5598S e r ic ite — 7. 0.0388 4.6878I^ r ite — 8. 0.0214 5.5462P la g io c la se - 9. 0.0233 5 .U 7 8Kaolin - 10. 0.0312 5.0023Leueoocene - 11. 0.0178 5.8120Orthoelase - 12. 0.0256 5.2877C hlorite - 13. 0.0260 5.2653Micaceous rock frag . - 14. O.Q352 4.8283Zircon — 15. 0.0123 6.2877K lcrec lin e - 16. 0 .0204 5.6153Limonite — 17. 0.0374 4.7408Magnetite - 18. 0.0206 5.6012B io t lt e - 19. 0.0284 5.1380R u tile — 20. 0.0202 5.6295Garnet -
T otal 100
Average gra in elme In an
Average gra in s ia e In 0
Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted In 0
Color o f rock chip
0.0256
5.363d
0.2391
H 4
179
APHEHDIX A
Rock Type U Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Redding Shale
Thin S ection Umber 11/16
Depth Belcw Surface ( in f e e t ) 135.9
Core Ntnfcer G-8
n«Mpoei t ia n
M ineral %Dusty quarts 14Clear quarts 7I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 531111te -
S id e r ite 2Carbonaceous n a tter 7M uscovite 11S i l i c a cenent -
C a lc ite 6Chert -
S e z lc ite -
P yrite -P la g io c la se -
Kaolin -
Leucoxene -
O rthodase -
C hlorite -
Micaceous rook fra g . -
Zircon -
MLcroellne -
l in o n ite -
Magnetite -
R lo t ite -
R u tlie —
Garnet —
T otal 100
Grain Siae
0
1. 0.0316 4.98392. 0.0638 3.97033. 0.0222 5.49334. 0.0506 4.30475. 0.0368 4.76426 . 0.0360 4.79597. 0.0162 5.94798 . 0.0136 6.20029. 0.0222 5.4933
10. 0.0218 5.519511. 0.0278 5.168812. 0.0424 4.559813. 0.0322 4.956814. 0.0182 5.779915. 0 .0240 5.380816. 0 .0314 4.993117. 0 .0 U 6 6.429718. 0 .0708 3.820119. 0 .0284 5.138020. 0.0346 4.8531
Average gra in e ls e In aa 0.0313
Average gra in a lee In 0 5*1277
Variance (a2 ) ca lcu la ted In 0 0.4666
Color o f rock chip N 4
180
APPENDIX A
Rook Type 11 Mixed Disturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin S ec tio n Number 11 /17
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t ) 137*2
Core Number G-8
CompositionM ineral % Grain Siae
Dusty quarts -C lear quarts 2 an 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 56l l l i t e -S id e r ite 39 1 . 0 .0166 5.9127Carbonaceous m atter 3 2 . 0 .0168 5.8954M uscovite - 3 . 0 .0194 5.6878S i l i c a cement 4 . 0 .0296 5.0783C a lc ite — 5 . 0 .0414 4.5942Chert — 6 . 0.0352 4.8283S e r lc it e — 7 . 0 .0184 5.7642P y r ite — 8 . 0 .0216 5.5328P la g io c la se - 9 . 0.0130 6.2653K aolin — 10. 0 .0158 5.9839Leueoooene — 11. 0 .0108 6.5328Ortho d a s e - 1 2 . 0 .0224 5.4804C h lo r ite — 13. 0 .0188 5.7331Micaceous rock fr a g . _ 14* 0.0144 6.1178Zircon _ 15* 0 .0268 5.2216M lcrocline — 16. 0 .0218 5.5195Limonite _ 17. 0 .0130 6.2653M agnetite - 18. 0 .0146 6.0979BLotite — 19. 0 .0238 5.3929B u tile - 20. 0 .0626 3.9977Garnet -
T otal 100
Average gra in e ls e in on 0.0228
Average gra in e ls e in 0 5*5951
Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la ted in 0 0 .3849
Color o f rock ch ip N 5
151
APFMDIX A
Rock Type 11 Mixed D isturbed Structure andGraded Bedding Shale
Thin Section Nuaber
Depth Below Surface ( in f e e t )
Core Nuaber
11/15
141.1
G—5
Composition
Mineral % c
D u st/ quarts 1Clear quarts 10 mI l l i t e - S id e r i t e 65I l l i t e 13S id er ite 1 1 . 0 .0154Carbonaceous n a tter 7 2 . 0.0205Muscovite 3 3 . 0.0136S i l i c a eenent - 4. 0 .0164C a le ite - 5. 0.0236Chert - 6 . 0.0194S e r ic ite - 7. 0 .0230P yrite - S. 0.0252P lag ioc la se - 9. 0.0256Kaolin - 10. 0 .0224Leucoxene - 11. 0.0205Orthoclase - 12 . 0 .0256C hlorite - 13. 0 .0144Micaceous rock fra g . - 14. 0.0362Zircon — 15. 0 .0192M lcrocline - 16. 0.0344Linonite — 17. 0 .0154M agnetite - 15. 0 .0240B io t ite - 19. 0.0244R u tile - 20. 0.0102Garnet -
Total 100
Grain S ise
0
5.76425.5573 6 .2002 5.9302 5.4051 5.6575 5.4422 5.3104 5.1275 5.45045.5573 5.2577 6.1175 4.7579 5.7027 4.5614 6.0209 5.3505 5.3570 6.6153
Arerage grain s i s e in an
Average gra in s i s e in 0
Variance (s2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0
Color of rock chip
0.0215
5.5527
0.1959
N 3
APPENDIX B
Mineral Composition And Grain 3 ix« Data o f th s T otal Corsd
S ection and o f Each Bock Type
183
APPENDIX B
T otal o f A ll 11 Bock Types
T otal footage o f a l l type* 297 fe e t
Data from th in se c tio n s 0 2 /0 2 , 06/02 and 06/02 have been removed so th at the three rook types from which they were taken w i l l not rece ive no re weight than th e ir true percentage demands (see t a r t ) , th e re fo re , the t o t a l number o f th in se c t io n s used in t h is ta b le i s 100, not 103.
CompositionMineral *Dusty quarts 46.38Clear quarts 7 .91I l l i t e - S id e r i t e 22.47I l l i t e 6 .7 0S id e r ite 4 .61Carbonaceous m atter 2 .79Muscovite 2 .78S i l ic a cement 1.62C a lc lte 1.32Chert 0 .72S e r ic ite 0 .62P yrite 0.55P la g io c la se 0.45Kaolin 0 .20Leueoxsne 0 .17Q rthoclase 0.16C hlorite 0 .12Micaceous rock frag . 0 .12Zircon 0 .10M lcrocline 0 .08Limonite 0.05Magnetite 0 .03B io t ite 0 .03R u tile 0 .01Garnet 0 .01T otal 100.00
Grain S is e
Percentage o f g r a in s w ith apparent lon g axes la r g e r than 0:
0 *
7 .50 0 .3 07 .00 1 .506 .5 0 4.956 .00 10.405 .50 a . 455 .00 8.854 .5 0 7.004 .0 0 6 .403 .5 0 7.553 .0 0 9 .7 02 .50 10.202 .0 0 9 .901 .5 0 5.551 .0 0 3 .2 00 .5 0 1.050 .0 0 0 .30
-0 .5 0 0.25-1 .0 0 0 .40-1 .5 0 0.45-2 .0 0 0.45-2 .5 0 0 .15T otal 100.00
The fo llow in g fig u res have been corrected as described above.Average grain s i s e in 0 3 .63Average gra in e ls e in ma 0*195Variance (*2) ca lcu la ted in 0 3.066Benge o f grain s ia e in 0 7 .29 to -2 .6 7Range o f grain s i s e in m 0.006 to 6 .350Range o f e2 o f th in se c t io n s 0 .112 to 3*231Range of average gra in s is e in 0 o f th in se c t io n s
5 .64 to -0 .9 6
184
APPRMDIX B
Total footag* in cor*a 72 .2
Far e«nt o f t o t a l cor* footag* 24.3
th»b*r o f th in aoctiona 24
CoaDoaition Grain Siz*
Mineral i Percentage of gra in s w ithapparent long ax*a larger
Duaty quartz 74.71 than 0:Cl*ar quarts 7.29 0 *I l l i t * - S id * r i t * -
I l U t * 2 .00 4.75 .2083S id er it* 7.13 4 .50 .4167Carbonac*ou s matter 0 .13 4.25 1.0417Muscovite 0.75 4 .00 1.4533S i l ic a c«n*nt 3.33 3.75 1.6667C a lc ite — 3 .50 3.3333Chart 1 .79 3 .25 4.79173 * r lc it* 0 .42 3 .00 6.0417P yrit* 0 .04 2.75 7.7083P lag loclas* 0 .6 7 2 .50 10.2083Kaolin 0 .38 2.25 11.4583Laucoxane 0 .04 2 .00 12.2917Orthoolaa* 0 .21 1.75 14.5833C hlorlt* 0.12 1 .50 6.6667Micaceous rock frag. 0 .33 1.25 7.2917Zircon 0.25 1 .00 4.7917M ieroclin* 0.25 0 .75 2.9167Linonit* — 0 .50 1.4583Magn*tit* 0 .08 0.25 .8333B io tit* 0 .04 0 .00 .6250R util* - -0 .2 5 -
Garnet 0 .0 4 -0 .5 0 --0 .75
Total 100.00 Total 100.0000
Average gra in aia* in 0 2 .27At * rag* gra in a lsa In a n 0,246Variant* (a2 ) ea leu la tad In 0 0.720a2 la not hoaognnaoua (95£ confidence l* r * l)Rang* o f grain ala* in 0 4 ,3 7 to -0 .7 6Rang* o f gra in aia* in *■ 0 .034 to 1 .694Sang* o f • o f th in a*etiona 0.203 to 1.851Rang* o f * T * r a g * gra in aia* in 0 o f th in auctions
2 .7 4 to 1 .87
185
APPENDIX B
Bedded Brown Sandstone Rock Type 02
Total footage in cores 2 .1
Per cent o f t o ta l core footage 0 .7
Number of th in se c tio n s 2
Composition
MineralDusty quartz Clear quartz I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 1111 te S id e r iteCarbonaceous matterMuscoviteS i l i c a cementC a lc iteChertS e r ie itefy r iteP lag ioc la seKaolinleueoxeneQ rthoclaseC hloriteMicaceous rock frag.ZirconM lcroclineLijsonlteMagnetiteB io t iteRut l i eCarnet
74.005.5^
2.506.004.002.50
1.002.50
1.50
0.50
Grain S izePercentage o f grains w ith apparent long axes larger than 0:
0 %
3.75 5.00003.50 10.00003.25 5.00003.00 15.00002.75 10.00002.50 10.00002.25 12.50002.00 15.00001.75 10.00001 .50 7.5000Total 100.0000
Total 100.00
Average grain s i s e in 0 Average grain s i s e in mb Variance (e2 ) ca lcu la ted in 0 s2 i s homogeneous (955f confidence le v e l)Range o f grain s i s e in 0 3>5? to 1 .38Range o f grain s iz e in mm 0.084 to 0.383Range o f s2 o f th in se c t io n s 0 .343 to 0.500Range o f average grain s iz e in 0 o f th in se c tio n s
2.52 to 2.35
2.440.2030.418
136
APPENDIX B3TOWB fiock xto 91
T ota l fo o ta g e in co res 1 2 .0
Per cen t o f t o t a l core fo o ta g e 4.0Number o f th in s e c t io n s 4
Com position Grain S ize
M ineral i Percentage o f g r a in s w ith
Dust7 qu arts 37 .00 apparent long than 0 :
axes la r g e r
C lear quarts 3 .5 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t eI l l i t e 0.50 0 X
S id e r ite A .00 3 .7 5 2.5000Carbonaceous m atter - 3 .5 0 2 .5000M uscovite 0.50 3 .25 1 .2500
11c* cement 2 .7 5 3.o o 2.5000C a le ite - 2 .7 5 5.0000Chert 0.50 2.50 6 .25003 e r lc i t e - 2 .2 5 10.0000I ^ r ite - 2.00 3.7500P la g io c la se 0 .5 0 1 .7 5 10.0000k a o lin 0 .2 5 1 .5 0 7.5000Leueoxene - 1.25 10.0000O rthoclase 0 .2 5 1.00 11.2500C h lo r ite - 0 .75 5.0000M icaceous rocK fra g . - 0 .5 0 3 .7500Zircon 0 .2 5 0 .2 5 3 .7500M lcroclin e - 0.00 1.2500Lim onite — -0 .2 5 1.2500M agnetite - - 0.50 1.2500B io t it e - -0 .7 5 1.2500R u tlie - - 1.00 2.5000Carnet -1 .2 5
-1 .5 01.25001 .2500
T ota l 100.00 T otal 100.0000
Average g ra in s i z e in 0 1 .3 3Average gra in s i s e in an 0 .5 3 7Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 1.246s2 i s homogeneous (95^ con fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f g ra in s i s e in 0 3 .5 5 t o -1 .5 5Range o f gra in s i s e in m t 0 .0 3 6 to 2 .9 2 5Range o f e2 o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .3 2 6 t o 1 .2 9 1Range o f average g ra in s i s e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
2.15 to 0.73
187
APPENDIX B
M assive Gray Sandstone Rock Ifrpe 0 lj
T ota l fo o ta g e in co res 51 .4
Ifer cant o f t o t a l core fo o ta g e 17*3Number o f th in s e c t io n s 17
Composition
M ineral *Dusty q u arts 75 .18C lear q u arts 5.76I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e -
I l l i t e 10 .06S id e r ite 0 .5 9Carbonaceous n a tte r 0.12M uscovite 0 .3 8S i l i c a cement 1 .9 4C a le ite 0 .3 2Chert 0 .9 4S e r ic i t e 0 .7 0P y r ite 0 .1 3P la g io c la se 0 .9 *K aolin 0 .2 3Leueoxene 0 .3 5O rthoclase 0 .5 3C h lo r ite 0 .1 3M icaceous rock fr a g . 0 .1 8Z ircon 0.06M lcroclin e 0.12Limonite 0.12M agnetite -
B io t i t e 0.12R u tile -
Garnet -
T ota l 100.00
Grain S iae
Percentage o f g ra in s w ith apparent lo n g axes la rg er than 0 :
0 *
4 .7 5 1 .17654 .5 0 1.47064 .2 5 .33244.00 4 .11763 .7 5 5.00003 .5 0 3 .5 2 9 43 .2 5 12.05393.00 12.35292 .7 5 12.64702 .5 0 10.00002 .25 10.29412.00 7 .64711 .7 5 3 .52941 .5 0 4 .41181 .2 5 2.64711.00 2 .35290 .7 5 .29410 .5 0 -
0 .25 .2941
- 2.00100.0000
At*rags g r a in s i s e in 0 2 .6 lAverage g ra in s i s e in a s 0 .202Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .7 0 6e2 i s not homogeneous (95% co n fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f g ra in s i s e in 0 4 .6 7 to -2 .0 3Range o f g ra in s i s e i n m C.039 t o 4*094Range o f s^ o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .152 t o 1 .665Range o f average gra in s i s e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
3.10 to 1.92
138
APPENDIX B
Bedded Gray Sandstone Rock Type 05
T ota l foo tage in corea 2 3 .5
Par cen t o f t o t a l core fo o ta g e 9-6
Number o f th in s e c t io n e 10
Com position Grain S ize
M ineral * Percentage o f g ra in s w ith
Dusty quartz 52.40 apparent lo n g axes la r g e rt.ha.n (h•
C lear quarts 5 .900I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e - i
11 L ite 17 .00S id e r ite 2 .1 0 6 .0 0 .5000Carbonaceous m atter 2 .7 0 5.75 2 .0000M uscovite 4 .1 0 5 .50 1 .5000S i l i c a cement 2 .7 0 5.25 2 .0000C a lc ite 7 .4 0 5 .0 0 3 .5000Chert 0 .3 0 4 .7 5 7.0000S e r ic it e 2 .4 0 4 .5 0 12 .5000P y r ite - 4 .2 5 10 .5000P la g io c la se 0 .3 0 4 .0 0 14.5000K aolin 0 .4 0 3 .75 11.5000Leueoxene 0 .4 0 3 .5 0 10.0000O rthoclase 0 .1 0 3 .25 4-5000C h lo r ite 0 .2 0 3 .0 0 3.0000M icaceous rock fr a g . - 2 .75 3 .5000i ir c o n 0 .1 0 2 .5 0 4 .0000M lcrocline - 2 .2 5 1.0000Lim onite 0 .3 0 2 .0 0 1 .0000M agnetite 0 .1 0 1 .75 1.5000B lo t ite - 1 .5 0 .5000Rut l i e 0 .1 0 1 .25 -Garnet - 1 .0 0 .5000
T ota l 100.00 T otal 100.0000
Average g ra in e is e in 0 3 .7 5Average g ra in e ls e in an 0 .0 9 0Variance ( s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .753s2 1* homogeneous (95£ co n fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f gra in e i s e in 0 5 .73 t o 1 .0 0Range o f gra in s i s e in m 0 .0 1 3 t o 0 .5 0 0Range o f e2 o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .1 1 2 t o 0 .453Range o f average gra in s i s e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
4 .8 3 t o 2 .2 5
189
APPENDIX B
Pebbly Gray Sandstone Rock Type 06
T o ta l fo o ta g e in co res 1 .6
Psr cant o f t o t a l core foo tage 0 .5
Number o f th in s e c t io n s 2
Com position Grain S ice
M ineral X Percentage o f g ra in s w ith
Dusty q u arts 58.00 apparent lon g than 0:
axes la r g e r
C lear quarts 7 .5 0I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e - 0 *l l l i t e 3 .3 0S id e r ite 26 .0 0 4 .5 0 2 .5000Carbonaceous m atter - 4 .25 -
M uscovite 2 .5 0 4 .0 0 2 .5000S i l i c a cement - 3 .75 7.5000C e lc it e 1 .5 0 3 .5 0 5 .0000Chert - 3 .25 15 .0000S e r ic it e - 3 .0 0 12.5000P y r ite - 2 .75 5.0000P la g io c la se 1 .0 0 2 .5 0 10.0000K aolin - 2 .2 5 12.5000Leueoxene - 2 .0 0 10 .0000O rthoclaee - 1 .7 5 2 .5000C h lo r ite - 1 .5 0 7 .5000M icaceous rock fr a g . - 1.25 5 .0000Zircon - 1 .0 0 -
M lcroclin e - 0 .7 5 2 .5 0 0 0Lim onite -
M agnetite - T otal 100.0000B io t it e —
R u tile -
Garnet -
T ota l 100 .00
Average g ra in s i s e in 0 2 .5 3Average g ra in s i s e in am 0 .2 0 5Variance ( s * ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .745» i s homogeneous (95# con fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f g ra in s i s e in 0 4 .4 3 to 0 .6 9Range o f g ra in s i s e in am 0 .0 4 6 t o 0 .6 1 9Range o f s^ o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .670 to 0 .8 5 9Range o f average gra in s i s e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
2 .5 5 to 2 .5 2
190
APHSNDIX B
r.rmfli « M w tj Bock Type 07
T otal footage In core* 6 .1
Per cent o f t o t a l cor* footage 2 .1
Number o f th in se c tio n s 2
Composition
M ineralDusty quarts Clear quarts I l l i t e - S id e r i t e l l l i t e S id * r iteCarbonaceous matterIteseoviteS i l i c a cementC a lc iteChertS e r ic iteP y r iteP lag ioclaseKaolinLeueoxeneO rthoclaseC hloriteM icaceous rock fr a g .ZirconM lcroclineLimoniteM agnetiteB io tit*R u tlleCarnet
9 5 .5 01.00
.50
1.00
1.00
1,00
T otal 100.00
Grain S isePercentage o f gra in s w ith apparent long axes larger than 0:
0 *2.75 5.00002.502 .2 5 2 .50002.001 .7 5 5 .00001 .5 01 .2 5 2.50001 .0 0 5.00000 .75 5.00000 .5 0 7 .50000 .2 5 0 .0 0
-0 .2 5 2 .5000-0 .5 0 2 .5000-0 .7 5 2 .5000-1 ,0 0 2.5000-1 ,2 5 10 .0000-1 .5 0 2.5000-1 .7 5 17 .5000- 2 .0 0 7-5000-2 .2 5 12.5000-2 .5 0 7.5000
T o ta l 100.0000
Average grain s i s e in 0 -0 .85Average grain s i s e in ass 2.766Variance (s^ ) ca lcu la ted in 0 2.535s^ i s homogeneous (95% confidence le v e l )Bangs o f p a i n s i s e in 0 2 .6 7 to -2 .6 7Bangs o f p a i n s i s e in m .156 to 6 .350Bangs o f s2 o f th in sec tio n s 1.939 to 3*321Bangs o f average grain s i s e o f 0 o f th in se c tio n s
-0 .7 3 to -0 .9 8
191
APPENDIX BM assive Shale Rock Type 06
T ota l footaga in coraa 2 .6
Par cant o f t o t a l cora fo o ta g e 0 .9
Number o f th in aaction a 2
CoauDoaition Grain S ize
M ineral % Percentage o f gra in s w ith
Dusty quartz 5 .5 0 apparent lo n g axaa la r g er than 0:C lear quartz 7 .5 0
I l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 75 .00l l l i t a 1 .5 0 0 iS id e r lte 0 .5 0Carbonaceous m atter 6 .5 0 6 .5 0 2 .5000M uscovite 2 .5 0 6 .2 5 5 .0000S i l i c a cement - 6 .0 0 10 .0000C a lc ite - 5 .75 15.0000Chart 0 .5 0 5 .5 0 10 .0000S ari c i t e 0 .5 0 5 .2 5 10 .0000P y r ite _ 5 .0 0 17 .5000P la g io c la se - 4 .7 5 10 .0000Kaolin - 4 .5 0 10 .0000Leueoxene - 4 .2 5 10 .0000Q rthoclaseC h lo r ite : T o ta l 100.0000Micaceous rock fr a g . -Z ircon -M lcrocline -Lim onite -M agnetite -B io t i t e -B u t ile ~Garnet -
T o ta l 100 .00
Average grain aiza In 0 5.11Average grain a lt* In me 0 .0 3 2Varlanea (a2 ) ca leu la tad in 0 0 .3 9 9a2 la homogeneous (95^ confidence le v e l)Bang# o f grain aiza In 0 Eaaga o f grain a iza in mi Ranga o f a^ o f th in aactiona Ranga o f average grain aiza in 0 o f th in aactiona
5 .2 9 to 4 .9 3
6 .2 9 to 4 .0 6 0 .013 to 0 .0 6 0 0 .3 1 3 to 0 .4 3 4
192
APFENDIi B
D isturbed S tructure a ta lft Bock Tt.tc 09
T ota l fo o ta g e In co res J 2 .6
Per cant o f t o t a l cors fo o ta g e 1 1 .0
hfcunbar o f th in s e c t io n s 11
C cap osltion Grain S lsaM ineral % Fsrcenl
Dusty quarts 15.55apparei4 h e h
C lear quarts 8 .55v i i i n y*
l l l i t e - S i d e r i t e 3 5 .0 0 0I H i t e 18.46S id e r ite 6 .2 7 7 .50Carbonaceous m atter 5 .36 7 .2 5M uscovite 4 .3 6 7 .0 0S i l i c a cement 0 .4 6 6 .7 5C a lc lte 1 .2 7 6 .5 0Chert - 6 .2 5S e r ic i t e 1 .1 8 6 .0 0P y r ite 3 .1 8 5 .75P la g io c la se - 5 .50K aolin - 5 .25Leucoxene 0 .2 7 5 .0 0Q rthoclase — 4 .7 5C h lo r ite 0 .0 9 4 .5 0M icaceous rock fr a g . - 4 .2 5Zircon - 4 .0 0Mi c r o c lin e - 3 .7 5Limonite — 3 .5 0M agnetite - 3 .25B L otite -R u tile — T o ta lGarnet -
T ota l 100.00
.45461 .3636
.90913 .18184.09094 .54543 .6363
13.63646 .8182
12 .27278 .6364
11 .81829 .5454
10.90915.45451.8182
.4546.4546
100.0000
Average g ra in s iz e In 0 5 .0 6Average g ra in e ls e in ssr. 0 .0 3 5Variance (a2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .6 9 4a2 ia fcnogensoua (95^ con fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f gra in a ia e in 0 7 .2 9 to 3 .0 7Range o f g ra in a ia e in m 0 .0 0 6 to 0 .1 1 9Range o f a2 o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .2 4 0 t o 1 .123Range o f average g ra in s i z e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
5.60 to 4.43
193
APPENDIX B
Graded Bidding Shale Sock Type 10
T ota l fo o ta g e in cores 33*8
Per cen t o f t o t a l core footage 1 1 .4
Number o f th in s e c t io n s 11
CompositionM ineral
Dusty quarts 5 .3 6C lear quarts 12 .73I U i t e -S id e r i t e 66 .32I l l i t e 3 .0 0S id e r ite 2 .1 3Carbonaceous m atter 5 .4 6M uscovite 4 .0 0S i l i c a cementC a lc ite 0 .1 3ChertS e r ic i t eF y r ite 0 .0 9P la g io e la s eK aolinLeueoxene 0 .0 9C rthoclaseC h lo r ite 0 .0 9M icaceous rock fr a g .ZirconM icroclineLim oniteM agnetiteB io t it eS u t i leGarnet
Grain SAsePsrcentage o f gra in s w ith apparent lon g axes la rg er than 0:
0 i
7 .5 0 .45457 25 -7*. 00 .45456 .7 5 5 .00006 .5 0 3 .63646 .2 5 10.90916.00 11.36365.75 14.54555 .5 0 17 .72735 .25 12.72735 .0 0 12 .27274 .7 5 6 .81324 .5 0 3 .18184 .2 5 .9091
T ota l 100.0000
Total 100.00
Average g ra in e l s e in 0 5 .4 7Average g ra in e l s e in m i 0 .0 2 4Variance (s 2 ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .3 4 7c2 i s homogeneous (95£ con fid en ce l e v e l )Bangs o f gra in s i s e in 0 7 .2 9 t o 4 .0 9Bangs o f g ra in s i s e in tm 0 .0 0 6 to 0 .0 5 9Bangs o f s 2 o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .1 4 9 to 0 .393Bangs o f average g ra in s i s e in 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
4.84 to 5.13
194
APPSMD1X BMl y d M sturbed Structure and
Qraded Bedding Shale Hock Tree 11T ota l fo o ta g e In cores 54*1
FVr cant o f t o t a l cor* fo o ta g e I d .2
Number o f th in s e c tio n * 13
Com position
M ineral %
Dusty q u arts 7 .61C lear quarts 10 .61I l l i t e - S i d e r i t * 53 .44I l l i t e 1 .5 6S id s r i t e 6 .5 0Carbonaceous n a tte r 6 .7 2M uscovite 6 .0 0S i l i c a cenent 0 .0 6C a le ite 1 .3 9Chert -
S e r ic it e -
P y r ite 0 .3 3P la g io c la se -
K aolin -Leucoxene 0 .1 1O rthoclase -
C h lo r ite 0 .1 1M icaceous rock fr a g . -
Zircon 0 .0 6M lcrocline -
Limonit* -
M agnetite -B io t i t e -
R u tile -
Garnet -
T ota l 100.00
Grain S it ePercentage o f g ra in s w ith apparent lon g axes la r g e rthan 0:
0 %
7 .2 5 .27787 .0 0 .27786 .75 2.22226 .5 0 3.33336 .25 10.00006 .0 0 10.33335 .75 13.05555 .5 0 17.77785.25 12 .50005 .0 0 7.77784 .7 5 8 .05564 .5 0 4 .44444 .25 1 .11114 .0 0 1 .94443 .7 5 .55563 .5 0 -3 .2 5 .27783 .0 0 .27782 .75 -2 .5 0 -2 .2 5 -2 .0 0 .2778T ota l 100.0000
Average g ra in e ls e In 0 5 .3 7Average g ra in e ls e In m i 0 .0 2 7Variance (s^ ) c a lc u la te d in 0 0 .4 2 3s^ i s not hoattgeeeous (95^ con fid en ce l e v e l )Range o f g ra in e ls e in 0 7*03 t o 1 .9 3Range o f g ra in e l s e in bb 0 .0 0 7 t o 0 .2 5 4Range o f s^ o f th in s e c t io n s 0 .1 6 3 t o 1 .5 2 0Range o f average g ra in s i s e In 0 o f th in s e c t io n s
5 .6 0 t o 4 .9 5
APPENDIX C
Stratigraphic Distribution of ths Rock Types
195
196
APPgHDIX C
The rock types are*I d e n t i f ic a t io n
Naee Munber
M assive Brown Sandstone 01
Bedded Grown Sandstone 02
P ib b ly Brown Sandstone 03
M assive Gray Sandstone 04
Bedded Gray Sandstone 05
F^bbly Gray Sandstone 06
Conglomerate 07
M assive Shale 03
D isturbed S tru ctu re Shale 09
Graded Bedding Shale 10
Mixed D isturbed S tru ctu re and Graded Bedding Shale 11
The rock ty p es are d is tr ib u te d through th e s tr a t ig r a p h ic s e c t io n
stu d ied as fo llo w s :
Core Gr—9 Bock Type Mustber
Depth in2 0 .3 - 5 7 .4 01
5 7 .4 - 5 8 .8 03
5 8 .8 - 59 .8 01
59 .8 - 6 1 .9 02
6 1 .9 - 6 2 .8 01
6 2 .8 - 6 3 .9 03
6 3 .9 - 66 .5 01
197
Cor* G-9(C on tlrw d ) Bock True M gabr
6 6 .5 - 6 8 .0 05
6 8 .0 - 8 1 .2 01
8 1 .2 - 8 2 .0 03
8 2 .0 - 3 5 .2 01
8 5 .2 - 8 6 .8 06
8 6 .8 - 89 .6 01
8 9 .6 - 9 0 .2 07
9 0 .2 - 9 4 .9 03
94 .9 - 9 9 .7 01
9 9 .7 - 10 0 .1 03
100 .1 - 10 3 .2 01
103.2 - 1 0 4 .0 03
10 4 .0 - 107 .5 01
107 .5 - 110 .3 03
110 .3 - 1 1 5 .8 07
115 .8 - 135 .7 09
1 3 5 .7 - 1 4 0 .7 11
140 .7 - 14 7 .0 09
147 .0 - 1 5 1 .1 05
151 .1 - 15 4 .2 11
154.2 - 15 9 .8 05
1 5 9 .8 - 1 6 0 .4 08
1 6 0 .4 - 16 1 .9 05
161 .9 _ 162 .5 08
198
Cor* Gr-9(C ontinued) Bock Ttp* Muabor
16 2 .5 - 1 6 2 .8 05
162 .8 - 16 3 .2 08
163 .2 - 1 6 5 .8 05
165 .8 - 1 6 9 .7 04
1 6 9 .7 - 1 7 0 .0 09
1 7 0 .0 - 171 .1 04
1 7 1 .1 - 173 .3 11
173 .3 - 174 .1 10
1 7 4 .1 - 174 .9 09
1 7 4 .9 - 177 .8 10
1 7 7 .8 - 1 7 8 .1 05
17 8 .1 - 179 .1 11
1 7 9 .1 - 180 .3 10
180 .3 - 184 .1 09
1 8 4 .1 - 188 .3 10
188 .3 - 195 .3 11
195 .3 - 1 9 5 .7 05
1 9 5 .7 - 1 9 6 .9 11
196 .9 - 19 7 .2 05
1 9 7 .2 - 1 9 9 .0 11
199 .0 - 199 .6 05
1 9 9 .6 - 200 .1 11
2 0 0 .1 - 2 0 1 .7 05
2 0 1 .7 - 20 4 .2 10
199
Coro G-9(C ontinued; Rock Type Muabor
2 0 4 .2 - 205 .3 09
205 .3 - 20 6 .6 10
20 6 .6 - 2 0 7 .0 05
2 0 7 .0 - 2 1 1 .0 10
2 1 1 .0 - 2 1 1 .4 05
2 1 1 .4 - 212 .3 10
21 2 .3 - 212 .5 05
212 .5 - 22 0 .1 10
2 2 0 .1 - 220 .5 05
2 2 0 .5 - 2 2 5 .1 10
2 2 5 .1 - 226 .3 05
226 .3 - 2 2 7 .6 11
2 2 7 .6 - 22 3 .2 05
2 2 3 .2 - 2 3 0 .4 11
2 3 0 .4 - 2 3 0 .9 05
2 3 0 .9 - 23 2 .3 10
23 2 .3 - 2 3 6 .4 11
2 3 6 .4 - 2 3 3 .4 10
2 3 3 .4 - 2 5 8 .0 04
Core G-9 was c o r r e la te d a t t h i s p o in t w ith core Cr-8.
Core G-8 fo llo w s :
109 .6 - 11 8 .5 11
118.5 - 121.5 04
Cor* G-8(C ontinued ) Rock Type Number
121 .5 - 121 .9 09
1 2 1 .9 - 1 2 5 .4 05
12 5 .4 - 1 2 7 .0 11
127 .0 - 1 2 8 .0 05
1 2 3 .0 - 1 3 2 .4 11
132 .4 - 13 3 .4 08
133 .4 - 1 4 3 .2 11
143.2 - 1 4 4 .7 05
1 4 4 .7 - 155 .5 04
155.5 - 1 5 5 .9 10
155 .9 16 3 .9 04
Bottom o f a tr a tig r a p h ic s e c t io n stu d ied .
a ppen d ix d
R ecovery , C o n c e n tr a tio n , and I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f Spores
201
APPENDIX D
F if t y - f iv e samples were taken from the sh a le s and were tr ea ted
fo r the removal and co n cen tra tio n f spores a s fo llo w s:
1 . Sample was p u lv e r ised .
2 . Treated fo r two hours in a s o lu t io n c o n s is t in g o f equal
p a rts o f con cen trated n i t r i c a c id and a sa tu ra ted s o lu t io n
o f potassium c h lo r a te .
3 . Seven m inutes In u ltr a s o n ic c le a n e r .
4 . Mixed w ith w ater to make one l i t e r , s e t t l e d in a one l i t e r
c y lin d e r fo r 18 hours; l iq u id siphoned o f f , p r e c ip ita te
r e ta in e d .
3 . C entrifuged two m in u tes. P r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
6 . Treated in lo r 18 hours,
7 . C entrifuged two m inutes; p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
3 . Treated in concentrated HF fo r 24 hours.
9 . C entrifuged two m inutes; p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
1 0 . B oiled 30 seconds in concentrated HC1; cen tr ifu g ed and
p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
11 . Mashed and cen tr ifu g ed four tim es (or u n t i l HC1 was com
p le te ly removed); p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
12 . Put in sa tu ra ted ZnCl s o lu t io n , s t ir r e d and cen tr ifu g ed ;
susp en sion r e ta in e d .
13 . Suspension put in c lea n tu b e , cen tr ifu g ed again ; suspension
re ta in e d .
202
203
14. Put in 50 ml beaker w ith 3 *1 con cen trated HC1 and w ater
added to Bake 50 ml; cen tr ifu g ed and p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
15 . Mashed and cen tr ifu g ed fou r t in e s (or u n t i l HC1 was com
p le t e ly restored); p r e c ip ita te r e ta in e d .
16 . S afran in dye added t o p r e c ip ita te and l e f t t o stand 24 hours.
17 . Washed and cen tr ifu g ed four t in e s t o remove dye; p r e c ip i
t a t e r e ta in e d .
18 . G lycerine added to p r e c ip ita te and tra n sferred t o s to ra g e
r i a l .
19 . S lid e s fo r m icroscop ic study were aade from th e above.
Photomicrographs o f the spores found in the samples were sen t to
Dr. Gerhard 0 . W. Kranp fo r con firm ation or c o r r e c t io n o f i d e n t i f i c a
t io n . They are as fo llo w s ;
1 . A p ic u la t iei"*'v i t s s sp .
2 . L a e e ig a to -sp o r ite s sp . c f . M ic r o r e t lc u la t is p o r lte s -jp.
3 . Lrcospora sp .
4 . Lrcospora c f . L. b rer lju g a Kosanke (1 9 5 0 ).
5 . lrco sp o r a c f . L. g ra n u la te Kosanke (1 9 5 0 ).
6 . M ic r o r e tic u la t1s p o r ite s sp .
VITA
C. Edward Howard was born in Roseboro, North C arolina, on
Kay 31 t 1929 . Ha attandad elem entary school in C lin ton , North
C arolina, and graduatad fro® C lin ton High School in 1947* Ha received
a fiachslor o f Scianca dagraa in Geology from Duka U niversity in 1953
and a Master o f Scianca degree in G eological Engineering front North
Carolina S ta te C ollege in 1955• In June, 1955, he was enployed by
the Tungsten Mining Corporation of Henderson, North C arolina. He
entered the Graduate School a t L ouisiana S tate U n iversity in February,
1959, and i s now a candidate fo r the Ph.D. degree in Geology.
He i s married to the foraer Evelyn Kline Baker o f Henderson,
North C arolina.
204
EXAMINATION AND THESIS REPORT
Candidate: C. E d wa r d Ho wa r d
Major Field: d u o 1 o g y
Title of Thesis: pe t rography of the Jack fork Sandstone a t De Cray Dam.C l a r k C o u n t y . A r k a n s a s .
Approved:
f y Major Professor and Chairman
/. / -
Dean of the Graduate School
Date of Examination:
a .
EXAMINING COMMITTEE:
Cw L
A *
May 11 , 1 Hh' j