PESTICIDE APPLICATION PESTICIDE APPLICATION IN THE GREENHOUSEIN THE GREENHOUSE

Punya Nachappa GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT HORT 6050

INTRODUCTION A greenhouse is a unique

environment for the development of pests.

Greenhouses are warm, humid environments,

ideally suited for pest development.

Pest population explosion due to absence of natural enemy complex.

ARTHROPOD PESTS OF GREENHOUSE

Whiteflies Aphids Fungus gnats Leaf miners Mealybugs Caterpillars Scale insects Thrips Mites Slugs and snails

PESTICIDES

Pesticides are substances that can kill, repel,or suppress the growth of living organisms.

Different types of application methods

CLASSIFICATION

I. Based on their use, relative to crop. Pre-plant: Applications before crop

planting.

Pre-emergence: Application of a pesticide where a crop is present but not emerged from soil.

Post-emergence: Application after a crop is emerged.

Seed Dressing: Coating of pesticide onto the seed.

II. Based on application method

Band sprayed: Straddling the row.

Directed: Towards target but avoiding the crop.

Spot application: To individuals, small patches or clumps of plants.

Chemigation: Injected into irrigation water.

SELECTION OF APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

Pest status

Pesticide formulations

Capacity of equipments

Operator safety features

Ease of operation, Calibration maintenance

Type and stage of crops grown

EFFECT OF APPLICATION FACTORS ONBIOLOGICAL RESPONSES

Spray distribution

Drop numbers and size

Drop velocity

Spray and concentration

AGROCHEMICAL TRADE LABELS Signal words - DANGER, WARNING,

CAUTION ,POISON Precautionary measures useful in

preventing physical harm to the individual

Instructions in case of exposure, emergency treatment

Instructions in case of fire or chemical spill

Instructions for chemical handling and storage

METHODS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION

High-Volume (HV) Spray

Most common method of pesticide application

Least expensive

Size of spray droplets : >100microns

Coverage includes outer leaves and upper surfaces

Soluble powders, WP, EC.

Eg. Gasoline motor powered pesticide sprayers

Cornell nozzles

DUST APPLICATION

Uncommon method.

Active ingredient and filler (talc,clay, diatomaceous earth).

Application by hand-cranked units to large motorized dusters.

Use respirators or gas masks while applying.

LOW-VOLUME (LV) SPRAYERS

Uniform coverage, less pesticide, reduction in time.

Smaller droplet size: <100microns.

Coverage include inner leaves.

Computer programmed.

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS

Invented by Dr. Ed Law at the University of Georgia. 

Max-Charge induction electrostatic nozzle. 

Electrostatic sprayers produce electrically charged spray droplets which are carried into the plant canopy in a high speed air stream.

  The result is more than twice the

deposition efficiency

                                                    

ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS

Improved canopy penetration

Increased under-leaf coverage

Reduced spray drift

Better coverage

Fewer fill-ups

Easy calibration

Low maintenance

Dilute capability

AEROSOL APPLICATION

Insecticides in cylinders under pressure.

Propellants- isobutane, isopropane,

fluorocarbon, compressed carbon dioxide.

Droplet size: <15-20 microns.

Temperature: 70-80 F

Calm day and dry foliage.

                                             

                              

FOG APPLICATION LV method similar to aerosol application.

Insecticide(10%) + oil based carrier.

WP and EC.

Droplet size: 10-60microns.

PPE

SMOKE APPLICATION Another form of LV method.

Simplest form of application.

No specialized equipments.

Dosage rate is important.

Environmental considerations.

VOLATILIZATION

Gaining acceptance.

Frying pans above plant height.

Labor simplicity.

Low residues.

                              

ROOT SUBSTARTE APPLICATION

Soil-borne insects.

Granular formulations.

Small spoons to Feeder measure meter.

Plants should be dry while application, then water.

CALIBRATION

Is the process of measuring and adjusting the amount of pesticide your equipment applies to the target area.

Three factors Correct pump operating pressure

Type of diluent or carrier

Spray volume required

PESTICIDE SAFETY

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Equipment safety

Storage area

Disposal of pesticide containers

Spill cleanup and reporting

READ THE LABEL